| 1 | Targeting integrin pathways:mechanisms and advances in therapy显示文摘Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix(ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases.Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms,including protein-protein interactions,conformational changes,and trafficking.Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade,integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years,but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics,targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge.To date,only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed,including abciximab,eptifibatide,tirofiban,natalizumab,vedolizumab,lifitegrast,and carotegrast.Currently,there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies,including small molecules,antibodies,synthetic mimic peptides,antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs),chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy,imaging agents,etc.A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs.Herein,we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic.In addition,we further discuss the trend of drug development,how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies,and the key points for clinical research,basic research,and translational research. | Xiaocong Pang Xu He Zhiwei Qiu Hanxu Zhang Ran Xie Zhiyan Liu Yanlun Gu Nan Zhao Qian Xiang Yimin Cui | 2023 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2023，8，2： | 3 |
| 2 | The Mechanism of Groundwater Salinization and Its Control in the Yaoba Oasis,Inner Mongolia显示文摘The arid area is one of the most concerned areas among the water resources researchers and economists. Northwest China will be an important developing region of China in the 21st century. Yaoba is a well-irrigation oasis within this arid area, which is located in the Alxa area west of the Helan Mountains and next to the Tengger desert in the east. It has contributed greatly to the local stock raising and agriculture since its development in 1970. However, the groundwater which the oasis depends on to survive has been getting salinized gradually and more serious in recent years.A comprehensive study was carried out using the methods of groundwater environment isotope analysis, lithofaci-es and palaeogeography, calculations of water-rock interaction and the existing form of chemical components in groundwater etc. It has been found that the salinization of groundwater is mainly caused by reinfiltration water solving the salt in soil which is deposited simultaneously with the sediments and accumulated in | WANG Bingchen QIU Hanxue XU Qian ZHENG Xilai LIU Guanqun | 2000 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2000，74，2： | 1 |
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