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| 1 | Neurotrophic factors in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: implications for pathogenesis and therapy显示文摘Neurotrophic factors comprise essential secreted proteins that have several functions in neural and non-neural tissues, mediating the development, survival and maintenance of peripheral and central nervous system. Therefore, neurotrophic factor issue has been extensively investigated into the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease show changes in the regulation of specific neurotrophic factors and their receptors, which appear to be critical for neuronal degeneration. Indeed, neurotrophic factors prevent cell death in degenerative processes and can enhance the growth and function of affected neurons in these disorders. Based on recent reports, this review discusses the main findings related to the neurotrophic factor support – mainly brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor – in the survival, proliferation and maturation of affected neurons in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as their putative application as new therapeutic approach for these diseases management. | Tuane Bazanella Sampaio Anne Suely Savall Maria Eduarda Ziani Gutlerrez Simone Proton | 2017 | Neural Regeneration Research2017，12，4： | 16 |
| 2 | New aspects in the pathomechanism and diagnosis of the laryngopharyngeal reflux-clinical impact of laryngeal proton pumps and pharyngeal p H metry in extraesophageal gastroesophageal reflux disease显示文摘AIM:To determine the laryngeal H+K+-ATPase and pharyngeal p H in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)-symptoms as well as to assess the symptom scores during PPI therapy.METHODS:Endoscopy was performed to exclude neoplasia and to collect biopsies from the posterior cricoid area(immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis).Immunohistochemical staining was performed with monoclonal mouse antibodies against human H+K+-ATPase.Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for each of the H+K+-ATPase subunits was performed.The p H values were assessed in the aerosolized environment of the oropharynx(Dxp H Catheter) and compared to a subsequently applied combined p H/MII measurement.RESULTS:Twenty patients with LPR symptoms were included.In only one patient,the laryngeal H+K+-ATPase was verified by immunohistochemical staining.In another patient,real-time RT-PCR for each H+K+-ATPase subunit was positive.Fourteen out of twenty patients had pathological results in Dxp H,and 6/20 patients had pathological results in p H/MII.Four patients had pathological results in both functional tests.Nine out of twenty patients responded to PPIs.CONCLUSION:The laryngeal H+K+-ATPase can only be sporadically detected in patients with LPR symptoms and is unlikely to cause the LPR symptoms.Alternative hypotheses for the pathomechanism are needed.The role of pharyngeal p H-metry remains unclearand its use can only be recommended for patients in a research study setting. | Valentin Becker Romina Drabner Simone Graf Christoph Schlag Simon Nennstiel Anna Maria Buchberger Roland M Schmid Dieter Saur Monther Bajbouj | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，3： | 14 |
| 3 | Hepatocellular carcinoma: Review of disease and tumor biomarkers显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a common malignancy and now the second commonest global cause of cancer death. HCC tumorigenesis is relatively silent and patients experience late symptomatic presentation. As the option for curative treatments is limited to early stage cancers, diagnosis in non-symptomatic individuals is crucial. International guidelines advise regular surveillance of high-risk populations but the current tools lack sufficient sensitivity for early stage tumors on the background of a cirrhotic nodular liver. A number of novel biomarkers have now been suggested in the literature, which may reinforce the current surveillance methods. In addition, recent metabonomic and proteomic discoveries have established specific metabolite expressions in HCC, according to Warburg's phenomenon of altered energy metabolism. With clinical validation, a simple and non-invasive test from the serum or urine may be performed to diagnose HCC, particularly benefiting low resource regions where the burden of HCC is highest. | Jin Un Kim Mohamed I F Shariff Mary M E Crossey Maria Gomez-Romero Elaine Holmes I Jane Cox Haddy K S Fye Ramou Njie Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，10： | 13 |
