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| 1 | Refined chronology of prehistoric cultures and its implication for re-evaluating human-environment relations in the Hexi Corridor,northwest China显示文摘The reconstruction of high-resolution chronologies for prehistoric cultures is a prerequisite for understanding the history of human evolution and its relationship with environmental change, and is valuable for exploring the trajectory of transcontinental cultural exchanges in prehistoric time. The Hexi Corridor of northwest China was one of the earliest centers for long-distance culture exchange in the prehistoric world. The timing and sequence of cultural changes in this area remains poorly understood resulting from the lack of radiometric age control. This paper presents a refined radiocarbon(14 C) chronology to resolve the timing of human occupation and cultural evolution in the Hexi Corridor. Radiocarbon dating of crop remains, which have an annual life cycle, has the advantage of eliminating problems such as the carbon stored in ‘old wood’. As a result,14C dates from crop remains are used to test the validity of the14C dates derived from charcoal, bone and plant remains. The resultant database of ages is modelled using the Bayesian approach. The updated chronology presented in this paper shows generally good agreement with the original dates used to constrain cultural evolution in the Hexi Corridor. However, the occupation of the corridor by the Shajing and Shanma Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age cultures appears to have taken place ~300 years later than previously thought. On the basis of comparing this updated chronology of cultural evolution with palaeoclimatic and historical records, it is proposed that the collapse of the Shajing and Shanma cultures occurred as a result of geopolitical impact rather than climate change. | Yishi YANG Shanjia ZHANG Chris OLDKNOW Menghan QIU Tingting CHEN Haiming LI Yifu CUI Lele REN Guoke CHEN Hui WANG Guanghui DONG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，10： | 5 |
| 2 | Identification and optimization of peptide inhibitors to block VISTA/PSGL-1 interaction for cancer immunotherapy显示文摘Developing new therapeutic agents for cancer immunotherapy is highly demanding due to the low response ratio of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer patients.Here,we discovered that the novel immune checkpoint VISTA is highly expressed on a variety of tumor-infiltrating immune cells,especially myeloid derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)and CD8^(+)T cells.Then,peptide C1 with binding affinity to VISTA was developed by phage displayed bio-panning technique,and its mutant peptide VS3 was obtained by molecular docking based mutation.Peptide VS3 could bind VISTA with high affinity and block its interaction with ligand PSGL-1 under acidic condition,and elicit anti-tumor activity in vivo.The peptide DVS3-Pal was further designed by D-amino acid substitution and fatty acid modification,which exhibited strong proteolytic stability and significant anti-tumor activity through enhancing CD8^(+)T cell function and decreasing MDSCs infiltration.This is the first study to develop peptides to block VISTA/PSGL-1 interaction,which could act as promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. | Xiaoshuang Niu Menghan Wu Guodong Li Xiuman Zhou Wenpeng Cao Wenjie Zhai Aijun Wu Xiaowen Zhou Shengzhe Jin Guanyu Chen Yanying Li Jiangfeng Du Yahong Wu Lu Qiu Wenshan Zhao Yanfeng Gao | 2023 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2023，13，11： | 0 |
| 3 | Spatial-spectral identication of abnormal leukocytes based on microscopic hyperspectral imaging technology显示文摘Screening and diagnosing of abnormal Leukocytes are crucial for the diagnosis of immune diseases and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(ALL).As the deterioration of abnormal leukocytes is mainly due to the changes in the chromatin distribution,which signicantly affects the absorption and reflection of light,the spectral feature is proved to be important for leukocytes classication and identication.This paper proposes an accurate identication method for healthy and abnormal leukocytes based on microscopic hyperspectral imaging(HSI)technology which combines the spectral information.The segmentation of nucleus and cytoplasm is obtained by the morphological watershed algorithm.Then,the spectral features are extracted and combined with the spatial features.Based on this,the support vector machine(SVM)is applied for classication ofve types of leukocytes and abnormal leukocytes.Compared with different classication methods,the proposed method utilizes spectral features which highlight the differences between healthy leukocytes and abnormal leukocytes,improving the accuracy in the classication and identication of leukocytes.This paper only selects one subtype of ALL for test,and the proposed method can be applied for detection of other leukemia in the future. | Xueqi Hu Jiahua Ou Mei Zhou Menghan Hu Li Sun Song Qiu Qingli Li Junhao Chu | 2020 | Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences2020，，2： | 0 |
| 4 | Excitatory somatostatin interneurons in the dentate gyrus drive a widespread seizure network in cortical dysplasia显示文摘Seizures due to cortical dysplasia are notorious for their poor prognosis even with medications and surgery,likely due to the widespread seizure network.Previous studies have primarily focused on the disruption of dysplastic lesions,rather than remote regions such as the hippocampus.Here,we first quantified the epileptogenicity of the hippocampus in patients with late-stage cortical dysplasia.We further investigated the cellular substrates leading to the epileptic hippocampus,using multiscale tools including calcium imaging,optogenetics,immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology.For the first time,we revealed the role of hippocampal somatostatin-positive interneurons in cortical dysplasia-related seizures.Somatostatin-positive were recruited during cortical dysplasia-related seizures.Interestingly,optogenetic studies suggested that somatostatin-positive interneurons paradoxically facilitated seizure generalization.By contrast,parvalbumin-positive interneurons retained an inhibitory role as in controls.Electrophysiological recordings and immunohistochemical studies revealed glutamate-mediated excitatory transmission from somatostatin-positive interneurons in the dentate gyrus.Taken together,our study reveals a novel role of excitatory somatostatin-positive neurons in the seizure network and brings new insights into the cellular basis of cortical dysplasia. | Yang Zheng Cenglin Xu Jinyi Sun Wenjie Ming Sijie Dai Yuying Shao Xiaoyun Qiu Menghan Li Chunhong Shen Jinghong Xu Fan Fei Jiajia Fang Xuhong Jiang Guoqing Zheng Weiwei Hu Yi Wang Shuang Wang Meiping Ding Zhong Chen | 2023 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2023，8，6： | 0 |
