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| 1 | Current clinical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor显示文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) are the most common malignant subepithelial lesions(SELs) of the gastrointestinal tract. They originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal located within the muscle layer and are characterized by over-expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT. Pathologically, diagnosis of a GIST relies on morphology and immunohistochemistry [KIT and/or discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumor 1(DOG1) is generally positive]. The prognosis of this disease is associated with the tumor size and mitotic index. The standard treatment of a GIST without metastasis is surgical resection. A GIST with metastasis is usually only treated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors without radical cure; thus, early diagnosis is the only way to improve its prognosis. However, a GIST is usually detected as a SEL during endoscopy, and many benign and malignant conditions may manifest as SELs. Conventional endoscopic biopsy is difficult for tumors without ulceration. Most SELs have therefore been managed without a histological diagnosis. However, a favorable prognosis of a GIST is associated with early histological diagnosis and R0 resection. Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration(EUSFNA) are critical for an accurate diagnosis of SELs. EUSFNA is safe and effective in enabling an early histological diagnosis and adequate treatment. This review outlines the current evidence for the diagnosis and management of GISTs, with an emphasis on early management of small SELs. | Kazuya Akahoshi Masafumi Oya Tadashi Koga Yuki Shiratsuchi | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，26： | 70 |
| 2 | Preoperative diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration显示文摘瞄准:在胃肠的基质肿瘤(大意) 的外科手术前的诊断评估内视镜的指导 ultrasonography 的好针渴望(EUS-FNA ) 的角色。方法:从 2002 年 9 月到 2006 年 6 月,有到合适的肌肉层的连续性的上皮的低亚硫酸钠拟声肿瘤由标准 EUS 作为大意怀疑了的官方补给的道潜水艇的 53 连续 EUS-FNAs 有希望地被评估。为最后的诊断的参考标准是外科(n = 31 ) ,或临床的后续(n = 22 ) 。另外,标本的免疫 phenotyping 由 EUS-FNA 获得了,外科的切除术标本被比较。结果:因为解剖问题,没在 2 情况刺被执行。从官方补给的道的足够的标本的收集率与连续性代替上皮的低亚硫酸钠拟声肿瘤到合适的肌肉层是 82%(42/51 ) 。为肿瘤的诊断的率不到 2 厘米, 2 ~ 4 厘米,和 4 厘米或更多是 71%(15/21 ) , 86%(18/21 ) ,并且 100%(9/9 ) 分别地。在 29 通过手术用免疫的 EUS-FNA 的 resected 盒子,敏感,特性,积极预兆的价值,否定预兆的价值,和诊断精确性大意的组织化学的分析是100%( 24/24 ),80%( 4/5 ),96%( 24/25 ),100%( 4/4 ),并且97%( 28/29 )分别地。没有主要复杂并发症被遇到。结论:有免疫的 EUS-FNA 组织化学的分析是在大意的 prethera-peutic 诊断的一个安全、精确的方法。它应该在决策被考虑,特别在跟随为大意的最小的侵略外科的早诊断。 | Kazuya Akahoshi Yorinobu Sumida Noriaki Matsui Masafumi Oya Rie Akinaga Masaru Kubokawa Yasuaki Motomura Kuniomi Honda Masayuki Watanabe Takashi Nagaie | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，14： | 34 |
| 3 | Multicenter study of endoscopic preoperative biliary drainage for malignant distal biliary obstruction显示文摘AIM: To determine the optimal method of endoscopic preoperative biliary drainage for malignant distal biliary obstruction.METHODS: Multicenter retrospective study was conducted in patients who underwent plastic stent(PS) or nasobiliary catheter(NBC) placement for resectable malignant distal biliary obstruction followed by surgery between January 2010 and March 2012. Procedurerelated adverse events, stent/catheter dysfunction(occlusion or migration of PS/NBC, developmentof cholangitis, or other conditions that required repeat endoscopic biliary intervention), and jaundice resolution(bilirubin level < 3.0 mg/d L) were evaluated. Cumulative incidence of jaundice resolution and dysfunction of PS/NBC were estimated using competing risk analysis. Patient characteristics and preoperative biliary drainage were also evaluated for association with the time to jaundice resolution and PS/NBC dysfunction using competing risk regression analysis.RESULTS: In total, 419 patients were included in the study(PS, 253 and NBC, 166). Primary cancers included pancreatic cancer in 194 patients(46%), bile duct cancer in 172(41%), gallbladder cancer in three(1%), and ampullary cancer in 50(12%). The median serum total bilirubin was 7.8 mg/d L and 324 patients(77%) had ≥ 3.0 mg/d