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| 1 | A Reliable Stochastic Numerical Analysis for Typhoid Fever Incorporating With Protection Against Infection显示文摘In this paper,a reliable stochastic numerical analysis for typhoid fever incorporating with protection against infection has been considered.We have compared the solutions of stochastic and deterministic typhoid fever model.It has been shown that the stochastic typhoid fever model is more realistic as compared to the deterministic typhoid fever model.The effect of threshold number T*hold in stochastic typhoid fever model.The proposed framework of the stochastic non-standard finite difference scheme(SNSFD)preserves all dynamical properties like positivity,bounded-ness and dynamical consistency defined by Mickens,R.E.The stochastic numerical simulation of the model showed that increase in protection leads to low disease prevalence in a population. | Muhammad Shoaib Arif Ali Raza Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Rabia Fayyaz Mehvish Naz Umer Javed | 2019 | Computers, Materials & Continua2019，，6： | 3 |
| 2 | A Stochastic Numerical Analysis for Computer Virus Model with Vertical Transmission Over the Internet显示文摘We are presenting the numerical analysis for stochastic SLBR model of computer virus over the internet in this manuscript.We are going to present the results of stochastic and deterministic computer virus model.Outcomes of the threshold number C∗hold in stochastic computer virus model.If C∗<1 then in such a condition virus controlled in the computer population while C∗>1 shows virus spread in the computer population.Unfortunately,stochastic numerical techniques fail to cope with large step sizes of time.The suggested structure of the stochastic non-standard finite difference scheme(SNSFD)maintains all diverse characteristics such as dynamical consistency,bounded-ness and positivity as well-defined by Mickens.On this basis,we can suggest a collection of plans for eradicating viruses spreading across the internet effectively. | Muhammad Shoaib Arif Ali Raza Wasfi Shatanawi Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi | 2019 | Computers, Materials & Continua2019，，9： | 2 |
| 3 | Stochastic Numerical Analysis for Impact of Heavy Alcohol Consumption on Transmission Dynamics of Gonorrhoea Epidemic显示文摘This paper aims to perform a comparison of deterministic and stochastic models.The stochastic modelling is a more realistic way to study the dynamics of gonorrhoea infection as compared to its corresponding deterministic model.Also,the deterministic solution is itself mean of the stochastic solution of the model.For numerical analysis,first,we developed some explicit stochastic methods,but unfortunately,they do not remain consistent in certain situations.Then we proposed an implicitly driven explicit method for stochastic heavy alcohol epidemic model.The proposed method is independent of the choice of parameters and behaves well in all scenarios.So,some theorems and simulations are presented in support of the article. | Kamaleldin Abodayeh Ali Raza Muhammad Shoaib Arif Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Muhammad Mohsin | 2020 | Computers, Materials & Continua2020，，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Mycorrhiza and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria:Potential Bioagents for Sustainable Phosphorus Management in Agriculture显示文摘Phosphorus(P)is a critical nutrient that plays an essential role in improving soil fertility for optimum plant growth and productivity.It is one of the most deficient macro-nutrients in agricultural soils after nitrogen and is considered inadequate for plant growth and production.To P availability in soils,the farmers are applying huge amounts of synthetic P fertilizers that adversely affect the wider environment,groundwater,soil fertility and microbial population.Many beneficial microbes are known to release and supply soluble P for improving growth and yield of a variety of plants in a sustainable manner in P deficient soils.Thus,inoculation of these microbes,including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB)to soil to enhance crop production without harming the environment,is an alternative approach to chemical fertilizers.The combined role of AMF and PSB in P solubilization is not well understood and the application and mode of action of these microbial groups are often naive due to variation in the environment.Therefore,the current review article would develop a better understanding of the interactive role and mechanisms of AMF and PSB in improving P availability from both organic and inorganic sources in a sustainable crop production system.Finally,the current review would loop out further avenues for researchers interested to commercially produce effective AMF and PSB-based biofertilizers for sustainable management of phosphorus over a wide range of agricultural crops worldwide. | Fazli Wahid Muhammad Sharif Shah Fahad Amjad Ali Muhammad Adnan Rafiullah Shah Saud Subhan Danish Muhammad Arif Ali Niaz Ahmed Hüseyin Arslan Doğan Arslan Murat Erman Ayman EL Sabagh Fatemeh Gholizadeh Rahul Datta | 2022 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2022，91，2： | 2 |