| 4 | Chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma:The present and the future显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver. Its relationship to chronic liver diseases, in particular cirrhosis, develops on a background of viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol intake or metabolic steatohepatitis, leads to a high incidence and prevalence of this neoplasia worldwide. Despite the spread of HCC, its treatment it's still a hard challenge, due to high rate of late diagnosis and to lack of therapeutic options for advanced disease. In fact radical surgery and liver transplantation, the most radical therapeutic approaches, are indicated only in case of early diagnosis. Even local therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization, find limited indications, leading to an important problem regarding treatment of advanced disease. In this situation, until terminal HCC occurs, systemic therapy is the only possible approach, with sorafenib as the only standard treatment available. Anyway, the efficacy of this drug is limited and many efforts are necessary to understand who could benefit more with this treatment. Therefore, other molecules for a targeted therapy were evaluated, but only regorafenib showed promising results. Beside molecular target therapy, also cytotoxic drugs, in particular oxaliplatinand gemcitabine-based regimens, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors were tested with interesting results. The future of the treatment of this neoplasia is linked to our ability to understand its mechanisms of resistance and to find novel therapeutic targets, with the objective to purpose individualized approaches to patients affected by advanced HCC. | Marco Le Grazie Maria Rosa Biagini Mirko Tarocchi Simone Polvani Andrea Galli | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，21： | 11 |
| 5 | Review on microbiota and effectiveness of probiotics use in older显示文摘The aim of the present systematic review is to summarize the existing knowledge about the human microbiota in the elderly and the effects of probiotics in elderly population. The elderly subjects, compared to adult population, show a reduction in the diversity of the microbiota, characterized by a large interindividual variability, with lower numbers of Firmicutes, Bifidobacteria, Clostridium cluster XIV, Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectal and higher presence of Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidetes. These differences of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly may not necessarily be caused by aging, but they could be associated with the decline of the general state of health with malnutrition and with increased need for medication, such as antibiotics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, situations that occur frequently in the elderly. Differences have been demonstrated in the composition of the microbiota between healthy elderly subjects and hospitalized or institutionalized elderly subjects. These findings which further indicates that the living conditions, health status, nutrition and drugs have a significant effect on the composition of the microbiota. According to the available knowledge, the use of probiotics is safe and could represent an useful intervention to prevent or treat antibioticassociated diarrhea, in addition to reducing the severity of symptoms, other than to help the management of constipation. | Mariangela Rondanelli Attilio Giacosa Milena Anna Faliva Simone Perna Francesca Allieri Anna Maria Castellazzi | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，2： | 10 |
| 6 | Endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for re-staging rectal cancer after radiotherapy显示文摘AIM:To compare the sensitivity and specificity of two imaging techniques,endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. And we compared EUS and MRI data with histological fi ndings from surgical specimens. METHODS:Thirty-nine consecutive patients (51.3% Male; mean age:68.2 ± 8.9 years) with histologically confirmed distal rectal cancer were examined for staging. All patients underwent EUS and MRI imaging before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. RESULTS:After neoadjuvant chemoradiation,EUS and MRI correctly classified 46% (18/39) and 44% (17/39) of patients,respectively,in line with their histological T stage (P > 0.05). These proportions were higher for both techniques when nodal involvement was considered:69% (27/39) and 62% (24/39). When patients were sorted into T and N subgroups,the diagnostic accuracy of EUS was better than MRI for patients withT0-T2 (44% vs 33%,P > 0.05) and N0 disease (87% vs 52%,P = 0.013). However,MRI was more accurate than EUS in T and N staging for patients with more advanced disease after radiotherapy,though these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION:EUS and MRI are accurate imaging techniques for staging rectal cancer. However,after neoadjuvant RT-CT,the role of both methods in the assessment of residual rectal tumors remains uncertain. | Gianni Mezzi Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono Silvia Carrara Francesco Perri Maria Chiara Petrone Francesco De Cobelli Simone Gusmini Carlo Staudacher Alessandro Del Maschio Pier Alberto Testoni | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，44： | 9 |