L. During the median time to surgery of 29 d [interquartile range(IQR), 30-39 d]. PS/NBC dysfunction rate was 35% for PS and 18% for NBC [Subdistribution hazard ratio(SHR) = 4.76; 95%CI: 2.44-10.0, P < 0.001]; the pig-tailed tip was a risk factor for PS dysfunction. Jaundice resolution was achieved in 85% of patients and did not depend on the drainage method(PS or NBC).CONCLUSION: PS has insufficient patency for preoperative biliary drainage. Given the drawbacks of external drainage via NBC, an alternative method of internal drainage should be explored. | Naoki Sasahira Tsuyoshi Hamada Osamu Togawa Ryuichi Yamamoto Tomohisa Iwai Kiichi Tamada Yoshiaki Kawaguchi Kenji Shimura Takero Koike Yu Yoshida Kazuya Sugimori Shomei Ryozawa Toshiharu Kakimoto Ko Nishikawa Katsuya Kitamura Tsunao Imamura Masafumi Mizuide Nobuo Toda Iruru Maetani Yuji Sakai Takao Itoi Masatsugu Nagahama Yousuke Nakai Hiroyuki Isayama | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，14： | 18 |
| 4 | Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features显示文摘瞄准:否则作为极其区分得好的腺癌(EWDA ) 知道,子宫的宫颈的最小的偏差癌被它的良性的显微镜的外观与它的好攻击的行为相对照描绘。以便阐明 clinicopathological 特征和 EWDA 的胃的对应物的生物行为,用免疫组织化学,我们为联系 oncogene 的产品的表型的表示,增生的活动,和表示分析了九损害。方法:包括外科手术前的活体检视诊断, Clinicopathological 特征被考察。用免疫组织化学,在胃的损害把 p53 和 c-erbB-2 蛋白质的索引和表示标记的 Ki-67 被检测。结果:在中间的地点或上面第三个胃和水虫息似的宏观的特征胃的 EWDA 是特征的。尽管 9 损害中的 4 个显示出仅仅焦点的淋巴或静脉的侵略,淋巴节点转移不是现在,任何一个都没损害死于病人(吝啬的后续时期, 56 瞬间) 。EWDA 的所有 9 个盒子能被分类进胃的显型(5 损害) 和肠的显型(4 损害) 。以前的类似于的胃的小凹的上皮,颈部粘液细胞或幽门的腺,而是他们的乳突的结构经常被伸长,肿瘤房间和他们的原子核稍微更大并且更亢奋与正常上皮相比色彩。后者与最小的原子非典型和不规则的腺类似于肠的组织变形;二这些损害表明了完全的肠的显型,当二表明了不完全的肠的显型时。把索引标记的 Ki-67 是低的,任何一个都没盒子揭示 p53 和 c-erbB-2 蛋白质的在表示上。结论:不同于宫颈的最小的偏差癌,这些调查结果建议胃的 EWDA 是低档恶意的损害。这有利生物行为被把索引和 p53 或 c-erbB-2 蛋白质在表示上的缺乏标记的低 Ki-67 的数据支持。因为它到有肠的组织变形的正常胃粘膜或粘膜的相似, EWDA 经常被误诊。阻止如此的损害的错误诊断,临床、病理学的特征应该被考虑。 | Takashi Yao Takashi Utsunomiya Masafumi Oya Kenichi Nishiyama Masazumi Tsuneyoshi | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，16： | 16 |
| 5 | Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach:How to manage?显示文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is one of the most common malignant mesenchymal tumors of the stomach. Prognosis of this disease is related to tumor size and mitotic activity and early diagnosis is the only way to improve it.Diagnosis of GIST always requires histological and immunohistochemical confirmation as no imaging modalities can diagnose it conclusively.Endoscopic forceps biopsy results are frequently negative. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle asp- iration (EUS-FNA) is a technique which allows tissue samples to be obtained with minimal risks and is accurate in the diagnosis of GIST. From the point of view of the endoscopist, aggressive use of EUS-FNA is the only promising way to allow early diagnosis and early treatment of this disease. | Kazuya Akahoshi Masafumi Oya | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，8： | 16 |
| 6 | Intraductal neoplasm of the intrahepatic bile duct: Clinicopathological study of 24 cases显示文摘AIM: To investigate the clinicopathological features of intraductal neoplasm of the intrahepatic bile duct (INihB). METHODS: Clinicopathological features of 24 cases of INihB, which were previously diagnosed as biliary papillomatosis or intraductal growth of intrahepatic biliary neoplasm, were reviewed. Mucin immunohistochemistry was performed for mucin (MUC)1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6. Ki-67, P53 and β-catenin immunoreactivity were also examined. We categorized each tumor as adenoma (low grade), borderline (intermediate grade), and malignant (carcinoma in situ , high grade including tumors with microinvasion). RESULTS: Among 24 cases of INihB, we identified 24 tumors. Twenty of 24 tumors (83%) were composed of a papillary structure; the same feature observed in intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB). In contrast, the remaining four tumors (17%) showed both tubular and papillary structures. In three of the four tumors (75%), macroscopic mucin secretion was limited but microscopic intracellular mucin was evident. Histologically, 16 tumors (67%) were malignant, three (12%) were borderline, and five (21%) were adenoma. Microinvasion was found in four cases (17%). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MUC1 was not expressed in the borderline/adenoma group but was expressed only in malignant lesions (P = 0.0095). Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was significantly higher in the malignant group than in the borderline/adenoma group (22.2 ± 15.5 vs 7.5 ± 6.3, P < 0.01). In the 16 malignant cases, expression of MUC5AC showed borderline significant association with high Ki-67 LI (P = 0.0622). Nuclear expression of β-catenin was observed in two (8%) of the 24 tumors, and these two tumors also showed MUC1 expression. P53 was negative in all tumors. CONCLUSION: Some cases of INihB have a tubular structure, and are subcategorized as IPNB with tubular structure. MUC1 expression in INihB correlates positively with degree of malignancy. | Yoshiki Naito Hironori Kusano Osamu Nakashima Eiji Sadashima Satoshi Hattori Tomoki Taira Akihiko Kawahara Yoshinobu Okabe Kazuhide Shimamatsu Jun Taguchi Seiya Momosaki Koji Irie Rin Yamaguchi Hiroshi Yokomizo Michiko Nagamine Seiji Fukuda Shinichi Sugiyama Naoyo Nishida Koichi Higaki Munehiro Yoshitomi Masafumi Yasunaga Koji Okuda Hisafumi Kinoshita Masayoshi Kage Masamichi Nakayama Makiko Yasumoto Jun Akiba Hirohisa Yano | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，28： | 16 |
| 7 | 含有开关参数化物理过程的模式变分资料同化的非光滑优化方法:几个理论问题显示文摘时间、空间上离散的模式如果含有带开关的参数化物理过程,某些对应的变分同化问题可以看成为非光滑优化问题.本文系统地讨论了与此相关的几个理论问题.首先,利用次梯度这个非光滑优化中的基本概念可以对通常的伴随方程的解进行清楚的解释和定义.利用一个带对流调整的多层扩散模式,演示了通常的伴随方程的解在奇异点处不是由代价函数的Gateaux导数构成,而是代价函数的一个次梯度.其次,在非光滑优化的框架下对现有的解决这类问题的方法进行了评述.这些方法包括:(1)利用光滑优化方法和通常的伴随模式,并且讨论了这个方法的收敛条件;(2)正则化方法.这个方法是把模式中不光滑的项用光滑的项近似,以把问题变为光滑优化问题.(3)次梯度方法.这个方法利用通常的伴随模式来计算一个次梯度,是收敛的算法,不过收敛速度很慢.(4)非光滑优化中的Bundle方法.这个方法比次梯度方法收敛得快,不过需要利用所有的次梯度信息.由于计算所有的次梯度十分困难,现有的Bundle方法大都进行了一些改变,仅需要用户能够计算出一个次梯度.不过这个改变是无奈的,多个次梯度的信息可以提高Bundle方法的效率.本文最主要的工作是提出了集值伴随方程的概念.集值伴随模式可以在奇异点处计算出所有支撑次梯度,因此利用集值伴随方程有可能提出基于Bundle方法的更好算法. | 朱江 Masafumi Kamachi 周广庆 | 2002 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2002，19，3： | 14 |
| 8 | Liver fibrosis markers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of themajor causes of chronic liver injury. NAFLD includes a wide range of clinical conditions from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis. The histological findings of NASH indicate hepatic steatosis and inflammation with characteristic hepatocyte injury(e.g., ballooning degeneration), as is observed in the patients with alcoholic liver disease. NASH is considered to be a potentially health-threatening disease that can progress to cirrhosis. A liver biopsy remains the most reliable diagnostic method to appropriately diagnose NASH, evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis, and determine the prognosis and optimal treatment. However, this invasive technique is associated with several limitations in routine use, and a number of biomarkers have been developed in order to predict the degree of liver fibrosis. In the present article, we review the current status of noninvasive biomarkers available to estimate liver fibrosis in the patients with NASH. We also discuss our recent findings on the use of the glycated albuminto-glycated hemoglobin ratio, which is a new index that correlates to various chronic liver diseases, including NASH. | Hirayuki Enomoto Yukihiro Bando Hideji Nakamura Shuhei Nishiguchi Masafumi Koga | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，24： | 12 |
| 9 | Hypertriglyceridemia is positively correlated with the development of colorectal tubular adenoma in Japanese men显示文摘瞄准:决定在浆液类脂化合物层次和结肠的息肉形成之间的真实协会。方法:我们执行了大规模分析在表面的腺瘤或癌和禁食浆液在为为结肠癌屏蔽经历了全部的结肠镜检查的病人全部的胆固醇(TC ) 和 triglycerides (TG ) 铺平的肤色的发生之间的关联的回顾的学习。结果:没有任何肿瘤的损害,两水平显著地作为与病人相比与腺瘤在病人被提高(TC 207.6+/-29.5 对 199.5+/-34.3, n=4883, P<0.001;TG 135.0+/-82.2 对 108.7+/-71.5, n=4874, P<0.001 ) 。差别在有管状腺瘤然而并非在那些与的病人是重要的覆有一层绒毛或 serrated 腺瘤。包括年龄和性别的多重逻辑回归分析表明 TG 是在男性(P<0.01 ) ,然而并非在女病人的一个独立关联因素。在有侵略的癌的病人的 TG 的水平没与腺瘤在病人从那显示出重要举起。这些调查结果建议 hypertriglyceridemia 是为在人的结肠的腺瘤的一个独立风险因素。结论:尽管浆液甘油三酸酯的高水平不看起来机械地涉及癌的发展,有全部的结肠镜检查的浆液 TG 和集中的监视的减小可以与 hypertriglyceridemia 在人有利益。 | Masafumi Tabuchi Joji Kitayama Hirokazu Nagawa | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，8： | 11 |