| 5 | Detection of Babesia bovis in blood samples and its effect on the hematological and serum biochemical profile in large ruminants from Southern Punjab显示文摘Objective:To determine the presence of Babesia bovis(B.bovis)in large ruminants in southern Punjab and its effect on hematological and serum biochemical profile of host animals.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 144 large ruminants,including 105 cattle and 39 buffaloes,from six flistricts in southern Punjab including Multan,Layyali,Muzaffar Garh,Bhakar.Bahawalnagar and Vehari.Data on the characteristics of animals and herds were collected through questionnaires.Different blood(hemoglobin,glucose)and serum(ALT.AST,I.DH,cholesterol)parameters of calves and cattle were measured and compared between parasite positive and negative samples to demonstrate the effect of B.bovis on the blood and serological profile of infected animals.Results:27 out of 144 animals,from 5 out of 6 sampling districts,produced the541-bp fragment specific for B.bovis.Age of animals(P=0.02),presence of ticks on animals(P=0.04)and presence of ticks on dogs associated with herds(P=0.5)were among the major risk factors involved in the spread of bovine babesiosis in the study area.ALT concentrations were the only serum biochemical values that significantly varied between parasite positive and negative cattle.Conclusions:This study has reported for the first time the presence of B.bavis in large ruminant and the results can lead to the prevention of babesiosis in the region to increase the livestock output. | Samreen Zulfiqar Sadia Shahnawaz Muhammad Ali Arif Mahmood Bhutta Shahid Iqbal Sikandar Hayat Shazia Qadir Muhammad Latif Nazia Kiran Ali Saeed Muhammad Ali Furhan Iqbal | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2012，2，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Mass Transfer of MHD Nanofluid in Presence of Chemical Reaction on A Permeable Rotating Disk with Convective Boundaries, Using Buongiorno’s Model显示文摘This communiquéis opted to study the flow of nanofluid because of heated disk rotation subjected to the convective boundaries with chemical reaction of first order.Wherein Buongiorno’s model for nanofluids is used due to its wide range of applications and the rotating disk under investigation is permeable.Small magneto Reynolds parameter and boundary layer assumptions are carried out to formulate the problem.The system of nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow problem is converted into the set of ordinary differential equations by using particular relations known as Von Karman transformations.The complicated set of coupled ordinary differential equations with complicated boundary conditions is set to solve by an analytical technique Homotopy Analysis Method(HAM).Whereby the results obtained by the aforementioned method are provided analytically and analyzed graphically.Also validation of the work is confirmed by providing comparison of previous works in tabular form.Effect of chemical reaction parameter on mass transfer rate is also highlighted tabularly for its increament.Nusselt and Sherwood numbers calculated and compared to the like literature and found in good agreement. | Muhammad Shoaib Arif Yasir Nawaz Mairaj Bibi Zafar Ali | 2018 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2018，，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Phosphorus-Mobilizing Rhizobacterial Strain Bacillus cereus GS6 Improves Symbiotic Efficiency of Soybean on an Aridisol Amended with Phosphorus-Enriched Compost显示文摘Legume plants are an essential component of sustainable farming systems.Phosphorus(P) deficiency is a significant constraint for legume production, especially in nutrient-poor soils of arid and semi-arid regions.In the present study, we conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the effects of a phosphorus-mobilizing plant-growth promoting rhizobacterial strain Bacillus cereus GS6, either alone or combined with phosphate-enriched compost(PEC) on the symbiotic(nodulation-N_2 fixation) performance of soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) on an Aridisol.The PEC was produced by composting food waste with addition of single super phosphate.The bacterial strain B.cereus GS6 showed considerable potential for P solubilization and mobilization