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| 1 | Insulin and heparin in treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis显示文摘TO THE EDITOR We read with great interest the case report, 'Hypertriglyceridemia -induced pancreatitis: A case-based review' by Gan et al[1] in the November 2006 issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology. | Pankaj Jain Ramesh Roop Rai Harsh Udawat Sandeep Nijhawan Amit Mathur | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，18： | 23 |
| 2 | Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy:An unresolved issue显示文摘Management of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy is based on expert opinion only,due to geographic and ethic variations.Nonbiliary causes should be sought as they are associated with worse outcomes.Alcohol as a cause of acute pancreatitis is not rare.Hemoconcentration as a marker of fluid def icit and severity should be predicted with caution and fluid resuscitation should be done carefully by closely monitoring the central venous pressure,cardiac and respiratory system.Hypercalcemia of hyperparathyroidism may be falsely lowered due to hypoalbuminemia or suppressed by magnesium tocolysis. | Pankaj Jain | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，16： | 17 |
| 3 | Surgical vs percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma in dangerous locations显示文摘AIM:To compare the long-term outcome of percutaneous vs surgical radiofrequency ablation(RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in dangerous locations.METHODS:One hundred and sixty-two patients with HCC in dangerous locations treated with percutaneous or surgical RFA were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into percutaneous RFA group and surgical RFA group.After the patients were regularly followed up for a long time,their curative rate,hospital stay time,postoperative complications and 5-year local tumor progression were compared and analyzed.RESULTS:No significant difference was observed in curative rate between the two groups(91.3% vs 96.8%,P = 0.841).The hospital stay time was longer and more analgesics were required while the incidence of bile duct injury and RFA-related hemorrhage was lower in surgical RFA group than in percutaneous RFA group(P < 0.05).The local progression rate of HCC in dangerous locations was significantly lower in surgical RFA group than in percutaneous RFA group(P = 0.05).The relative risk of local tumor progression was 14.315 in percutaneous RFA group.CONCLUSION:The incidence of severe postoperative complications and local tumor progression is lower after surgical RFA than after percutaneous RFA. | Ji-Wei Huang Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro Kristopher P Croome Lu-Nan Yan Hong Wu Zhe-Yu Chen Pankaj Prasoon Yong Zeng | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，1： | 14 |
| 4 | Laparoscopic fenestration vs open fenestration in patients with congenital hepatic cysts: A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To determine whether the outcomes of laparoscopic fenestration (LF) were superior to open fenestration (OF) for congenital liver cysts.METHODS: Comparative studies published between January 1991 and May 2010 on Medline (Ovid),Emsco,PubMed,Science Direct;Cochrane Reviews;CNKI;Chinese Biomedical Database,VIP and other electronic databases were searched.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective case-control studies on the management of congenital hepatic cysts were collected according to the pre-determined eligibility criteria to establish a literature database.Retrieval was ended in May 2010.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software (Cochrane library).RESULTS: Nine retrospective case-control studies involving 657 patients,comparing LF with OF were included for the final pooled analysis.The meta-analysis results showed less operative time [mean difference (MD): -28.76,95% CI: -31.03 to 26.49,P < 0.00001];shorter hospital stay (MD: -3.35,95% CI: -4.46 to -2.24,P < 0.00001);less intraoperative blood loss (MD: -40.18,95% CI: -52.54 to -27.82,P < 0.00001);earlier return to regular diet (MD: -29.19,95% CI: -30.65 to -27.72,P < 0.00001) and activities after operation (MD: -21.85,95% CI: -31.18 to -12.51,P < 0.0001) in LF group;there was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative complications (odds ratio: 0.99,95% CI: 0.41 to 2.38,P = 0.98) and cysts recurrence rates.CONCLUSION: The short-term outcomes of LF for patients with congenital hepatic cysts were superior to open approach,but its long-term outcomes should be verified by further RCTs and extended follow-up. | Prasoon Pankaj | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，28： | 14 |
