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| 1 | WINTER RUNOFF AND EROSION ON NORTHWESTERN USA CROPLAND显示文摘Crop management is an important factor in preventing winter runoff and erosion on non-irrigatedcropland of the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region of the U.S. Much of the total annual runoff andsoil loss from agricultural land in the region occurs as a result of rain and snowmelt on frozen and thawingsoil. Quantifying these effects is important for hydrologic model development and calibration, and fordesigning and selecting crop managements to prevent erosion. An experimental setup with several runoffplots under a number of crop management systems was installed at the Palouse Conservation Field Stationin the fall of 1978. Data were collected from natural events on the replicated plots for l3 years. Frost,thaw, and snow depths were measured on the plots regularly. Runoff and sediment samples were obtainedfrom collection tanks on a daily or event basis. Data were analyzed and events were separaed into frozensoil, thawing soil, and non-frozen soil. Crop management had a substantial effect on infiltration and runoff,but an even more significant impact on soil erosion. | D.K. McCool(Agricultural Engineer, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA)C.D. Pannkuk(Soil Scientist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID)K.E. Saxton(Hydrologist, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA | 2000 | International Journal of Sediment Research2000，15，2： | 5 |
| 2 | 含矿相从酸性熔体中分离出来的条件(英文)显示文摘热液学说不能完全解释金属从岩浆 (或岩石 )中分离和富集的自然条件。酸性岩中包体研究表明 ,存在特殊的硅酸盐熔体卤水 (silicate saltmelt brine)相 ,它在熔体结晶早期即从中分离出来 ,其中富含盐类 (质量分数可达 70 %)、金属、水、F、Cl、B等。而实验研究显示 ,原始的酸性熔体在冷却过程中分裂为硅酸盐熔体 (silicatemelt)和熔体卤水 (melt brine) ,熔体卤水还可进一步分离出更多的熔体卤水系列 (melt brines) ,它们也富含金属元素。熔体中高度富集的流体是产生这一过程非常有利的条件。 | R.N. SOBOLEV, V.I.STAROSTIN(Faculty of Geology,M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University,Moscow 119899, Russia) | 2001 | 地学前缘2001，8，3： | 3 |
| 3 | 花岗岩体系中岩浆阶段金属组分的浓度(英文)显示文摘在岩浆阶段 ,富集金属元素最有效的机制是流体熔体的分离。受到硅酸盐熔体中盐的溶解度的限制 ,这种分离实为一个天然结晶过程的产物 ,所以必然发生在岩浆结晶的最后阶段。含氟的花岗岩体系中的矿物相的关系是已知的 ,并已确定了一个宽的液相不混溶区 ,其中也包括霞石标准分子的成分。该体系的不同部分 ,由多种元素在共存的硅酸盐和氟化铝两种熔体间的分配就可以得知。在这些实验中首次确定出元素分配与体系成分间的关系。这些数据也可解释一些经验数据所熟知的地球化学标志的变化。 | E.N.GRAMENITSKIY(Faculty of Geology,M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia) | 2001 | 地学前缘2001，8，3： | 1 |
| 4 | 金刚石伴生矿物中的烃类包裹体问题(英文)显示文摘首次在Mir金伯利岩筒中的锆石中发现了烃类包裹体。利用低温荧光光谱仪测定出烃类包裹体的成分为萘和菲的同系物 ,芘 ,1,12苯并芘等 ;其成分与Udachnaya岩筒中的橄榄石内的烃类和Mir岩筒中的石榴石中的烃类的成分相近。测定出锆石的δ13C值为 - 2 1 83‰~ - 3 3 5 4‰ ,与用榴辉岩共生组合中最轻的金刚石测出的同位素δ13C值范围相符。文中引述了有关有机物来源的讨论及多环芳烃 (PAH)由缩聚作用形成的论述。伴生矿物中相当数量的PAH的存在证明在形成金刚石及其伴生矿物的情况下 ,若有相当浓度的自由氢存在则可能发生缩聚作用。这些缩聚作用中碳的来源显然与形成金刚石时碳的来源是相同的 (即液态的CH4,CO及CO2 )。 | F.I.KASSIMOVA 1, F.P.MELNIKOV 2(1.Institute of Geology, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences 2.Faculty of Geology,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899,Russia) | 2001 | 地学前缘2001，8，3： | 1 |
