| 1 | Neuroimaging of inflammation in alcohol use disorder: a review显示文摘Alcohol use disorder(AUD) is a global health concern associated with several comorbidities.Various health problems related to AUD,such as cognitive deficits,have been linked to neuroinflammation.Alcohol use has been associated with changes in neuroimmune activity,although current literature has yielded mixed results.For example,markers of gliosis,including translocator protein 18-kDa(TSPO),proinflammatory cytokines,glutamate(Glu),and myo-inositol(mI),are disrupted in the alcohol-dependent brain.Further,neuroinflammatory-related phenomena including membrane turnover,blood brain barrier(BBB) permeability,and adenosine release have also shown alterations in AUD.However,current literature remains inconclusive about the directionality of these changes.Both in vivo and in vitro studies have provided insight on the relationship between alcohol use and neuroinflammatory processes,suggesting considerable treatment potential for alcohol use disorder and its inflammatory comorbidities.Here,we review current neuroimaging literature assessing the impacts of alcohol use on neuroimmune activity in the brain. | Dana EFELDMAN Katherine LMCPHERSON Catherine LBIESECKER Corinde EWIERS Peter MANZA Nora DVOLKOW Gene-Jack WANG | 2020 | Science China(Information Sciences)2020，63，7： | 0 |
| 2 | Bariatric surgery induces alterations in effective connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and limbic regions in obese patients显示文摘Obese subjects show enhanced brain responses in motivation and reward neurocircuitry encompassing sensory and somatic integration-interception,motivation-reward(striatal),emotion,and memory processes,which attenuate frontal region activation during food cues.Bariatric surgery(BS) is the only reliable treatment for morbid obesity.Unfortunately,it is unknown how BS affects neurocircuitry after weight loss.We aimed to examine effects of BS on the basal activity of brain areas involved in reward and motivation processing,emotion,memory,and gut-brain interaction.We combined resting-state fMRI with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF) and Granger causality analysis(GCA) to assess interactions between regions within the frontal-mesolimbic circuitry in 16 obese subjects(OB) and 22 normal-weight(NW) subjects.The OB group was studied at baseline and 1 month post BS.Comparisons between OB and NW,and preand post BS showed significant differences in ALFF in areas involved in drive(caudate,orbitofrontal cortex(OFC)),arousal(thalamus),and conditioning/memory(amygdala,hippocampus)(P < 0.05,FDR correction).GCA revealed that in the OB group,the OFC had greater connectivity to limbic regions(amygdala,hippocampus,and medial thalamus) and the caudate.Post BS,the connectivity of the OFC to limbic regions decreased,whereas the connectivity from the amygdala and hippocampus to the caudate and thalamus was enhanced,particularly in subjects with lower body mass index(BMI).OFC activation in the OB group was associated with BMI prior to surgery,and changes in OFC post surgery were associated with alterations in BMI.Overall,the functional connectivity of the OFC was significantly decreased.As it is important for salience attribution and connected to limbic brain regions involved with emotional reactivity and conditioning after BS,its significant association with BMI changes indicates the contribution of OFC changes to the improved control of eating behavior after surgery. | Shijun DUAN Gang JI Guanya LI Yang HU Wenchao ZHANG Jia WANG Dardo TOMASI Nora DVOLKOW Yongzhan NIE Guangbin CUI Gene-Jack WANG Yi ZHANG | 2020 | Science China(Information Sciences)2020，63，7： | 0 |
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