by releasing carboxylates in insoluble P(rock phosphate)-enriched medium.Inoculation of B.cereus GS6 in combination with PEC application significantly improved nodulation and nodule N_2 fixation efficiency.Compared to the control(without B.cereus GS6 and PEC), the combined application of B.cereus GS6 with PEC resulted in significantly higher accumulation of nitrogen(N), P, and potassium(K) in grain, shoot, and nodule.The N:P and P:K ratios in nodules were significantly altered by the application of PEC and B.cereus GS6, which reflected the important roles of P and K in symbiotic performance of soybean.The combined application of PEC and B.cereus GS6 also significantly increased the soil dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities, as well as the soil available N, P, and K contents.Significant positive relationships were found between soil organic carbon(C) content, dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities, and available N, P, and K contents.This study suggests that inoculation of P-mobilizing rhizobacteria, such as B.cereus GS6, in combination with PEC application might enhance legume productivity by improving nodulation and nodule N_2 fixation efficiency. | Muhammad Saleem ARIF Muhammad RIAZ Sher Muhammad SHAHZAD Tahira YASMEEN Shafaqat ALI Muhammad Javed AKHTAR | 2017 | Pedosphere2017，27，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Essential Features Preserving Dynamics of Stochastic Dengue Model显示文摘Nonlinear stochasticmodelling plays an important character in the different fields of sciences such as environmental,material,engineering,chemistry,physics,biomedical engineering,and many more.In the current study,we studied the computational dynamics of the stochastic dengue model with the real material of the model.Positivity,boundedness,and dynamical consistency are essential features of stochastic modelling.Our focus is to design the computational method which preserves essential features of the model.The stochastic non-standard finite difference technique is most efficient as compared to other techniques used in literature.Analysis and comparison were explored in favour of convergence.Also,we address the comparison between the stochastic and deterministic models. | Wasfi Shatanawi Ali Raza Muhammad Shoaib Arif Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Muhammad Mohsin | 2021 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2021，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Aspergillus tubingensis Causes Leaf Spot of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Pakistan显示文摘Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is a key fiber crop of great commercial importance.Numerous phytopathogens decimate crop production by causing various diseases.During July-August 2018,leaf spot symptoms were recurrently observed on cotton leaves in Rahim Yar Khan,Pakistan and adjacent areas.Infected leaf samples were collected and plated on potato dextrose agar(PDA)media.Causal agent of cotton leaf spot was isolated,characterized and identified as Aspergillus tubingensis based on morphological and microscopic observations.Conclusive identification of pathogen was done on the comparative molecular analysis of CaM andβ-tubulin gene sequences.BLAST analysis of both sequenced genes showed 99%similarity with A.tubingensis.Koch’s postulates were followed to confirm the pathogenicity of the isolated fungus.Healthy plants were inoculated with fungus and similar disease symptoms were observed.Fungus was re-isolated and identified to be identical to the inoculated fungus.To our knowledge,this is the first report describing the involvement of A.tubingensis in causing leaf spot disease of cotton in Pakistan and around the world. | Maria Khizar Urooj Haroon Musrat Ali Samiah Arif Iftikhar Hussain Shah Hassan Javed Chaudhary Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis | 2020 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2020，89，1： | 0 |
| 10 | Terrorist attacks in the largest metropolitan city of Pakistan: Profile of soft tissue and skeletal injuries from a single trauma center显示文摘BACKGROUND: Pakistan has been hugely struck with massive bomb explosions(car and suicide bombs) resulting in multiple casualties in the past few years. The aim of this study is to present the patterns of skeletal and soft tissue injuries and to review the outcome of the victims who presented to our hospital.METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review from January 2008 to December 2012. The medical record numbers of patients were obtained from the hospital Health Information and Management Sciences(HIMS) as per the ICD-9 coding.RESULTS: During the study period, more than 100 suicide and implanted bomb blast attacks took place in the public proceedings, government offices, residential areas and other places of the city. Altogether 262 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 31±14 years. The shrapnel inflicted wounds were present on to the upper limb in 24 patients and the lower limb in 50.CONCLUSION: Long bone fractures were the most common skeletal injuries. The fractures were complicated by penetrating fragments and nails which result in post operative infections and prolonged hospital stay. | Muhammad Shahid Khan Shahan Waheed Arif Ali Narjis Mumtaz Asher Feroze Shahryar Noordin | 2015 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2015，6，3： | 0 |
