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| 1 | Sporadic versus hereditary gastrinomas of the duodenum and pancreas: Distinct clinico-pathological and epidemiological features显示文摘Gastrinomas are defined as gastrin secreting tumors that are associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). ZES is characterized by elevated fasting gastrin serum levels, positive secretin stimulation test and clinical symptoms such as recurrent peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal re?ux disease and occasional diarrhea. Genetically, nonhereditary (sporadic) gastrinomas are distinguished from hereditary gastrinomas, which are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. In general, duodenal gastrinomas are small and solitary if they are sporadic and multiple as well as hereditary. The sporadic gastrinomas occur in the duodenum or in the pancreas while the hereditary gastrinomas almost all occur in the duodenum. Our series of 77 sporadic duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) includes 18 patients (23.4%) with gastrinomas and ZES. Of 535 sporadic NETs in the pancreas collected from the NET archives of the departments of pathology in Zürich, Switzerland, and Kiel, Germany, 24 patients (4.5%) suffered from sporadic pancreatic gastrinomas and ZES. These NETs have to be distinguished fromtumors with immunohistochemical positivity for gastrin but without evidence of ZES. An additional 19 patients suffered from MEN1 and ZES. These patients showed exclusively duodenal gastrinomas, but not pancreatic gastrinomas. The prognosis of sporadic and MEN1- associated duodenal gastrinomas is better than that of pancreatic gastrinomas, since they progress slowly to liver metastasis. In summary, sporadic and MEN1- associated gastrinomas in the duodenum and pancreas show different clinico-pathological and genetic features. The incidence of sporadic duodenal gastrin-producing tumors is increasing, possibly due to optimized diagnostic procedures. In contrast, pancreatic MEN1- associated gastrinomas seem to be extremely rare. A considerable subset of tumors with immunohistochemical expression of gastrin but without evidence of ZES should be designated as functionally inactive NETs expressing gastrin, but not as gastrinomas. | Martin Anlauf Nele Garbrecht Tobias Henopp Anja Schmitt Regina Schlenger Andreas Raffel Markus Krausch Oliver Gimm Claus F Eisenberger Wolfram T Knoefel Henning Dralle Paul Komminoth Philipp U Heitz Aurel Perren Günter Klppel | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 7 |
| 2 | Comparison of pyruvate uptake by embryos derived from conception and non-conception natural cycles显示文摘 | Turner K Martin KL Woodward BJ | 1994 | Hum Reprod1994，9，12： | 1 |
| 3 | Limitations of flow cytometry for the specific detection of bacteria in mixed population显示文摘 | Phillips AP Martin KL | 1988 | J Immunol methods1988，106，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Triiodothyronine stimulates food intake via the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus independent of changes in energy expenditure显示文摘 | Kong WM Martin NM Smith KL | 2004 | Endocrinology2004，145，11： | 1 |
| 5 | A review of the relationship between dysphagia and malnutrition following stroke显示文摘 | Foley NC Martin RE Salter KL | 2009 | J Rehabil Med2009，41，： | 1 |
| 6 | Heparinbinding epidermal growth factor significantly improves human blastocyst development and hatching in serumfree medium显示文摘 | Martin KL Barlow DH Sargent IL | 1998 | Hum Repord1998，13，： | 1 |
| 7 | Novel effects of nitric oxide显示文摘 | Davis KL Martin E TurkoⅣ | 2001 | Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol2001，41，： | 1 |
| 8 | Current drug targets for Alzheimer's disease treatment显示文摘 | Debomoy KL Martin R Farlow NH | 2002 | Drug Dev Res2002，56，： | 1 |
| 9 | Current drug targets for Alzheimer's disease treatment显示文摘 | Debomoy KL Martin R Farlow NH | 2002 | Drug Dev Res2002，56，： | 1 |
| 10 | Endocrine Precursor Lesions of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors显示文摘 | Günter Kl?ppel Martin Anlauf Aurel Perren | 2007 | Endocrine Pathology2007，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Resting energy expend- iture and body mass changes in women during adjuvant chemother- apy for breast cancer显示文摘 | Campbell KL Lane K Martin AD | 2007 | Cancer Nurs2007，30，2： | 1 |
| 12 | A Reviwe of the Rela- tionship between Dysphagia and Malnutrition following Stroke 显示文摘 | Foley NC Martin RE Salter KL | 2009 | J Rehabil Med2009，41，9： | 1 |
| 13 | A review of the relationship between dysphagia and malnutrition following stroke 显示文摘 | Foley NC Martin RE Salter KL | 2009 | J Rehabil Med2009，41，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Apoptosis has a prolonged role in the neurodegeneration after hypoxic ischemia in the newborn rat 显示文摘 | Nakajima W Ishida A Lange MS Gabrielson KL Wilson MA Martin LJ | 2000 | J Neurosci2000，20，21： | 1 |
| 15 | Design of an engineered N-terminal HIV-1 gp41 trimer with enhanced stability and poten- cy显示文摘 | Dwyer JJ Wilson KL Martin K | 2008 | Protein Sci2008，17，4： | 1 |
| 16 | In-channel electrochemical detection for microchip capillary electrophoresis using an electrically isolated potentiostat显示文摘 | Martin RS Ratzlaff KL Huynh BH | 2002 | Analyst2002，74，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Human preimplantation development in vitro is not adversely affected by biopsy at the8 -cell tage显示文摘 | Hardy K Martin KL Leese HJ | 1990 | Hum Reprod1990，5，6： | 1 |
| 18 | 显示文摘 | Lopes HF Martin KL Nashar K | 2003 | Hypertension2003，41，： | 1 |
| 19 | A review of the relationship between dysphagia and malnutrition following stroke 显示文摘 | Foley NC Martin RE Salter KL | 2009 | J aehabil Med2009，41，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Thermophilic ethanologenesis: future prospects for second-generation bioethanol production显示文摘 | Taylor MP Eley KL Martin S | 2009 | Trends in Biotechnology2009，27，7： | 1 |
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