| 10 | Diagnosis of mild chronic pancreatitis (Cambridge classification):Comparative study using secretin injection-magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography显示文摘AIM:To investigate the usefulness of secretin injection-MRCP for the diagnosis of mild chronic pancreatitis. METHODS:Sixteen patients having mild chronic pancreatitis according to the Cambridge classification and 12 control subjects with no abnormal findings on the pancreatogram were examined for the diagnostic accuracy of secretin injection-MRCP regarding abnormal branch pancreatic ducts associated with mild chronic pancreatitis (Cambridge Classification), using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for comparison. RESULTS:The sensitivity and specificity for abnormal branch pancreatic ducts determined by two reviewers were respectively 55%-63% and 75%-83% in the head, 57%-64% and 82%-83% in the body, and 44%-44% and 72%-76% in the tail of the pancreas. The sensitivity and specificity for mild chronic pancreatitis were 56%-63% and 92%-92%, respectively. Interobserver agreement (κ statistics) concerning the diagnosis of an abnormal branch pancreatic duct and of mild chronic pancreatitis was good to excellent. CONCLUSION:Secretin injection-MRCP might be useful for the diagnosis of mild chronic pancreatitis. | Masafumi Suyama Yoshihiro Kubokawa Sumio Watanabe | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，8： | 11 |
| 11 | Characteristics of non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease refractory to proton pump inhibitor therapy显示文摘AIM:To investigate whether potent acid inhibition is effective in non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) refractory to standard rabeprazole (RPZ) treatment. METHODS:We treated 10 Japanese patients with NERD resistant to standard dosages of RPZ:10 mg or 20 mg od,20 mg bid,or 10 mg qid for 14 d. All patients completed a frequency scale for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG); and underwent 24 h pH monitoring on day 14. RESULTS:With increased dosages and frequency of administration of RPZ,median intragastric pH significantly increased,and FSSG scores significantly decreased. With RPZ 10 mg qid,potent acid inhibition was attained throughout 24 h. However,five subjects were refractory to RPZ 10 mg qid,although the median intragastric pH in these subjects (6.6,range:6.2-7.1) was similar to that in the remaining five responsive subjects (6.5,range:5.3-7.3). With baseline RPZ 10 mg od,FSSG scores in responsive patients improved by > 30%,whereas there was no significant decrease in the resistant group. CONCLUSION:NERD patients whose FSSG score fails to decrease by > 30% after treatment with RPZ 10 mg od for 14 d are refractory to higher dosage. | Mitsushige Sugimoto Masafumi Nishino Chise Kodaira Mihoko Yamade Takahiro Uotani Mutsuhiro Ikuma Kazuo Umemura Takahisa Furuta | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，14： | 10 |
| 12 | Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by microscopic portal vein invasion显示文摘AIM:To investigate the prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accompanied by microscopic portal vein invasion(PVI).METHODS:Of the 267 patients with HCC undergoing hepatic resection at Aso Iizuka Hospital,71 had PVI.After excluding 16 patients with HCC that invaded the main trunk and the first and second branches of the portal vein,55 patients with microscopic PVI were enrolled.RESULTS:The patients with HCC accompanied by microscopic invasion were divided into two groups:solitary PVI(PVI-S:n = 44),and multiple PVIs(PVI-M:n = 11).The number of portal vein branches invaded by tumor thrombi was 5.4 ± 3.8(2-16) in patients with PVI-M.In cumulative survival,PVI-M was found to be a significantly poor prognostic factor(P = 0.0019);while PVI-M and non-anatomical resection were significantly poor prognostic factors in disease-free survival(P = 0.0213,and 0.0115,respectively).In patients with PVI-M,multiple intrahepatic recurrence was more common than in the patients with PVI-S(P = 0.0049).In patients with PVI-S,non-anatomical resection was a significantly poor prognostic factor in disease-free survival(P = 0.0370).Operative procedure was not a significant prognostic factor in patients with PVI-M.CONCLUSION:The presence of PVI-M was a poor prognostic factor in patients with HCC,accompanied by microscopic PVI.Anatomical resection is recommended in these patients with HCC.Patients with HCC and PVI-M may also be good candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. | Ken Shirabe Kiyoshi Kajiyama Norifumi Harimoto Hideaki Masumoto Tatsuro Fukuya Masafumi Ooya Yoshihiko Maehara | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，21： | 10 |