| 11 | Analysis of Pneumonia Model via Efficient Computing Techniques显示文摘Pneumonia is a highly transmissible disease in children.According to the World Health Organization(WHO),the most affected regions include south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.Worldwide,15%of pediatric deaths can be attributed to pneumonia.Computing techniques have a significant role in science,engineering,and many other fields.In this study,we focused on the efficiency of numerical techniques via computer programs.We studied the dynamics of the pneumonia-like infections of epidemic models using numerical techniques.We discuss two types of analysis:dynamical and numerical.The dynamical analysis included positivity,boundedness,local stability,reproduction number,and equilibria of the model.We also discusswell-known computing techniques including Euler,Runge Kutta,and non-standard finite difference(NSFD)for the model.The non-standard finite difference(NSFD)technique shows convergence to the true equilibrium points of the model for any time step size.However,Euler and Runge Kutta do not work well over large time intervals.Computing techniques are the suitable tool for crosschecking the theoretical analysis of the model. | Kamaledin Abodayeh Ali Raza Muhammad Rafiq Muhammad Shoaib Arif Muhammad Naveed Zunir Zeb Syed Zaheer Abbas Kiran Shahzadi Sana Sarwar Qasim Naveed Badar Ul Zaman Muhammad Mohsin | 2022 | Computers, Materials & Continua2022，，3： | 0 |
| 12 | Rabi oscillation generation in the microring resonator system with double-series ring resonators显示文摘In this paper, a microring resonator(MRR) system using double-series ring resonators is proposed to generate and investigate the Rabi oscillations. The system is made up of silicon-on-insulator and attached to bus waveguide which is used as propagation and oscillation medium. The scattering matrix method is employed to determine the output signal intensity which acts as the input source between two-level Rabi oscillation states, where the increase of Rabi oscillation frequency with time is obtained at the resonant state. The population probability of the excited state is higher and unstable at the optical resonant state due to the nonlinear spontaneous emission process. The enhanced spontaneous emission can be managed by the atom(photon) excitation, which can be useful for atomic related sensors and single-photon source applications. | Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden Kashif Chaudhary Mahdi Bahadoran Muhammad Safwan Aziz Muhammad Arif Jalil Ong Chee Tiong Jalil Ali Preecha Yupapin | 2015 | Optoelectronics Letters2015，11，5： | 0 |
| 13 | Roadside dust contamination with toxic metals along industrial area in Islamabad, Pakistan显示文摘An investigation has been carried out to understand the contamination characteristics of roadside dust in the industrial area of Islamabad, Pakistan. The amounts of Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb,Zn, Ga, As, Se and Cd were determined from 95 roadside dust samples collected along the Islamabad industrial area using Proton Induced X-ray Emission(PIXE). The results indicated that concentrations of all elements,except Cd, in the roadside dust were significant. The results of the enrichment factor show that the elementary composition of the roadside dust could be categorized as soil elements from the crust of the earth and elements from anthropogenic pollution. The high enrichment factors imply that elements such Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Se,Cd, Ni, Co and S came from anthropogenic activities. The source of metal contamination was identified using multivariate statistical analysis. It has been concluded that Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Mn and Fe mainly originate from crustal sources; Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Ga are associated with point-sources from industrial pollution/traffic;and S, Cl, K, As and Se are mainly related to oil/coal combustion. | Waheed Akram Morgan Madhuku Kashif Shahzad Ali Awais Ishfaq Ahmad Muhammad Arif Ishaq Ahmad | 2014 | Nuclear Science and Techniques2014，25，3： | 0 |