| 7 | Problems faced by evidence-based medicine in evaluating lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer显示文摘Gastric cancer surgical management differs between Eastern Asia and Western countries. Extended lymphadenectomy(D2) is the standard of care in Japan and South Korea since decades, while the majority of United States patients receive at most a limited lymphadenectomy(D1). United States and Northern Europe are considered the scientific leaders in medicine and evidencebased procedures are the cornerstone of their clinical practice. However, surgeons in Eastern Asia are more experienced, as there are more new cases of gastric cancer in Japan(107898 in 2012) than in the entire European Union(81592), or in South Korea(31269) than in the entire United States(21155). For quite a long time evidence-based medicine(EBM) did not solve the question whether D2 improves long-term prognosis with respect to D1. Indeed, eastern surgeons were reluctant to perform D1 even in the frame of a clinical trial, as their patients had a very good prognosis after D2. Evidence-based surgical indications provided by Western trials were questioned, as surgical procedures could not be properly standardized. In the present study we analyzed indications about the optimal extension of lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer according to current scientific literature(2008-2012) and surgical guidelines. We searched PubMed for papers using the key words 'lymphadenectomy or D1 or D2' AND 'gastric cancer' from 2008 to 2012. Moreover, we reviewed national guidelines for gastric cancer management. The support to D2 lymphadenectomy increased progressively from 2008 to 2012: since 2010 papers supporting D2 have achieved a higher overall impact factor than the other papers. Till 2011, D2 was the procedure of choice according to experts' opinion, while three meta-analyses found no survival advantage after D2 with respect to D1. In 2012-2013, however, two meta-analyses reported that D2 improves prognosis with respect to D1. D2 lymphadenectomy was proposed as the standard of care for advanced gastric cancer by Japanese National Guidelines since 1981 and was adopted as the standard procedure by the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer since the Nineties. D2 is now indicated as the standard of surgical treatment with curative intent by the German, British and ESMO-ESSO-ESTRO guidelines. At variance American NCCN guidelines recommend a D1+ or a modified D2 lymph node dissection. In conclusion, D2 lymphadenectomy, originally developed by Eastern surgeons, is now becoming the procedure of choice also in the West. In gastric cancer surgery EBM is lagging behind national guidelines, rather than preceding and orienting them. To eliminate this lag, EBM should value to a larger extent Eastern Asian literature and should evaluate not only the quality of the study design but also the quality of surgical procedures. | Giuseppe Verlato Simone Giacopuzzi Maria Bencivenga Paolo Morgagni Giovanni De Manzoni | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 8 |
| 8 | Cutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C in the era of new antiviral agents显示文摘The association of chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection with a wide spectrum of cutaneous manifestations has been widely reported in the literature, with varying strength of epidemiological association. Skin diseases which are certainly related with chronic HCV infection due to a strong epidemiological and pathogenetic association are mixed cryoglobulinemia, lichen planus and porphyria cutanea tarda. Chronic pruritus and necrolytic acral erythema are conditions that may share a possible association with HCV infection, while several immune-mediated inflammatory skin conditions, such as psoriasis, chronic urticaria and vitiligo, have been only anecdotally reported in the setting of chronic HCV infection. Traditional interferonbased treatment regimens for HCV infection are associated with substantial toxicity and a high-risk of immune-related adverse events, while the advent of new direct-acting antivirals with sustained virological response and improved tolerability will open the door for all-oral, interferon-free regimens. In the new era of these direct acting antivirals there will be hopefully a renewed interest in extra-hepatic manifestations of HCV infection. The aim of the present paper is to review the main cutaneous HCV-related disorders- mixed cryoglobulinemia, lichen planus, porphyria cutanea tarda and chronic pruritus- and to discuss the potential impact of new antiviral treatments on the course of these extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection. | Simone Garcovich Matteo Garcovich Rodolfo Capizzi Antonio Gasbarrini Maria Assunta Zocco | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，27： | 5 |