| 5 | Targeted therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumours显示文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumours(GISTs) are mesen-chymal neoplasms originating in the gastrointestinal tract, usually in the stomach or the small intestine, and rarely elsewhere in the abdomen. The malignant potential of GISTs is variable ranging from small lesions with a benign behaviour to fatal sarcomas. The majo-rity of the tumours stain positively for the CD-117(KIT) and discovered on GIST-1(DOG-1 or anoctamin 1) expression, and they are characterized by the presence of a driver kinase-activating mutation in either KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α. Although surgery is the primary modality of treatment, almost half of the patients have disease recurrence following surgery, which highlights the need for an effective adjuvant therapy. Traditionally, GISTs are considered chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistant. With the advent of targeted therapy(tyrosine kinase inhibitors), there has been a paradigm shift in the management of GISTs in the last decade. We present a comprehensive review of targeted therapy in the management of GISTs. | Ashish Jakhetiya Pankaj Kumar Garg Gaurav Prakash Jyoti Sharma Rambha Pandey Durgatosh Pandey | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，5： | 14 |
| 6 | Management of complex and redo cases of pelvic fracture urethral injuries显示文摘Objectives:Pelvic fracture urethral injuries(PFUI)result from traumatic disruption of the urethra.A significant proportion of cases are complex rendering their management challenging.We described management strategies for eight different complex PFUI scenarios.Methods:Our centre is a tertiary referral centre for complex PFUI cases.We maintain a prospective database(1995e2016),which we retrospectively analysed.All patients with PFUI managed at our institute were included.Results:Over two decades 1062 cases of PFUI were managed at our institute(521 primary and 541 redo cases).Most redo cases were referred to us from other centres.Redo cases had up to five prior attempts at urethroplasty.We managed complex cases,which included bulbar ischemia,young boys and girls with PFUI,PFUI with double block,concomitant PFUI and iatrogenic anterior urethral strictures.Bulbar ischemia merits substitution urethroplasty,most commonly,using pedicled preputial tube.PFUI in young girls is usually associated with urethrovaginal fistula.Young boys with PFUI commonly have a long gap necessitating trans-abdominal approach.Our success rate with individualised management is 85.60%in primary cases,79.13%in redo cases and 82.40%in cases of bulbar ischemia.Conclusion:The definition of complex PFUI is ever expanding.The best chance of success is at the first attempt.Anastomotic urethroplasty for PFUI should be performed in experienced hands at high volume centres. | Sanjay BKulkarni Sandesh Surana Devang JDesai Hazem Orabi Subramanian Iyer Jyotsna Kulkarni Ajit Dumawat Pankaj M.Joshi | 2018 | Asian Journal of Urology2018，5，2： | 13 |
| 7 | Preoperative therapy in locally advanced esophageal cancer显示文摘Esophageal cancer is an aggressive malignancy associated with dismal treatment outcomes. Presence of two distinct histopathological types distinguishes it from other gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment in locally advanced esophageal cancer(T2 or greater or node positive); however, a high rate of disease recurrence(systemic and loco-regional) and poor survival justifies a continued search for optimal therapy. Various combinations of multimodality treatment(preoperative/perioperative, or postoperative; radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy) are being explored to lower disease recurrence and improve survival. Preoperative therapy followed by surgery is presently considered the standard of care in resectable locally advanced esophageal cancer as