| 13 | Bone status assessment in Japanese subjects using speed of sound along the tibia | Nobuyuki Miyatake Hiroko Muta Chigusa Murota Mari Haga Masafumi Fujii | 2002 | Chinese Medical Journal2002，，2： | 9 |
| 14 | Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: Recent technical advances for safe and successful procedures显示文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is very useful in en bloc resection of large superficial colorectal tumors but is a technically difficult procedure because the colonic wall is thin and endoscopic maneuverability is poor because of colonic flexure and extensibility. A high risk of perforation has been reported in colorectal ESD. To prevent complications such as perforation and unexpected bleeding, it is crucial to ensure good visualization of the submucosal layer by creating a mucosal flap, which is an exfoliated mucosa for inserting the tip of the endoscope under it. The creation of a mucosal flap is often technically difficult; however, various types of equipment, appropriate strategy, and novel procedures including our clip-flap method, appear to facilitate mucosal flap creation, improving the safety and success rate of ESD. Favorable treatment outcomes with colorectal ESD have already been reported in many advanced institutions, and appropriate understanding of techniques and development of training systems are required for world-wide standardization of colorectal ESD. Here, we describe recent technical advances for safe and successful colorectal ESD. | Katsumi Yamamoto Tomoki Michida Tsutomu Nishida Shiro Hayashi Masafumi Naito Toshifumi Ito | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，14： | 9 |
| 15 | 为用离合器切割器的食道的小粒的房间肿瘤的内视镜的 submucosal 解剖显示文摘 Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with a knife is a technically demanding procedure associated with a high complication rate.The shortcomings of this method are the deficiencies of fixing the knife to the target lesion,and of compressing it.These shortcomings can lead to major complications such as perforation and bleeding.To reduce the risk of complications related to ESD,we developed a new grasping type scissors forceps (Clutch Cutter,Fujifilm,Japan) which can grasp and incise the targeted tissue using an electrosurgical current.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy on a 59-year-old Japanese man revealed a 16mm esophageal submucosal nodule with central depression.Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a hypoechoic solid tumor limited to the submucosa without lymph node involvement.The histologic diagnosis of the specimen obtained by biopsy was granular cell tumor.It was safely and accurately resected without unexpected incision by ESD using the CC.No delayed hemorrhage or perforation occurred.Histological examination confirmed that the granular cell tumor was completely excised with negative resection margin.We report herein a case of esophageal granular cell tumor successfully treated by an ESD technique using the CC. | Keishi Komori Kazuya Akahoshi Yoshimasa Tanaka Yasuaki Motomura Masaru Kubokawa Soichi Itaba Terumasa Hisano Takashi Osoegawa Naotaka Nakama Risa Iwao Masafumi Oya Kazuhiko Nakamura | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，4，1： | 8 |