| 9 | H pylori status and angiogenesis factors in human gastric carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To investigate H pylori expression in gastric cancer patients in relation to primary tumor angiogenic markers, such as microvessel density (MVD), thymidine phospho- rylase (TP), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGF-R1), p53 and circulating VEGF levels. METHODS: Angiogenic markers were analyzed immu- nohistochemically in 56 primary gastric cancers. H pylori cytotoxin (vacA) and the cytotoxin-associated gene (cagA) amplification were evaluated using PCR assay. Serum H pylori IgG antibodies and serum/plasma circulating VEGF levels were detected in 39 and 38 patients by ELI- SA, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 69% of patients were positive for circulating IgG antibodies against H pylori. cagA-positive H pylori strains were found in 41% of gastric patients. vacA was found in 50% of patients; s1 strains were more highly expressed among vacA-positive patients. The presence of the s1 strain was signifi cantly associ- ated with cagA (P = 0.0001). MVD was signifi cantly cor- related with both tumor VEGF expression (r = 0.361, P = 0.009) and serum VEGF levels (r = -0.347, P = 0.041).Conversely, neither VEGF-R1 expression nor MVD was related to p53 expression. However, H pylori was not related to any angiogenic markers except for the plasma VEGF level (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: H pylori antigen is related to higher plasma VEGF levels, but not to angiogenic character- istics. It can be hypothesized that the toxic effects of H pylori on angiogenesis occurs in early preclinical dis- ease phase or in long-lasting aggressive infections, but only when high H pylori IgG levels are persistent. | Anita Mangia Annalisa Chiriatti Girolamo Ranieri Ines Abbate Maria Coviello Giovanni Simone Francesco Alfredo Zito Severino Montemurro Antonello Rucci Alfredo Di Leo Stefania Tommasi Pasquale Berloco Jian Ming Xu Angelo Paradiso | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 5 |
| 10 | 沥青胶结料低温物理硬化及结晶动力学分析显示文摘为了准确模拟沥青胶结料的物理硬化过程及评估其物理硬化趋势,采用常规弯曲梁流变(BBR)试验设备对10种常用道路沥青进行了改进弯曲梁流变(EBBR)试验,并根据试验结果计算了低温等级损失指标;此外,在设计不同的低温恒温养护时间的基础上,测试了沥青蠕变劲度与蠕变劲度变化率,并采用Avrami等温结晶动力学理论对试验结果进行了拟合分析.结果表明:EBBR法较BBR法对沥青的低温性能区分精度更高;采用Avrami等温结晶动力学理论可较好地模拟沥青胶结料的物理硬化过程,拟合分析得到的Avrami指数与EBBR试验得到的低温等级损失值变化规律具有一致性;沥青胶结料低温物理硬化与结晶性能为评价沥青在实际工程中的低温抗开裂能力提供了更准确的信息. | 聂忆华 孙世恒 丁海波 HESP Adrianus Maria Simon | 2018 | 建筑材料学报2018，21，4： | 5 |
| 11 | Upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities are strongly predictive of treatment response in patients with achalasia显示文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities achalasia treatment METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 41 consecutive patients referred for high resolution esophageal manometry with a final manometric diagnosis of achalasia. Patients were sub-divided by presence or absence of Upper esophageal sphincter(UES) abnormality, and clinical and manometric profiles were compared.Correlation between UES abnormality and sub-type(i.e.,hypertensive, hypotensive or impaired relaxation) and a number of variables, including qualitative treatment response, achalasia sub-type, co-morbid medical illness,psychiatric illness, surgical history, dominant presentingsymptom, treatment type, age and gender were also evaluated.RESULTS: Among all 41 patients, 24(58.54%) had a UES abnormality present. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender or any other clinical or demographic profiles. Among those with UES abnormalities, the majority were either hypertensive(41.67%) or had impaired relaxation(37.5%) as compared to hypotensive(20.83%), although this did not reach statistical significance(P = 0.42). There was no specific association between treatment response and treatment type received; however, there was a significant association between UES abnormalities and treatment response. In patients with achalasia and concomitant UES abnormalities, 87.5% had poor treatment response, while only 12.5% had favorable response. In contrast, in patients with achalasia and no UES abnormalities, the majority(78.57%) had good treatment response, as compared to 21.43% with poor treatment response(P = 0.0001). After controlling for achalasia sub-type, those with UES abnormality had 26 times greater odds of poor treatment response than those with no UES abnormality(P = 0.009). Similarly, after controlling for treatment type, those with UES abnormality had 13.9 times greater odds of poor treatment response compared to those with no UES abnormality(P = 0.017).CONCLUSION: The presence of UES abnormalities in patients with achalasia significantly predicted poorer treatment response as compared to those with normal UES function. | Simon C Mathews Maria Ciarleglio Yamile Haito Chavez John O Clarke Ellen Stein Bani Chander Roland | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，9： | 5 |