postoperative treatment may not be feasible for all the patients due to the morbidity of esophagectomy and prolonged recovery time limiting the tolerance of patient. There are wide variations in the preoperative therapy practiced across the centres depending upon the institutional practices, availability of facilities and personal experiences. There is paucity of literature to standardize the preoperative therapy. Broadly, chemoradiotherapy is the preferred neo-adjuvant modality in western countries whereas chemotherapy alone is considered optimal in the far East. The present review highlights the significant studies to assist in opting for the best evidence based preoperative therapy(radiotherapy, chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) for locally advanced esophageal cancer. | Pankaj Kumar Garg Jyoti Sharma Ashish Jakhetiya Aakanksha Goel Manish Kumar Gaur | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，39： | 13 |
| 8 | Effect of preoperative biliary drainage on outcome of classical pancreaticoduodenectomy显示文摘AIM: To investigate the role of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) in the outcome of classical pancreaticodu odenectomy. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective data analysis was performed on patients (n = 48) undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy from March 1994 to March 2004 in department of surgery at SMS medical college, Jaipur, India. Demographic variables, details of preoperative stenting, operative procedure and post operative complications were noted. RESULTS: Preoperative biliary drainage was performed in 21 patients (43.5%). The incidence of septic complications was significantly higher in patients with biliary stent placement (P < 0.05, 0 vs 4). This group of patients also had a significantly higher minor biliary leak rate. Mortality and hospital stay in each group was comparable. CONCLUSION: Within this study population the use of PBD by endoscopic stenting was associated with a high incidence of infective complications. These findings do not support the routine use of biliary stenting in patients prior to pancreatico-duodenectomy. | Chandra Shekhar Bhati Chandrashekhar Kubal Pankaj Kumar Sihag Ankur Atal Gupta Raj Kamal Jenav Nicholas G Inston Jagdish M Mehta | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，8： | 12 |
| 9 | Environmental Stresses Modulate Abundance and Timing of Alternatively Spliced Circadian Transcripts in Arabidopsis显示文摘环境压力深刻地包括保留 intron (红外) 改变了胡说八道 mRNAs 的累积在 Arabidopsis 的抄本。导致压力的红外 mRNAs 的时间的模式用震荡和不振荡的抄本被把。宽广范围的热周期在长红外 CCA1 isoforms 触发了锋利的增加并且改变了他们分阶段执行到白天的不同时间。象干旱或 Pseudomonas syringae 感染那样的不能生活、关於生命的压力导致了类似的增加。热应力在 CCA1 I4Rb 抄本的累积导致了时间延期,而功能的 mRNA 显示出稳定的摆动。我们的数据帮助中央振荡器的导致压力的不稳定性能部分地在丰富和 CCA1 红外抄本的 out-of-phase 摆动通过变化被补偿的一个假设。一起拿,我们的结果支持 mRNA 丰富能通过改变比率在之间被调制的一个概念功能并且胡说八道 / 红外抄本。明确地绑在保留的 CCA1 intron 在的 SR45 蛋白质 ? vitro,建议这个拼接的因素能涉及 intron 保留的规定。调停胡说八道的 mRNA 腐烂(NMD ) 的 Transcriptomes 损害了,强调热的植物分享了与压力可诱导、防卫可诱导的抄本联系的一套保留的 introns。在 NMD 异种的某些压力反应网络的组成的激活能被连接到不平衡在之间功能并且胡说八道 mRNAs。 | Sergei A. Filichkin Jason S. Cumbie Palitha Dharmawardhana Pankaj Jaiswal Jeff H. Chang Saiprasad G. Palusa A.S.N. Reddy Molly Megraw Todd C. Mockler | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，2： | 11 |
| 10 | Portal vein thrombosis: Etiology and clinical outcome of cirrhosis and malignancy-related non-cirrhotic, non-tumoral extrahepatic portal venous obstruction显示文摘The etiology and pathogenesis of portal vein thrombosis are unclear. Portal venous thrombosis presentation differs in cirrhotic and tumor-related versus non-cirrhotic and non-tumoral extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO). Non-cirrhotic and non-tumoral EHPVO patients are young and present with well tolerated bleeding. Cirrhosis and tumor-related portal vein thrombosis patients are older and have a grim prognosis. Among the 118 patients with portal vein thrombosis, 15.3% had cirrhosis, 42.4% had liver malignancy (primary or metastatic), 6% had pancreatitis (acute or chronic), 5% had hypercoagulable state and 31.3% had idiopathy, 12% had hypercoagulable state in the EHPVO group. | Pankaj Jain Sandeep Nijhawan | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，39： | 10 |