| 16 | Indicators of glycemic control in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant women with diabetes mellitus显示文摘Recently, it has become clear that mild abnormal glucose tolerance increases the incidence of perinatal maternalinfant complications, and so the definition and diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) have been changed. Therefore, in patients with GDM and pregnant women with diabetes mellitus, even stricter glycemic control than before is required to reduce the incidence of perinatal maternal-infant complications. Strict glycemic control cannot be attained without an indicator of glycemic control; this review proposes a reliable indicator. The gold standard indicator of glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus is hemoglobin A1c(Hb A1c); however, we have demonstrated that Hb A1 c does not reflect glycemic control accurately during pregnancy because of iron deficiency. It has also become clear that glycated albumin, another indicator of glycemic control, is not influenced by iron deficiency and therefore might be a better indicator of glycemic control in patients with GDM and pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. However, largepopulation epidemiological studies are necessary in order to confirm our proposal. Here, we outline the most recent findings about the indicators of glycemic control during pregnancy including fructosamine and 1,5-anhydroglucitol. | Kunihiko Hashimoto Masafumi Koga | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，8： | 8 |
| 17 | Clinicopathological features of early gastric cancers arising in Helicobacter pylori uninfected patients显示文摘BACKGROUND Persistent Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection causes chronic inflammation,atrophy of the gastric mucosa,and a high risk of developing gastric cancer.In recent years,awareness of eradication therapy has increased in Japan.As H.pylori infections decrease,the proportion of gastric cancers arising from H.pylori uninfected gastric mucosa will increase.The emergence of gastric cancer arising in H.pylori uninfected patients though rarely reported,is a concern to be addressed and needs elucidation of its clinicopathological features.AIM To evaluate the clinicopathological features of early gastric cancer in H.pyloriuninfected patients.METHODS A total of 2462 patients with 3375 instances of early gastric cancers that were treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection were enrolled in our study between May 2000 and September 2019.Of these,30 lesions in 30 patients were diagnosed as H.pylori-uninfected gastric cancer(Hp UIGC).We defined a patient as H.pylori-uninfected using the following three criteria:(1)The patient did not receive treatment for H.pylori,which was determined by investigating medical recordsand conducting patient interviews;(2)Lack of endoscopic atrophy;and(3)The patient was negative for H.pylori after being tested at least twice using various diagnostic methods,including serum anti-H.pylori-Ig G antibody,urease breath test,rapid urease test,and microscopic examination.RESULTS The frequency of Hp UIGC was 1.2%(30/2462)for the patients in our study.The study included 19 males and 11 females with a mean age of 59 years.The location of the stomach lesions was divided into three sections;upper third(U),middle third(M),lower third(L).Of the 30 lesions,15 were U,1 was M,and 14 were L.Morphologically,17 lesions were protruded and flat elevated type(0-I,0-IIa,0-IIa+IIc),and 13 lesions were flat and depressed type(0-IIb,0-IIc).The median tumor diameter was 8 mm(range 2-98 mm).Histological analysis revealed that22 lesions(73.3%)were differentiated type.The Hp UIGC lesions were classified into fundic gland type adenocarcinoma(7 cases),foveolar type welldifferentiated adenocarcinoma(8 cases),intestinal phenotype adenocarcinoma(7 cases),and pure signet-ring cell carcinoma(8 cases).Among 30 Hp UIGCs,24 lesions(80%)were limited to the mucosa;wherein,the remaining 6 lesions showed submucosal invasion.One of the submucosal invasive lesions showed more than 500μm invasion.The mucin phenotype analysis identified 7 Hp UIGC with intestinal phenotype and 23 with gastric phenotype.CONCLUSION We elucidated the clinicopathological characteristics of Hp UIGC,revealing recognition not only undifferentiated-type but also differentiated-type.In addition,intestinal phenotype tumors were also observed and could be an important tip. | Chiko Sato Kingo Hirasawa Yoko Tateishi Yuichiro Ozeki Atsushi Sawada Ryosuke Ikeda Takehide Fukuchi Masafumi Nishio Ryosuke Kobayashi Makomo Makazu Hiroaki Kaneko Yoshiaki Inayama Shin Maeda | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，20： | 7 |