| 14 | Efficient two-dimensional atom localization in a five-level conductive chiral atomic medium via birefringence beam absorption spectrum显示文摘We have theoretically investigated two-dimensional atom localization using the absorption spectra of birefringence beams of light in a single wavelength domain.The atom localization is controlled and modified through tunneling effect in a conductive chiral atomic medium with absorption spectra of birefringent beams.The significant localization peaks are investigated in the left and right circularly polarized beam.Single and double localized peaks are observed in different quadrants with minimum uncertainty and significant probability.The localized probability is modified by controlling birefringence and tunneling conditions.These results may be useful for the capability of optical microscopy and atom imaging. | Sajid Ali Muhammad Idrees Bakth Amin Bacha Arif Ullah Muhammad Haneef | 2021 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2021，73，1： | 0 |
| 15 | Numerical Treatment for Stochastic Computer Virus Model显示文摘This writing is an attempt to explain a reliable numerical treatment for stochastic computer virus model.We are comparing the solutions of stochastic and deterministic computer virus models.This paper reveals that a stochastic computer virus paradigm is pragmatic in contrast to the deterministic computer virus model.Outcomes of threshold number C^?hold in stochastic computer virus model.If C^?<1 then in such a condition virus controlled in the computer population while C^?>1 shows virus persists in the computer population.Unfortunately,stochastic numerical methods fail to cope with large step sizes of time.The suggested structure of the stochastic non-standard finite difference scheme(SNSFD)maintains all diverse characteristics such as dynamical consistency,boundedness and positivity as defined by Mickens.The numerical treatment for the stochastic computer virus model manifested that increasing the antivirus ability ultimates small virus dominance in a computer community. | Ali Raza Muhammad Shoaib Arif Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Muhammad Naveed Muhammad Usman Iqbal Zubair Butt Hafiza Anum Naseem Javeria Nawaz Abbasi | 2019 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2019，，8： | 0 |
| 16 | Numerical Simulations for Stochastic Computer Virus Propagation Model显示文摘We are presenting the numerical simulations for the stochastic computer virus propagation model in this manuscript.We are comparing the solutions of stochastic and deterministic computer virus models.Outcomes of a threshold number R0 hold in stochastic computer virus model.If R_(0)<1 then in such a condition virus controlled in the computer population while R_(0)>1 shows virus rapidly spread in the computer population.Unfortunately,stochastic numerical techniques fail to cope with large step sizes of time.The suggested structure of the stochastic non-standard finite difference technique can never violate the dynamical properties.On this basis,we can suggest a collection of strategies for removing virus’s propagation in the computer population. | Muhammad Shoaib Arif Ali Raza Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Javeria Nawaz Abbasi Amna Nazeer Umer Javed | 2020 | Computers, Materials & Continua2020，，1： | 0 |
| 17 | An Effective Numerical Method for the Solution of a Stochastic Coronavirus(2019-nCovid)Pandemic Model显示文摘Nonlinear stochastic modeling plays a significant role in disciplines such as psychology,finance,physical sciences,engineering,econometrics,and biological sciences.Dynamical consistency,positivity,and boundedness are fundamental properties of stochastic modeling.A stochastic coronavirus model is studied with techniques of transition probabilities and parametric perturbation.Well-known explicit methods such as Euler Maruyama,stochastic Euler,and stochastic Runge–Kutta are investigated for the stochastic model.Regrettably,the above essential properties are not restored by existing methods.Hence,there is a need to construct essential properties preserving the computational method.The non-standard approach of finite difference is examined to maintain the above basic features of the stochastic model.The comparison of the results of deterministic and stochastic models is also presented.Our proposed efficient computational method well preserves the essential properties of the model.Comparison and convergence analyses of the method are presented. | Wasfi Shatanawi Ali Raza Muhammad Shoaib Arif Kamaledin Abodayeh Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi | 2021 | Computers, Materials & Continua2021，，2： | 0 |