| 5 | 俄罗斯岩石科学的进展和问题显示文摘最主要进展是把岩石学研究扩大至天体,形成了天体岩石学研究方向。以陨石、月岩、彗星及宇宙尘为主要对象,运用地球化学天体化学观点,研究太阳系行星的起源和演化,并推衍于地球内生作用,指出行星的更生(renovation)过程有三种类型:裂谷作用、成岛(nesogenesis)和造山作用。文中对裂谷岩浆作用、碱性岩浆(在成岛阶段)演化作了论述,提出金刚石成因四大类型。认为金伯利岩钾镁煌斑岩中金刚石成矿是承袭被取代的母岩高压成矿的产物,变质杂岩中金刚石来自卷入其中的含金刚石橄榄岩、辉石岩和榴辉岩,金刚石的高￣3He/￣4He比值排除其为变质成因,金刚石成因新解释提出了金刚石成矿预测的新思路。含金刚石环状构造并非陨石冲击所成而是火山强力爆发的产物,各类球粒陨石中都发现过金刚石,说明球粒陨石来自巨型行星熔融核心,其流体外壳的压力足以生成金刚石。地球与太阳系其它星体之差别在于存在地槽体制、火山沉积岩系褶皱及其造山演化过程。 | Marakushev.A.A.(Moscow state University,Moscow,Russia,119899) | 1994 | 地学前缘1994，1，Z1： | 0 |
| 6 | SOME APPROACHES FOR STUDYING THE INTENSITY OF SMALL RIVER AGGRADATION显示文摘SOMEAPPROACHESFORSTUDYINGTHEINTENSITYOFSMALLRIVERAGGRADATIONV.N.Golosov(LaboratoryofSoilandFluvialProcesses,FacultyofGeograph... | V.N.Golosov( Faculty of Geography,Moscow State University,Moscow,Russia,1198899) | 1996 | International Journal of Sediment Research1996，11，2： | 0 |
| 7 | Distribution of Vasoative Intestinal Polypeptide in CranialParasym pathetic Ganglion of the Rat显示文摘Immunoreactivity (IR) for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) of cranial parasympathetic ganglia of the rat was observed with indirect immunofluorescent method. It was found that there were VIP IR principal neurons in the ciliary, pterygopalatine, and otic ganglia. The highest positive ratio of VIP IR cells was located in the ciliary ganglia (34.8%), followed by that in the pterygopalatine ganglia(17.0%), and the lowest was found in the otic ganglia (15.4%). VIP IR small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells and nerve fibers were not observed. Distributive characteristics of neuropeptides and functional significance of VIP in cranial parasympathetic ganglia were discussed. | Wang Heming(王鹤鸣)\ Knyazeva LA\+1 Tong Xinkang(童鑫康) Han Qunying(韩群颖) Fang Shibang(方实邦) | 1999 | The Journal of Biomedical Research1999，23，2： | 0 |
| 8 | THE DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES IN A SHOCK-INDUCED BOUNDARY LAYER OF A DUSTY GAS OVER A SOLID SURFACE显示文摘The laminar boundary layer behind a constant-speed shock wave moving through a dusty gasalong a solid surface is studied.The Saffman lift force acting on a spherical particle in a gas boundary layeris taken into account.A method for calculating the density profile of dispersed phase near the wall is pro-posed and some numerical results are given.It is shown that behind the shock wave,there exists a curvedthin layer where the density of particles is many times higher than the original one.This dust collection effectmay be of essential importance to the problem of dust explosion in industry. | Wang Boyi (Institute of Mechanics,Academia Sinica,Beijing,China)S.L.Veselyi V.A.Kulikovskii A.N.Osiptsov (Institute of Mechanics,Moscow State University,Moscow,USSR) | 1991 | Acta Mechanica Sinica1991，7，2： | 0 |
| 9 | 球状晶体中的拉曼散射和布拉格衍射(英文)显示文摘The results of optical properties investigations for some types of globular crystals, including artifical opals and amorphous substances, constructed from the globular nanoclusters are represented. The spectra of light reflection from the surface of received opals have investigated at different incident angle (under mirror-reflection geometry): 0, 20, 30, 45 and 60 degree. | V.I. Burkov V.S. Gorelik N.N. Melnik P.P. Sverbil S.N. Ivicheva L.I. Zlobina A.V. ChervyakovDepartment of Physics Moscow State University Moscow Russia | 2005 | 光散射学报2005，17，3： | 0 |