| 5 | Dispersal of crop-livestock and geographical-temporal variation of subsistence along the Steppe and Silk Roads across Eurasia in prehistory显示文摘The innovations of agricultural production and their extensive dispersal promoted the transformation of human livelihoods and profoundly influenced the evolution of human-land relationships in late prehistoric Eurasia.The Steppe and Silk Roads(SSRs)played important roles in the transcontinental exchange and dispersal of cereal crops and livestock related to agricultural innovation across Eurasia before the Han Dynasty(202 BC to AD 220),while the geographical-temporal variations in prehistoric subsistence in relation to the spread and exchange of cereal crops and livestock originating from different areas of Eurasia still remain unclear.In this paper,we explore these issues based on the review and analysis of published archaeobotanical,zooarchaeological,and carbon-stable isotope data from human bones from Neolithic-Early Iron Age sites in areas along the SSRs,with a comparison to updated results based on radiocarbon dating and ancient DNA analyses.Our results suggest that humans engaged in hunting game,while foxtail/broomcorn millet cultivation gradually became the primary subsistence strategy in Eastern SSRs from 10,500 to 6000 a BP.In contemporaneous Western SSRs,humans mainly cultivated wheat/barley and raised sheep/goats,cattle,and pigs.Trans-Eurasian exchange,which is reflected by the mixed utilization of wheat/barley and millet,emerged in the south-central Steppe during 6000–4000 a BP,while millet cultivation and pig husbandry became the dominant livelihoods in most areas of Eastern SSRs.During 4000–2200 a BP,Silk Roads became the major passageway for trans-Eurasian exchange,the interactive development of oasis agriculture and pastoralism facilitated intensive human settlement in the Central Silk Roads,and subsistence strategies substantially changed with significant geographical differences in Eastern SSRs,while subsistence in some areas of Western SSRs was evidently affected by the introduction and adoption of millet crops after 3000 a BP.The geographical-temporal variations in subsistence in the SSRs from the Neolithic to Early Iron Age were primarily affected by the prehistoric dispersal of farming groups across Eurasia,which was accompanied by the spread of cereal crops/livestock,while the impacts of climate change still need to be further evaluated. | Guanghui DONG Linyao DU Liu YANG Minxia LU Menghan QIU Haiming LI Minmin MA Fahu CHEN | 2022 | Science China Earth Sciences2022，65，7： | 0 |
| 6 | Characteristics of electromagnetic vector field generated from rock fracturing显示文摘Rock fracturing is often accompanied by electromagnetic phenomenon.As a vector field,in addition to the intensity that is widely concerned,the generated electromagnetic field also has obvious direction-ality.To this end,a set of electromagnetic antennas capable of simultaneous three-axis measurement is used to monitor the electromagnetic vector field generated from rock fracturing based on Brazilian tests.The signal amplitude on each axis can represent the magnitude of actual magnetic flux density component on the three axes.The intensity and directional characteristics of electromagnetic signals received at different positions are studied using vector synthesis.The directionality of electromagnetic radiation measured using a three-axis electromagnetic antenna shows that the direction of the magnetic flux intensity generated by rock fracturing tends to be parallel to the crack surface,and the measured signal intensity is greater in a direction closer to the crack surface. | Menghan Wei Dazhao Song Xueqiu He Quan Lou Liming Qiu Zhenlei Li | 2023 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2023，15，2： | 0 |
| 7 | Quantitative studies on charcoalification:Physical and chemical changes of charring wood显示文摘Charcoal is commonly preserved in both natural and artificial sediments,and is intensively used in paleontological,paleoenvironmental,and archaeological studies due to the abundant bio-information it contains.The biochemical properties of charcoal are also used for paleoclimatic reconstruction;however,the reliability of this approach has been challenged due to a lack of clarity on how physicochemical properties change during the charring process,as well as the temperatures required for charcoalification.To address this lack,in this study,Qinghai spruce and Chinese pine wood samples from the northeastern Tibetan Plateau were heated at different temperatures and for different lengths of time under restricted oxygen conditions.The reflectance;carbon,nitrogen,and oxygen content;and tracheid morphology were quantified before and after heating to assess changes related to the charring process.Archaeological charcoal remains were then evaluated to determine the charcoalification temperatures by comparing with the experimental results.The minimum temperature required for wood charcoalification was∼300℃,while temperatures recorded by archaeological charcoal were concentrated at 400-500℃.During the charring experiments,the tracheid cell walls gradually homogenized,and tracheid cell wall thickness and lumen area decreased by∼20%.On average,50%mass losses were observed;the carbon and oxygen content(%wt.)approximately changed from 47%to 60%and 48%to 35%respectively,while the nitrogen content(%wt.)fluctuated around 0.2%.The reflectance increased slightly from 0%to 0.5%.We propose that the charcoalification of wood tissue refers to charring(in restricted air)and carbonization(in the almost absence of air)when the wood is exposed to a heat source,which then finally transforms into a black,inert solid.This quantitative study provided valuable data and a thorough assessment of the process of wood charcoalification,as well as accurately estimated the feasibility of using charcoal physicochemical properties in paleoclimatic research. | Gang Li Linlin Gao Fengwen Liu Menghan Qiu Guanghui Dong | 2024 | Fundamental Research2024，4，1： | 0 |
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