| 11 | 硫酸基转移酶2A1蛋白在子宫肌瘤组织的表达及其临床意义研究显示文摘目的探讨硫酸基转移酶2A1(SULT2A1)蛋白与子宫肌瘤的发生、发展之间的关系。方法 30例子宫肌瘤标本均来自中国医科大学附属盛京医院妇科2013年12月至2014年6月因患子宫肌瘤而行子宫全切除术或子宫次全切除术患者。检测子宫肌瘤组织、相应肌瘤包膜外子宫肌层组织及10例因子宫脱垂行子宫切除术的子宫肌层组织中SULT2A1蛋白的表达。结果 SULT2A1蛋白在子宫肌瘤、肌瘤包膜外肌层组织及正常子宫肌层组织中的相对含量分别为(0.207±0.058),(0.332±0.108)和(0.532±0.108),3组比较,F值为28.379,P<0.01。SNK两两比较结果显示,任意两个组别间差异均有统计学意义。肌瘤组与正常子宫肌层组SULT2A1蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肌瘤组与肌瘤包膜外肌层组SULT2A1蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肌瘤包膜外肌层组与正常子宫肌层组SULT2A1蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 SULT2A1在子宫肌瘤组织中的低表达可能会导致内源性雌激素水平升高,推测可能抑制子宫肌瘤的发生与发展。 | 刘易斯 Pankaj Pratap Deo 宋燕 冷旭 曾志 王敏 | 2016 | 中国实用妇科与产科杂志2016，32，5： | 10 |
| 12 | Active learning for accelerated design of layered materials显示文摘Hetero-structures made from vertically stacked monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides hold great potential for optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices.Discovery of the optimal layered material for specific applications necessitates the estimation of key material properties,such as electronic band structure and thermal transport coefficients.However,screening of material properties via brute force ab initio calculations of the entire material structure space exceeds the limits of current computing resources.Moreover,the functional dependence of material properties on the structures is often complicated,making simplistic statistical procedures for prediction difficult to employ without large amounts of data collection.Here,we present a Gaussian process regression model,which predicts material properties of an input hetero-structure,as well as an active learning model based on Bayesian optimization,which can efficiently discover the optimal hetero-structure using a minimal number of ab initio calculations.The electronic band gap,conduction/valence band dispersions,and thermoelectric performance are used as representative material properties for prediction and optimization.The Materials Project platform is used for electronic structure computation,while the BoltzTraP code is used to compute thermoelectric properties.Bayesian optimization is shown to significantly reduce the computational cost of discovering the optimal structure when compared with finding an optimal structure by building a regression model to predict material properties.The models can be used for predictions with respect to any material property and our software,including data preparation code based on the Python Materials Genomics(PyMatGen)library as well as python-based machine learning code,is available open source. | Lindsay Bassman Pankaj Rajak Rajiv K.Kalia Aiichiro Nakano Fei Sha Jifeng Sun David J.Singh Muratahan Aykol Patrick Huck Kristin Persson Priya Vashishta | 2018 | npj Computational Materials2018，，1： | 10 |
| 13 | Autochthonous halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote bacoside A yield of Bacopa monnieri(L.)Nash and phytoextraction of salt-affected soil显示文摘Phytoremediation is a promising approach for reclamation of salt-affected soil.Phytoextraction is the most commonly used process,which exploits plants to absorb,immobilize,and accumulate salt in their shoots.In this study,halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)were isolated from the rhizosphere of wild grasses growing naturally in salt-affected areas of Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh(India)and were tested for their efficacies of salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting(PGP)abilities.Based on 16S rRNA sequences,the most efficient halotolerant isolates possessing PGP traits were identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(KM 233646),Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(KM 233647),Bacillus flexus(KM 233648),and Bacillus safensis(KM 233652).Application of these isolates as bio-inoculants significantly(P<0.05)increased the growth and bacoside A yield of a medicinal plant,Bacopa monnieri(L.)Nash,grown on natural salt-affected soil.The phytoremediation of salt-affected soil was evident by the substantial increase in shoot Na^+:K^+ratio of bio-inoculant-treated plants.When compared to un-inoculated control plants,the soil physico-chemical properties of bio-inoculant-treated plants were improved.The shoot and root biomass(fresh and dry weights),soil enzymes,and soil nutrient parameters showed significant positive correlations with the shoot Na+:K+ratio.Consequently,the halotolerant PGPR screened in this study could be useful for the reclamation of saline soils concomitant with improved plant growth and bacoside A yield. | Umesh PANKAJ Durgesh Narain SINGH Pooja MISHRA Pooja GAUR C.S.Vivek BABU Karuna SHANKER Rajesh Kumar VERMA | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，5： | 9 |
