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| 1 | Calcium supplementation in postmenopausal women to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures显示文摘 | Mikayla Spangler Beth Bryles Phillips Mary B. Ross Kevin G. Moores | 2011 | American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy2011，，4： | 1 |
| 2 | 衰老的脊髓小胶质细胞呈现表型异质并倾向性靶向运动神经元及其突触显示文摘研究发现小胶质细胞随着年龄的增长和疾病的不同而获得独特的区域依赖性有害特征,从而导致神经元功能障碍和大脑退化。然而,目前尚不清楚脊髓中的小胶质细胞是否表现出类似的表型异质性。本研究对3、16、23和30个月大的小鼠的脊髓小胶质细胞进行区域分析。我们使用光学和电子显微镜发现脊髓小胶质细胞在衰老过程中获得越来越活跃的表型,且该现象与区域无关。然而,衰老会导致腹侧而非背角的小胶质细胞失去其空间组织。衰老的腹角小胶质细胞也会聚集在运动神经元胞体周围,它们与运动神经元突触的接触增加;而运动神经元突触已被证明会随着年龄的增长而消失。这些发现表明,在衰老过程中小胶质细胞可能会影响运动神经元接收和传递运动命令的能力。为了更深入地研究衰老脊髓小胶质细胞,我们对FACS分离的3、18、22和29个月大小鼠的小胶质细胞进行RNA测序。我们发现,脊髓小胶质细胞在衰老过程中获得与大脑中小胶质细胞相似的转录特性,其中包括在小胶质细胞-神经元相互作用和炎症中发挥作用的基因表达的改变。到29个月大时,脊髓小胶质细胞表现出额外且独特的转录变化,已知并预计会导致衰老并改变溶酶体和核糖体调节。总之,这项工作为靶向小胶质细胞以改善脊髓中与衰老相关的变化,特别是运动回路的变化奠定了基础。 | Ryan W Castro Mikayla C Lopes Lindsay M De Biase Gregorio Valdez 杜一星(编译) | 2023 | 神经损伤与功能重建2023，18，11： | 0 |
| 3 | Quiet in the nest:The nest environment attenuates song in a grassland songbird显示文摘The nest environment may limit the ability of nest-bound birds to hear sounds from the outside world.In vocal learning species,such as humans and songbirds,it is vital for young animals to hear the voices of conspecific animals early in life.In songbirds,nest structure varies considerably across species,and the resulting impact on sound transmission may have consequences for vocal learning in nestlings.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that the nest environment attenuates song of Savannah Sparrows(Passerculus sandwichensis),grassland songbirds that build nests on the ground under cover of dense vegetation.We recorded live Savannah Sparrows singing at variable distances from 21 nests.We recorded songs using one microphone inside the nest(the typical position of a nestling)and another placed 1 m directly above the nest(a typical position of an adult).We found a substantial reduction in signal-to-noise ratio,where songs recorded inside the nest were an average of 11 dB lower than songs recorded directly above the nest.We estimate that the attenuation imposed by the nest reduced the maximum acoustic environment from 117.7 m(for recordings above the nest),to 78.6 m(for recordings within the nest),which is analogous to listening from a position 39.1 m farther away from the singer.Previous research estimated that song transmits up to 100 m in this species,so any adult male within 100 m of a young bird was previously considered a potential vocal tutor.By reducing the nestling acoustic environment from 100 m to 78.6 m,the number of male tutors available to nestlings is reduced by an average of 27%.Given the growing evidence that song learning begins very early in life,future research on vocal development should account for how the structural properties of the natal environment affect the songs that nestlings hear. | Sarah L.Dobney Mikayla M.K.Bornais D.Ryan Norris Amy E.M.Newman Heather Williams Stéphanie M.Doucet Daniel J.Mennill | 2023 | Avian Research2023，14，4： | 0 |
| 4 | Comparison of total immunoglobulin A levels in different samples in Leghorn and broiler chickens显示文摘Objective: To standardize an ELISA protocol to quantify total immunoglobulin A(IgA)from different biological samples.Methods: Two independent experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, total IgA levels were quantified from the lachrymal fluid, tracheal swab, and cloacal swab at various time points from Days 30 to 89 in white Leghorn chickens. Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the effect of 50 or 500 ppb of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) on total IgA quantified in samples from the lachrymal fluid, tracheal swab, gut content and cloacal swab in broiler chickens at 21 days of age.Results: Lachrymal fluid contained the highest level of IgA; however, the sampling procedure was time consuming and stressful to the bird, and the sample volume depends largely on the size of the chicken. Cloacal swabs also contained a high concentration of IgA; this sampling procedure was faster than lachrymal fluid sampling and was not affected by the age of the bird. Tracheal sampling was more difficult than cloacal sampling; the age of the bird limited the sampling, and the IgA concentration was the lowest detected at all sampling ages. 500 ppb of AFB1 significantly reduced total IgA concentration in the gut content compared with control or 50 ppb of AFB1 treated groups.Interestingly, a significant reduction in total IgA was also observed in those chickens that received 50 ppb of AFB1 in gut rinse when compared with cloacal swabs.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that cloacal swab is an easy and reliable way to evaluate mucosal IgA concentration in both Leghorn and broiler chickens. | Rubén Merino-Guzmán Juan David Latorre Ramiro Delgado Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Amanda Desha Wolfenden Kyle Dean Teague Lucas Elzie Graham Brittany Danielle Mahaffey Mikayla Francis Ann Baxter Billy Marshall Hargis Guillermo Tellez | 2017 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2017，7，2： | 0 |
| 5 | 拉斯维加斯的球形剧场火了显示文摘麦迪逊广场花园的执行主席詹姆斯·多兰花了23亿美元试图重构斯现场活动。一个曾经看起来贵而无用的项目实际上可能最终成为一个绝妙的创意。 | DEVIN LEONARD MIKAYLA WHITMORE(摄影) 杨飞(译) | 2023 | 商业周刊(中文版)2023，，18： | 0 |
| 6 | Launching, perceiving, and diminishing of airborne signals显示文摘Aphids are highly destructive pests that greatly hurt the agricultural industry.Transmitting over 40%of plant viruses,they are the most destructive pests that the agricultural industry faces(Gong et al.,2023).Aphids feed on plants,and in doing so,they consume sap from one plant and then move to another and inject their saliva into the new plant(Hooks and Fereres,2006).This cycle causes diseases and viral pathogens to become rampant between plants as the aphids carry viral pathogens from one plant to another and so on. | Mikayla Carty Ruize Zhang Ziyue Li Daowen Wang Zheng Qing Fu | 2023 | Molecular Plant2023，16，12： | 0 |
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