| 18 | Effect of age and gender on some blood biochemical parameters of apparently healthy small ruminants from Southern Punjab in Pakistan显示文摘Objective:To report and compare the hematological and serum biochemical profile of goal and sheep from Rahim Yar Khan district in Southern Punjab.Methods:One hundred and twenty blood samples(98 goat and 22 sheep) were collected and their blood glucose, hemoglobin and serum biochemical parameters,cholesterol,aspartate transaminase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were determined by using spectrophotometer.Parameters were compared between goat and sheep.Results:It was observed that glucose(P=0.001),LDH(P=0.001) and ALT(P=0.001) concentrations differed significantly between sheep and goats.The studied parameters were compared between buck and goats and also between young goats(less than 12 months old) and adults(more than 12 months old).It was found that age and gender did not affect these hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Condusions:It can be concluded that sheep have overall higher values than goals for studied hematological and serum biochemical parameters. | Shumaila Kiran Arif Mahmood Bhutta Bakhtyawar Ali Khan Sobia Durrani Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali Furhan Iqbal | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2012，2，4： | 0 |
| 19 | Push-Based Content Dissemination and Machine Learning-Oriented Illusion Attack Detection in Vehicular Named Data Networking显示文摘Recent advancements in the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network(VANET)have tremendously addressed road-related challenges.Specifically,Named Data Networking(NDN)in VANET has emerged as a vital technology due to its outstanding features.However,the NDN communication framework fails to address two important issues.The current NDN employs a pull-based content retrieval network,which is inefficient in disseminating crucial content in Vehicular Named Data Networking(VNDN).Additionally,VNDN is vulnerable to illusion attackers due to the administrative-less network of autonomous vehicles.Although various solutions have been proposed for detecting vehicles’behavior,they inadequately addressed the challenges specific to VNDN.To deal with these two issues,we propose a novel push-based crucial content dissemination scheme that extends the scope of VNDN from pullbased content retrieval to a push-based content forwarding mechanism.In addition,we exploitMachine Learning(ML)techniques within VNDN to detect the behavior of vehicles and classify them as attackers or legitimate.We trained and tested our system on the publicly accessible dataset Vehicular Reference Misbehavior(VeReMi).We employed fiveML classification algorithms and constructed the bestmodel for illusion attack detection.Our results indicate that RandomForest(RF)achieved excellent accuracy in detecting all illusion attack types in VeReMi,with an accuracy rate of 100%for type 1 and type 2,96%for type 4 and type 16,and 95%for type 8.Thus,RF can effectively evaluate the behavior of vehicles and identify attacker vehicles with high accuracy.The ultimate goal of our research is to improve content exchange and secureVNDNfromattackers.Thus,ourML-based attack detection and preventionmechanismensures trustworthy content dissemination and prevents attacker vehicles from sharing misleading information in VNDN. | Arif Hussain Magsi Ghulam Muhammad Sajida Karim Saifullah Memon Zulfiqar Ali | 2023 | Computers, Materials & Continua2023，76，9： | 0 |
| 20 | A reliable numerical analysis for stochastic gonorrhea epidemic model with treatment effect显示文摘The phenomena of disease spread are unpredictable in nature due to random mixing of individuals in a population.It is of more significance to include this randomness while modeling infectious diseases.Modeling epidemics including tlieir stochastic behavior could be a more realistic approach in many situations.In thus paper,a stochastic gon orrhea epidemic model with treatment effect has been analyzed numerically.Numerical solution of stochastic model is presented in comparison with its deterministic part.The dynamics of the gonorrhea disease is governed by a threshold quantity Ai called basic reproductive number.If.A1<1.then disease eventually dies out while A1>1 shows the persistence of disease in population.The standard numerical schemes like Euler Maruyaina.stochastic Euler and stochastic Rurige Kutta are highly dependent on step size and do not behave well in certain scenarios.A competitive non-standard finite dif ference numerical scheme in stochastic setting is proposed,which is independent of step size and remains consistent with the corresponding deterministic model. | Ali Raza Muhammad Shoaib Arif Muhammad Ualiq | 2019 | International Journal of Biomathematics2019，12，6： | 0 |
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