| 14 | Lessons learned from an audit of 1250 anal fistula patients operated at a single center:A retrospective review显示文摘BACKGROUND A complex anal fistula is a challenging disease to manage.AIM To review the experience and insights gained in treating a large cohort of patients at an exclusive fistula center.METHODS Anal fistulas operated on by a single surgeon over 14 years were analyzed.Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging was done in all patients.Four procedures were performed:fistulotomy;two novel sphincter-saving procedures,proximal superficial cauterization of the internal opening and regular emptying and curettage of fistula tracts(PERFACT)and transanal opening of intersphincteric space(TROPIS),and anal fistula plug.PERFACT was initiated before TROPIS.As per the institutional GFRI algorithm,fistulotomy was done in simple fistulas,and TROPIS was done in complex fistulas.Fistulas with associated abscesses were treated by definitive surgery.Incontinence was evaluated objectively by Vaizey incontinence scores.RESULTS A total of 1351 anal fistula operations were performed in 1250 patients.The overall fistula healing rate was 19.4%in anal fistula plug(n=56),50.3%in PERFACT(n=175),86%in TROPIS(n=408),and 98.6%in fistulotomy(n=611)patients.Continence did not change significantly after surgery in any group.As per the new algorithm,1019 patients were operated with either the fistulotomy or TROPIS procedure.The overall success rate was 93.5%in those patients.In a subgroup analysis,the overall healing rate in supralevator,horseshoe,and fistulas with an associated abscess was 82%,85.8%,and 90.6%,respectively.The 90.6%healing rate in fistulas with an associated abscess was comparable to that of fistulas with no abscess(94.5%,P=0.057,not significant).CONCLUSION Fistulotomy had a high 98.6%healing rate in simple fistulas without deterioration of continence if the patient selection was done judiciously.The sphincter-sparing procedure,TROPIS,was safe,with a satisfactory 86%healing rate for complex fistulas.This is the largest anal fistula series to date. | Pankaj Garg Baljit Kaur Ankita Goyal Vipul D Yagnik Sushil Dawka Geetha R Menon | 2021 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2021，13，4： | 8 |
| 15 | Use of a Bioaugmented Organic Soil Amendment in Combination with Gypsum for Withania somnifera Growth on Sodic Soil显示文摘Limited availability of organic matter is a problem to sustain crop growth on sodic soil. Organic soil amendments are a costeffective source of nutrients to enhance crop growth. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an organic soil amendment bioaugmented with plant growth-promoting fungi(SF_(OA) ) in combination with gypsum on soil properties and growth and yield attributes of Withania somnifera, one of the most valuable crops of the traditional medicinal system in the world, on a sodic soil at the Aurawan Research Farm of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. The SF_(OA) used was prepared by pre-enriching farm waste vermicompost with plant growth-promoting fungi before mixing with pressmud and Azadirachta indica seed cake. The application of SF_(OA) at 10 Mg ha^(-1)after gypsum(25.0 Mg ha^(-1)) treatment significantly(P < 0.05) increased root length(by 96%) and biomass(by 125%) of Withania plants compared to the control without SF_(OA) and gypsum. Similarly, the highest withanolide contents were observed in leaves and roots of Withania plants under 10 Mg ha^(-1)SF_(OA) and gypsum. Combined application of SF_(OA) and gypsum also improved physical, chemical and enzymatic properties of the soil, with the soil bulk density decreasing by 25%, water-holding capacity increasing by 121%, total organic C increasing by 90%, p H decreasing by 17% and alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase and cellulase activities increasing by 54%, 128%, 81% and 96%, respectively, compared to those of the control. These showed that application of the SF_(OA) tested in this study might reclaim sodic soil and further support Withania cultivation and results were better when the SF_(OA) was applied after gypsum treatment. | Manjul GUPTA Pankaj Kumar SRIVASTAVA SHIKHA Abhishek NIRANJAN Shri Krishna TEWARI | 2016 | Pedosphere2016，26，3： | 7 |