| 12 | Overview of studies of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor system in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease in the world.NAFLD is known to be associated with obesity,type 2 diabetes,metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular events:for these reasons,it is becoming a global public health problem and represents an important challenge in terms of prevention and treatment.The mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of NAFLD are multiple and have not yet been completely unraveled;consequently,at moment there are not effective treatments.In the past few years a large body of evidence has been assembled that attributes an important role in hepatic aberrant fat accumulation,inflammation and fibrosis,to the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor(VD/VDR)axis,showing a strong association between hypovitaminosis D and the diagnosis of NAFLD.However,the data currently available,including clinical trials with VD supplementation,still provides a contrasting picture.The purpose of this editorial is to provide an overview of recent advances in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in relation to VD/VDR.Based on recent data from literature,we focused in particular on the hypothesis that VDR itself,independently from its traditional ligand VD,may have a crucial function in promoting hepatic fat accumulation.This might also offer new possibilities for future innovative therapeutic approaches in the management of NAFLD. | Flavia Agata Cimini Ilaria Barchetta Simone Carotti Sergio Morini Maria Gisella Cavallo | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2019，10，2： | 4 |
| 13 | Headache, anxiety and depressive disorders: the HADAS study显示文摘 | Ettore Beghi Gennaro Bussone Domenico D’Amico Pietro Cortelli Sabina Cevoli Gian Camillo Manzoni Paola Torelli Maria Clara Tonini Giovanni Allais Roberto Simone Florindo D’Onofrio Sergio Genco Franca Moschiano Massimiliano Beghi Sara Salvi | 2010 | The Journal of Headache and Pain2010，，2： | 3 |
| 14 | Intraoperative use of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in rectal cancer surgery: The state of the art显示文摘Indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence imaging is widely used in abdominal surgery.The implementation of minimally invasive rectal surgery using new methods like robotics or a transanal approach required improvement of optical systems.In that setting,ICG fluorescence optimizes intraoperative vision of anatomical structures by improving blood and lymphatic flow.The purpose of this review was to summarize all potential applications of this upcoming technology in rectal cancer surgery.Each type of use has been separately addressed and the evidence was investigated.During rectal resection,ICG fluorescence angiography is mainly used to evaluate the perfusion of the colonic stump in order to reduce the risk of anastomotic leaks.In addition,ICG fluorescence imaging allows easy visualization of organs such as the ureter or urethra to protect them from injury.This intraoperative technology is a valuable tool for conducting lymph node dissection along the iliac lymphatic chain or to better identifying the rectal dissection planes when a transanal approach is performed.This is an overview of the applications of ICG fluorescence imaging in current surgical practice and a synthesis of the results obtained from the literature.Although further studies are need to investigate the real clinical benefits,these findings may enhance use of ICG fluorescence in current clinical practice and stimulate future research on new applications. | Roberto Peltrini Mauro Podda Simone Castiglioni Maria Michela Di Nuzzo Michele D'Ambra Ruggero Lionetti Maurizio Sodo Gaetano Luglio Felice Mucilli Salomone Di Saverio Umberto Bracale Francesco Corcione | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，38： | 3 |
| 15 | Recurrence in node-negative advanced gastric cancer:Novel findings from an in-depth pathological analysis of prognostic factors from a multicentric series显示文摘AIM To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with both node-negative gastric carcinoma and diagnosis of recurrence during follow-up. METHODS We enrolled 41 patients treated with curative gastrectomy for p T2-4 a N0 gastric carcinoma between 1992 and 2010,who developed recurrence(Group 1). We retrospectively selected this group from the prospectively collected database of 4 centers belonging to the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer,and compared them with 437 p T2-4 a N0 patients without recurrence(Group 2). We analyzed lymphatic embolization,microvascular infiltration,perineural infiltration,and immunohistochemical determination of p53,Ki67,and HER2 in Group 1 and in a subgroup of Group 2(Group 2 bis) of 41 cases matched with Group 1 according to demographic and pathological characteristics. RESULTS T4 a stage and diffuse histotype were associated with recurrence in the group of p N0 patients. In-depth pathological analysis of two homogenous groups of p N0 patients,with and without recurrence during longterm follow-up(groups 1 and 2 bis),revealed two striking patterns: lymphatic embolization and perineural infiltration(two parameters that pathologists can easily report),and p53 and Ki67,represent significant factors for recurrence.CONCLUSION The reported pathological features should be considered predictive factors for recurrence and could be useful to stratify node-negative gastric cancer patients for adjuvant treatment and tailored follow-up. | Gian Luca Baiocchi Sarah Molfino Carla Baronchelli Simone Giacopuzzi Daniele Marrelli Paolo Morgagni Maria Bencivenga Luca Saragoni Carla Vindigni Nazario Portolani Maristella Botticini Giovanni De Manzoni | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，45： | 3 |