| 10 | Field-induced Magnetic Phase Transitions in FerrimagnetGdMn_2Ge_2: H-T Magnetic Phase Diagrams显示文摘Magnetic properties of a two sublattice ferrimagnet with antiferromagnetic exchange interaction inside one of the sublattices are calculated within the framework of the molecular field theory taking into account the anisotropy of unstable sublattice. The magnetization curves of single crystal GdMn 2Ge 2 for the magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the c axis at different temperatures are calculated. Field induced magnetic phase transitions in GdMn 2Ge 2 are discussed. Calculated H T magnetic phase diagrams are in fair agreement with experimental data. | GUO Guang hua 1,R.Z. Levitin 2,N.P. Kolmakova 3 (1 Department of Applied Physics and Heat Energy Engineering, Central South University of Technology, Changsha 410083, China 2 Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1198 | 2000 | Journal of Central South University2000，12，2： | 0 |
| 11 | Micromagnetic Structure of Co-Rich Amorphous Microwires显示文摘Results on the magneto-optical investigation of near-surface micromagnetic structure (MMS) of Co69Fe4Si12B15 amorphous wires 10-50 μm in diameter are presented. The wires were prepared by the rapid solidification technique. The magnetic field H was applied along or perpendicular to the wire length. By scanning the light spot of 1 μm-diameter along the wire length, distributions of magnetization components (both parallel and perpendicular to the applied magnetic field) and also local hysteresis characteristics of the wires were measured. It was experimentally established that owing to the compressive stresses from quenching coupled with negative netostriction of Co-rich amorphous materials, the examined microwires have a circumferential magnetic anisotropy. In consequence, there are the near-sudece alternate left-and right-handled circular domains in these samples. The dependencies of the circular domain width on the wire diameter and length were found. It was discovered that in the axial magnetic field local hysteresis loops are unhysteretic. It was proved that in this case the dominant mechanism of the wire magnetization reversal is rotation of local magnetization vectors in circular domains. | E.E.Shalyguina and L.M.Bekoeva (Physical Faculty, Moscow State University, 119899, Moscow, Russia) Kyung-Ho Shin (Korea Institute of Science & Technology , P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea) | 2000 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2000，16，2： | 0 |
| 12 | 成矿演化的几个构造问题显示文摘成矿演化可以分成5个时期(Ma):(1)小岩石圈板块,褶皱作用期并发育绿岩带(3800~3000);(2)陆壳主块的形成(3000~2700);(3)初始超大陆,开始板块构造作用的影响(2700~1800);(4)原生陆壳的多重作用(1800~600);(5)深部地幔分异,以构造岩浆分异作用为主(600~0)。 | V. I.Starosin(Moscow State University,119899, Moscow,Russia) | 1995 | 地学前缘1995，2，1： | 0 |
| 13 | 地球油气资源潜力是自然科学的基本问题显示文摘石油与天然气以其在地球内部的广泛分布、巨大的资源量及其使用的高效性而在世界经济中起主导作用。油气分布与地球生物圈的存在紧密相关。油气是生物圈中被埋藏的生物存在的一种特殊形式。我们应将油气形成与沉积岩的去流体作用相联系,这些沉积岩富含有机质,当达到100℃的温度条件时,就有油气形成。油气形成是沉积盆地所伴随的一种普遍的作用,并具有其自身的演化体系。沉积盆地产生的油气可上升到达低温、低压带。油气富集而成的油气藏出现于1~2km深度处。推测油气生成非常快,因此,我们认为油气可作为再生矿物燃料。 | Sokolov,B. A.(Moscow State University,Moscow,Russia,119899) | 1995 | 地学前缘1995，2，3： | 0 |
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