| 16 | A Review of Heat Transfer Enhancement through Flow Disruption in a Microchannel显示文摘In this paper a comprehensive review of heat transfer enhancement through microchannels has been presented. Over the past few years due to multifunction, shrinking package size and high power dissipation, the heat flux per unit area has increased significantly. Microchannels, with their large heat transfer surface to volume ratio and their small volumes, have shown a good thermal performance. Microchannels have been proven to be a high performance cooling technique which is able to dissipate heat flux effectively from localized hot spots over small surface area. A good amount of heat transfer augmentation techniques have been reported on flow disruption through microchannel. These techniques promote free stream separation at the leading edge which results in boundary layer development and enhanced mixing leading to increased heat transfer. Flow disruption can be achieved through passive surface modifications, such as, shape of channel, dimple surfaces, ribs, cavities, groove structures, porous medium, etc. Combined effects of these geometrical configurations in heat transfer augmentation are also reported in the literature. In this paper recent developments in experimental and numerical simulations of single-phase liquid cooled microchannel have been discussed to analyze the pressure drop, friction and heat transfer characteristics due to different flow conditions, roughness structure and passive surface modifications. It has been observed that the flow disruption techniques are effective for heat transfer enhancement with lower penalties of increased pressure drop. The review concludes with suggestions for future research in this area. | Anupam Dewan Pankaj Srivastava | 2015 | Journal of Thermal Science2015，24，3： | 7 |
| 17 | Phosphorylation switch modulates the interdigitated pattern of PIN1 localization and cell expansion in Arabidopsis leaf epidermis显示文摘在多细胞的纸巾以内,房间可以并列地形成一单个或多重的极的轴,而是它是不清楚的普通机制是否管理极的轴形成的不同类型。大头针蛋白质的 phosphorylation 地位,被 PINOID (PID ) 蛋白质 kinase 和 PP2A 蛋白质磷酸酶直接影响,被知道在根和射击顶的双极的房间调整大头针本地化的顶端基础的极性。这里,我们提供证据 phosphorylation 调停地位的大头针极性开关广泛地被用来与交错的脑叶和缩进包括多极的人行道房间(PC ) 在 Arabidopsis 调制细胞的进程。当 FYPP1 基因,编码称为联系 phytochrome 的 serine/threonine 蛋白质磷酸酶的 PP2A,被击倒时或当 PID 基因是 overexpressed (35S::PID ) 时, PC interdigitation 的度也极大地被减少。这些基因修正引起了 PIN1 本地化从脑叶切换到缩进区域。PP2A 和 PID 调停了 PIN1 本地化切换惊人地类似于他们在另外的房间的大头针蛋白质的顶端基础的极性开关的规定。我们的调查结果为 PIN1 极性形成,在织物 / 器官两个都为模式形成是关键的一个基本细胞的过程和细胞的层次的规定建议普通机制。 | Hongjiang Li Deshu Lin Pankaj Dhonukshe Shingo Nagawa Dandan Chen Jifi Friml Ben Scheres Hongwei Guo Zhenbiao Yang | 2011 | Cell Research2011，21，6： | 7 |
| 18 | Emotional regulation of pain:the role of noradrenaline in the amygdala显示文摘The perception of pain involves the activation of the spinal pathway as well as the supra-spinal pathway,which targets brain regions involved in affective and cognitive processes.Pain and emotions have the capacity to influence each other reciprocally;negative emotions,such as depression and anxiety,increase the risk for chronic pain,which may lead to anxiety and depression.The amygdala is a key-player in the expression of emotions,receives direct nociceptive information from the parabrachial nucleus,and is densely innervated by noradrenergic brain centers.In recent years,the amygdala has attracted increasing interest for its role in pain perception and modulation.In this review,we will give a short overview of structures involved in the pain pathway,zoom in to afferent and efferent connections to and from the amygdala,with emphasis on the direct parabrachio-amygdaloid pathway and discuss the evidence for amygdala’s role in pain processing and modulation.In addition to the involvement of the amygdala in negative emotions during the perception of pain,this brain structure is also a target site for many neuromodulators to regulate the perception of pain.We will end this article with a short review on the effects of noradrenaline and its role in hypoalgesia and analgesia. | STROBEL Cornelia HUNT Sarah SULLIVAN Robert SUN JianYuan SAH Pankaj | 2014 | Science China(Life Sciences)2014，57，4： | 7 |
