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| 1 | Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review显示文摘To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials(DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes(i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi(ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe' status for ruminants. | Anil K Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nikhil Kumar Tejpal Dhewa Ravinder Kumar | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 17 |
| 2 | New aspects and strategies for methane mitigation from ruminants显示文摘 | Sanjay Kumar Prasanta Kumar Choudhury Maria Dolores Carro Gareth Wyn Griffith Sumit Singh Dagar Monica Puniya Serena Calabro Sreenivas Rao Ravella Tejpal Dhewa Ramesh Chandra Upadhyay Sunil Kumar Sirohi Shivlal Singh Kundu Metha Wanapat Anil Kumar Puniya | 2014 | Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology2014，，： | 1 |
| 3 | Single cell protein: a promising dietary substitute显示文摘 | PUNIYA A K SINGH S KUMAR C G | 1995 | Indian J Exp Biol1995，33，8： | 1 |
| 4 | In vitro degradation of wheat straw by anaerobic fungi from small ruminants 显示文摘 | THAREJA A PUNIYA A K GOEL G | 2006 | Arch Anita Nutr2006，60，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Hydrolytic activities of anaerobic fungi from wild blue bull ( Boselaphus tragocamelus) 显示文摘 | TRIPATHI V K SEHGAL J P PUNIYA A K | 2007 | Anaerobe2007，13，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Factors affecting rumen methanogens and methane mitigation strategies 显示文摘 | Kumar S Puniya A K Puniya M | 2009 | World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology2009，25，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Studies on the effect of particle size on solid - state fermenta- tion of sugarcane bagasse into animal feed using white - rot fungi 显示文摘 | Frantisek Zadrazil Anil Kumar Puniya | 1995 | Bioresource Technology1995，，54： | 1 |
| 8 | Prospective use of bacteriocinogenic Pediococcus pentosaceus as direct-fed microbial having methane reducing potential显示文摘Direct-fed microbials(DFM), generally regarded as safe status, are successfully used in improving rumen ecology, gastro-intestinal health, feed efficiency, milk production and growth rate in ruminants. On the other hand, methanogenesis in rumen, which accounts for a significant loss of ruminant energy and increased greenhouse gas in environment, is of great concern, therefore, use of DFM for improving productivity without compromising the animal health and ecological sustainability is encouraged. The present study was conducted to investigate the methane reducing potential of bacteriocinogenic strain Pediococcus pentosaceus-34. Since, the culture showed no hemolysis on blood agar and DNase activity, hence, it was considered to be avirulent in nature, a prerequisite for any DFM. The culture also showed tolerance to pH 5.0 for 24 h with 0.5% organic acid mixture, whereas when given a shock for 2 h at different p H and organic acids concentrations, it showed growth at pH 3.0 and 4.0 with 0.1 and 1.0% organic acids, respectively, as having good animal probiotics attributes. The total gas production was significantly(P<0.05) higher in live pedicoccal culture(LPC) and dead pedicoccal culture(DPC) both with wheat straw, when compared to the control. In sugarcane bagasse, gas production was significantly lower(P<0.05) with LPC compared to the control and DPC both. Methane was reduced by the inclusion of LPC in sugarcane bagasse(0.07 mL CH4 mg–1 dry matter digestibility) with no effect on other rumen fermentation parameters. However, with wheat straw and LPC total gas, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total volatile fatty acids increased significantly but no reduction in methane production was observed in comparison to the control. Therefore, further research is warranted in this direction, if the bacteriocinogenic strains can be used as DFM for ruminants to improve the ruminant productivity. | Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Seyed H Ebrahimi Ravinder K Malik Ramesh C Upadhyay Anil K Puniya | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Interaction of gut microflora with tannins in feeds显示文摘 | Goel G Puniya A K Aguilar C N | 2005 | Naturwissenschaften2005，92，： | 1 |
| 10 | Interaction of gut microflora with tannins in feeds显示文摘 | GUNJAN G PUNIYA A K AGUILAR C N | 2005 | Naturwissenschaften2005，92，： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of aiginate concentrations on survival of microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei NCDC-298显示文摘 | Mandal S Puniya AK Singh K | 2006 | International Dairy Journal2006，16，： | 1 |
| 12 | Influence of sunflower oil on conjugated linoleie acid production by Lactobaeillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei显示文摘 | Anil Kumar PUNIYA Chaitanya S REDDY Sanjay KUMAR | 2009 | Annals of Microbiology2009，59，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Hydrolytic activities of anaerobic fungi from wild blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) 显示文摘 | Tripathi V K Sehgal J P Puniya A K | 2007 | Anaerobe2007，13，： | 1 |
| 14 | Hydrolytic activities of anaerobic fungi from wild blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) 显示文摘 | Tripathi V K Sehgal J P Puniya A K | 2007 | Anaerobe2007，13，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Factors affecting rumen methanogens and methane mitigation strategies 显示文摘 | KUMAR S PUNIYA A PUNIYA M | 2009 | World Joumal of Microbiology and Bio- technology2009，25，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Factors affecting rumen methanogens and methane mitigation strategies显示文摘 | Kumar S Puniya A Puniya M | | 0，，09： | 1 |
| 17 | Phenotypic characterization of tanninprotein complex degrading bacteria from faeces of goat显示文摘 | Goel G Puniya A K Singh K | 2007 | Small Ruminant Research2007，69，13： | 1 |
| 18 | Phenotypic char- acterization of tannin-protein complex degrading bac- teria from faeces of goat 显示文摘 | GOEL G PUNIYA A K SINGH K | 2007 | Small Ruminant Re- search2007，69，123： | 1 |
| 19 | Factors affecting rumen meyhanogens and methane mitigation strategies 显示文摘 | Kumar S Puniya A Puniya M | 2009 | World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology2009，25，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Chan- ges in methane emission, rumen fermentation in re- sponse to diet and microbial interactions 显示文摘 | KUMAR S DAGAR S S PUNIYA A K | 2013 | Research in Veterinary Science2013，94，2： | 1 |
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