| 16 | Heterogeneity across the murine small and large intestine显示文摘The small and large intestine of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT) have evolved to have discrete functions with distinct anatomies and immune cell composition.The importance of these differences is underlined when considering that different pathogens have uniquely adapted to live in each region of the gut.Furthermore,different regions of the GIT are also associated with differences in susceptibility to diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammation.The large and small intestine,given their anatomical and functional differences,should be seen as two separate immunological sites.However,this distinction is often ignored with findings from one area of the GIT being inappropriately extrapolated to the other.Focussing largely on the murine small and large intestine,this review addresses the literature relating to the immunology and biology of the two sites,drawing comparisons between them and clarifying similarities and differences.We also highlight the gaps in our understanding and where further research is needed. | Rowann Bowcutt Ruth Forman Maria Glymenaki Simon Richard Carding Kathryn Jane Else Sheena Margaret Cruickshank | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，41： | 2 |
| 17 | Low-level laser therapy enhances the number of osteocytes in calvaria bone defects of ovariectomized rats显示文摘Background : Osteoporosis can make bone repair difficult. Low-level laser therapy( LLLT) has been shown to be a promising tool for bone neoformation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of LLLT on calvaria bone defects of ovariectomized rats using stereology. Methods : Fifty-four Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, and bone defects were created in calvaria after 150 days. The animals were divided into nine groups(n = ?6 per group), and 24 hours after the bone defects were created they received three, six or 12 sessions of LLLT at 0, 20 or 30 J/cm 2, using a 780-nm low-intensity GaAlAs laser. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey ' s post hoc test was used for data processing. A difference of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The parameters evaluated were osteocyte density( Nv_(ost)), total osteocyte number( Nto ost), trabecular surface density( Sv_t), and trabecular surface area( Sa_t). Results : Data obtained showed that Nto ost, Sv t, and Sa t in group G2 rats were significantly different from G1(0 J/cm^2)( P < 0.05). Compared to group G4, G5 presented higher values for the parameters Sv t and Sa t, and G6 presented significantly higher values for almost all the analyzed parameters( Nv _(ost), Nto_(ost), Sv_t, and Sa t)( P < 0.05). Compared to group G7, G8 showed a higher value only for the parameter Sa t, and G9 showed significantly higher values for parameters Nv ost, Nto ost, Sv_t, and Sa_t. Conclusion : We conclude that LLLT stimulated bone neoformation and contributed to an increase in the total number of osteocytes, especially with a laser energy density of 30 J/cm^2 given for six and 12 sessions. | Priscilla Hakime Scalize Luiz Gustavo de Sousa Lígia Maria Napolitano Goncalves Dimitrius Leonardo Pitol Marcelo Palinkas Antonio Augusto Coppi Mariah Acioli Righeti Vitória Ricardo Karina Fittipaldi Bombonato-Prado Simone Cecílio Hallak Regalo Selma Siessere | 2019 | Animal Models and Experimental Medicine2019，2，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Ten years of hip fractures in Italy: For the first time a decreasing trend in elderly women显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the hospitalization rate of femoralneck fractures in the elderly Italian population over ten years.METHODS:We analyzed national hospitalizations records collected at central level by the Ministry of Health from 2000 to 2009.Age-and sex-specific rates of fractures occurred at femoral neck in people≥65 years old.We performed a sub-analysis over a three-year period(2007-2009),presenting data per five-year age groups,in order to evaluate the incidence of the hip fracture in the oldest population.RESULTS:We estimated a total of 839008 hospitalizations due to femoral neck fractures between 2000 and2009 in people≥65,with an overall increase of 29.8%over 10 years.The incidence per 10000 inhabitants remarkably increased in people≥75,passing from158.5 to 166.8(+5.2%)and from 72.6 to 77.5(+6.8%)over the ten-year period in women and men,respectively.The