| 19 | Influence of heat treatment on the structural and optical properties of SrGd_2O_4:Eu^(3+) phosphor显示文摘Novel red emitting Eu3+ doped SrGd2O4 phosphors were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation method followed by a subsequent combustion process at various temperatures. A systematic study on the consequent structural evolution and optical properties were investigated as a function of various processing temperatures. With the enhancement of processing temperature, SrGd2O4 phosphor showed a gradual transformation from a mixed phase to monophasic nature, with minimized volatile impurities. The microscopic images exhibited homogeneous aggregates of varying shapes and sizes with an average length of about 0.5–5 μm. Eu3+doped SrGd2O4 phosphors prepared at low temperatures, showed miserably low values of red emission upon UV excitation owing to the presence of volatile impurities. The SrGd2O4:Eu3+ phosphors prepared at relatively high temperature exhibited strong red-orange emissions due to homogeneously occupied Eu3+ ions in the host lattice. The dominant red to orange(R/O) emission intensity ratios and CIE parameters of Eu3+ ions substantiated the site occupation of higher asymmetry sites of Gd3+ ions and the strong covalent nature. Dexter theory and critical distance calculation suggested that the dipole-dipole interaction could be responsible for the concentration quenching of Eu3+(4 mol.%) doped SrGd2O4 phosphors. Elevated physical and chemical durability and stable photoluminescence made these phosphors suitable for white LEDs and other display applications. | Jyoti Singh Pankaj Kr.Baitha J.Manam | 2015 | Journal of Rare Earths2015，33，10： | 7 |
| 20 | PERFACT procedure:A new concept to treat highly complex anal fistula显示文摘AIM: To check the efficacy of the PERFACT procedure in highly complex fistula-in-ano.METHODS: The PERFACT procedure(proximal superficial cauterization, emptying regularly fistula tracts and curettage of tracts) entails two steps: superficial cauterization of mucosa at and around the internal opening and keeping all the tracts clean. The principle is to permanently close the internal opening by granulation tissue. This is achieved by superficial electrocauterization at and around the internal opening and subsequently allowing the wound to heal by secondary intention. Along with this, all the tracts are curetted and it is ensured that they remain empty and clean in the postoperative period until they heal completely. The latter step also facilitates the closure of the internal opening by preventing collected fluid in the tracts from entering the internal opening and thus not letting it close. Objective incontinence scoring was done preoperatively and 3 mo after the operation.RESULTS: Fifty-one patients with complex fistula-inano were prospectively enrolled. The median followup was 9 mo(5-14 mo). The mean age was 42.7 ± 11.3 years. Male:female ratio was 43:8. Fistula was recurrent in 76.5%(39/51), horseshoe in 50.1%(26/51), had multiple tracts in 52.9%(27/51), had an associated abscess in 41.2%(21/51), was anterior in 33.3%(17/51), the internal opening was not found in 15.7%(8/51) and 9.8%(5/51) of fistulas had a supralevator extension. Seven patients were excluded(5 lost to follow up, 2 with tuberculosis leading to/associated with fistula-in-ano). The success rate was 79.5%(35/44) and the recurrence rate was 20.5%(9/44). Out of these recurrences, three underwent reoperation(2 PERFACT procedure, 1 fistulotomy) and all three were successful. Thus, the overall success rate was 86.4%. The only complication was a non-healing tract in 9.1%(4/44) of patients. There was no significant change in objective incontinence scores three months after the operation. The pain was minimal, with all patients resuming their normal activities within 72 h of the operation.CONCLUSION: The PERFACT procedure is a new effective method for complex fistula-in-ano, effective even in fistula associated with abscess, supralevator fistula-in-ano and where the internal opening is nonlocalizable. | Pankaj Garg Mahak Garg | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，13： | 7 |
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