| 18 | A case of gallbladder carcinoma associated with pancreatobiliary reflux in the absence of a pancreaticobiliary maljunction:A hint for early diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma显示文摘有胆囊墙的进步变厚的一个 62 岁的人访问了我们的门诊病人诊所。在胆总管的胆汁的淀粉酶水平是 19,900 IU/L,胆囊的是 127,000 IU/L,尽管内视镜后退 cholangiopancreatography 没揭示 pancreaticobiliary maljunction。组织学表明了胆囊的中等区分的腺癌。Pancreatobiliary 倒流和联系胆囊癌在现在的盒子中被证实,当 pancreaticobiliary maljunction 不在时。pancreatobiliary 倒流并且胆囊墙的进步变厚的更早的察觉可能导致了胆囊的更早的切除术并且改进了这个病人的差的预后。 | Masafumi Suyama Yoshihiro Kubokawa | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，28： | 6 |
| 19 | Two distinct pathways of p16 gene inactivation in gallbladder cancer显示文摘AIM: To examine the mechanism of inactivation of the p16 gene in gallbladder cancer,and to investigate p16 alterations and their correlation with clinicopathological features. METHODS: Specimens were collected surgically from 51 patients with gallbladder cancer. We evaluated the status of protein expression,loss of heterozygosity (LOH),homozygous deletion and promoter hypermethylation using immunohistochemistry,microsatellite analysis,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and methylation-specific PCR,respectively. In addition,mutations were examined by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Homozygous deletions of the p16 gene exon2,LOH at 9p21-22,p16 promoter hypermethylation,and loss of p16 protein expression were detected in 26.0% (13/50),56.9% (29/51),72.5% (37/51) and 62.7% (32/51),respectively. No mutations were found. LOH at 9p21 correlated with the loss of p16 protein expression (P < 0.05). Homozygous deletion of the p16 gene,a combination LOH and promoter hypermethylation,and multiple LOH at 9p21 were significantly correlated with the loss of p16 protein expression (P < 0.05). LOH at 9p21 and promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene were detected in 15.4% (2/13) and 92.3% (12/13) of the tumors with homozygous deletion of the p16 gene,respectively. P16 alterations were not associated with clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that LOH and homozygous deletion may be two distinct pathways in the inactivation of the p16 gene. Homozygous deletion,a combination of LOH and promoter hypermethylation,and multiple LOH are major mechanisms of p16 inactivation in gallbladder cancer. | Hiroyuki Tadokoro Takako Shigihara Tomomi Ikeda Masaru Takase Masafumi Suyama | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，47： | 6 |
| 20 | Immunological effect of local ablation combined with immunotherapy on solid malignancies显示文摘Recent comprehensive investigations clarified that immune microenvironment surrounding tumor cells are deeply involved in tumor progression,metastasis,and response to treatment.Furthermore,several immunotherapeutic trials have achieved successful results,and the immunotherapeutic agents are available in clinical practice.To enhance their demonstrated efficacy,combination of immunotherapy and ablation has begun to emerge.Local ablations have considerable advantages as an alternative therapeutic option,especially its minimal invasiveness.In addition,local ablations have shown immune-regulatory effect in preclinical and clinical studies.Although the corresponding mechanisms are still unclear,the local ablations combined with immunotherapy have been suggested in the treatment of several solid malignancies.This article aims to review the published data on the immune-regulatory effects of local ablations including stereotactic body radiotherapy,cryoablation,radiofrequency ablation,and high-intensityfocused ultrasound.We also discuss the value of local ablations combined with immunotherapy.Local ablations have the potential to improve future patient outcomes;however,the effectiveness and safety of local ablations combined with immunotherapy should be further investigated. | Yusuke Takahashi Noriyuki Matsutani Takashi Nakayama Hitoshi Dejima Hirofumi Uehara Masafumi Kawamura | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，6： | 6 |
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