oldest age group(people>85 years old)accounted for more than 42%of total hospital admissions in 2009(n=39000),despite representing only 2.5%of the Italian population.Particularly,women aged>85accounted for 30.8%of total fractures,although they represented just 1.8%of the general population.The results of this analysis indicate that the incidence of hip fractures progressively increased from 2000 to 2009,but a reduction can be observed for the first time in women≤75(-7.9%between 2004 and 2009).CONCLUSION:Incidence of hip fractures in Italy are continuously increasing,although women aged 65-74years old started showing a decreasing trend. | Prisco Piscitelli Maurizio Feola Cecilia Rao Monica Celi Elena Gasbarra Cosimo Neglia Giuseppe Quarta Federico Maria Liuni Simone Parri Giovanni Iolascon Maria Luisa Brandi Alessandro Distante Umberto Tarantino | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 2 |
| 19 | Bimanual microincision cataract surgery with implantation of the new Incise~? MJ14 intraocular lens through a 1.4 mm incision显示文摘AIM: To analyze the visual outcomes and the posterior capsule opacification(PCO) with the new Incise? MJ14 intraocular lens(IOL) implanted through a 1.4 mm clear corneal incision(CCI) in patients who underwent bimanual microincision cataract surgery(B-MICS). METHODS: Eighty eyes which underwent cataract surgery using B-MICS technique performed by the same experienced surgeon were included in the study: 40 eyes were implanted with an Incise? MJ14 IOL through a 1.4 mm CCI(group A)without enlargement of the main CCI, while 40 eyes were implanted with an Akreos? MI60 IOL with enlargement of the main CCI to 1.8 mm(group B). Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), astigmatism and endothelial cell loss were evaluated before and after surgery at 7, 30 d and 6 mo.Anterior segment-optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT) of CCI was performed at 1, 3, 7, 30 d, 6 and 18 mo. PCO incidence was evaluated at 18 mo using EPCO 2000 Software. RESULTS: Mean BCVA improvement and endothelial cell loss were statistically significant at 18 mo in both groups with no difference between the two groups; no statistically significant difference in surgically induced astigmatism(SIA) was noticed in the two groups. At AS-OCT the only significant alterations in the CCI were endothelial gaping and local detachment of Descemet's membrane at 1 and 7 d after surgery; no statistically significant alterations were found at 1, 6 and 18 mo. PCO score at 18 mo was 0.03±0.07 for group A and 0.08±0.18 for group B(P=0.11) with no sign of central optic plate invasion in both groups.CONCLUSION: The implant of the new Incise? MJ14 IOL through a 1.4 mm CCI and B-MICS technique appeared to be a safe and effective procedure with rapid visual recovery. PCO rate resulted very low and the CCI presented few morphological alterations which were only detectable in the first days postoperatively and achieved fast corneal healing during the long-term follow-up. | Gian Maria Cavallini Tommaso Verdina Michele De Maria Elisa Fornasari Giulio Torlai Veronica Volante Simone Donati Carlo Cagini | 2017 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2017，10，11： | 2 |
| 20 | Challenges in the diagnosis of intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B:A look beyond the number of ganglion cells显示文摘Intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B(IND-B)is a controversial condition among gastrointestinal neuromuscular disorders.Constipation is its most common clinical manifestation in patients.Despite intense scientific research,there are still knowledge gaps regarding the diagnostic criteria for IND-B in the histopathological analysis of rectal biopsies.The guidelines published in the past three decades have directed diagnostic criteria for quantifying the number of ganglion cells in the nervous plexus of the enteric nervous system.However,it is very complex to distinguish numerically what is pathological from what is normal,mainly because of the difficulty in determining a reliable control group composed of healthy children without intestinal symptoms.Thus,a series of immunohistochemical markers have been proposed to assist in the histopathological analysis of the enteric nervous system.Several of these markers facilitate the identification of other structures of the enteric nervous system,in addition to ganglion cells.These structures may be related to the etiopathogenesis of IND-B and represent new possibilities for the histopathological diagnosis of this disease,providing a view beyond the number of ganglion cells.This review critically discusses the aspects related to the disease definitions and diagnostic criteria of this organic cause of constipation. | Simone Antunes Terra Anderson Cesar Gonçalves Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda Lourenção Maria Aparecida Marchesan Rodrigues | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，44： | 2 |
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