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| 1 | Occurrence of mycotoxins in feed ingredients and complete feeds obtained from the Beijing region of China显示文摘Background:The current study was carried out to provide a reference for the control of mycotoxin contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds for swine.Methods:A total of 55 feed ingredients,including 14 corn,13 wheat bran,11 soybean meal and 17 dried distillers grains with solubles(DDGS) as well as 76 complete swine feeds including 7 creep feeds,14 starter feeds,14 grower feeds,18 grower-finisher feeds,10 gestating sow feeds,and 13 lactating sow feeds were randomly collected from15 swine farms located in the Beijing region of China from July to August 2011.Immunoaffinity clean-up,using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) in combination with UV or Fluorescence Detection,was used for quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B,(AFB,),deoxynivalenol(DON),zearalenone(ZEA) and ochratoxin A(OTA) in the ingredients and complete feeds.Results:DON and ZEA were the most prevalent mycotoxins found.DON was detected at percentages of 93,92,54,100 and 97%with a mean level of 1.01,0.44,0.05,1.36 and 0.65 ppm in the samples of corn,wheat bran,soybean meal,DDGS and complete feeds,respectively.The detected percentages of ZEA were 100,100,54,100 and 100 with mean levels of 109.1,14.9,9.2,882.7 and 58.9 ppb in the same samples.In the wheat bran and soybean meal samples,the content of all four mycotoxins were below the maximum limits set by Chinese regulations while the percentage of samples that exceeded regulatory limits were 7,57 and 7%for corn,and 7,14 and 3%for the complete feeds for AFB,,DON and OTA respectively.DDGS showed the most serious mycotoxin contamination and the percentage of samples that exceeded regulatory limits were 6,88 and 41%,for AFB,,DON and ZEA,respectively.Conclusions:This paper is the first to present data on the natural occurrence of AFB,,DON,ZEA and OTA in ingredients and complete feeds obtained from swine farms in China's Beijing region.The data shows that feed ingredients and complete swine feeds obtained from these farms are most often contaminated with DON followed by contamination with AFB,and ZEA. | Xiaoying Li Lihong Zhao Yu Fan Yaxiong Jia Lei Sun Shanshan Ma Cheng Ji Qiugang Ma Jianyun Zhang | 2014 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2014，5，4： | 7 |
| 2 | Alleviation of mycotoxin biodegradation agent on zearalenone and deoxynivalenol toxicosis in immature gilts显示文摘Background: The current study was carried out to evaluate the effects of mycotoxin biodegradation agent(MBA, composed of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01 G and Devosia sp. ANSB714) on relieving zearalenone(ZEA) and deoxynivalenol(DON) toxicosis in immature gilts.Methods: A total of forty pre-pubertal female gilts(61.42 ± 1.18 kg) were randomly allocated to four diet treatments: CO(positive control); MO(negative control, ZEA 596.86 μg/kg feed and DON 796 μg/kg feed);COA(CO + 2 g MBA/kg feed); MOA(MO + 2 g MBA/kg feed). Each treatment contained 10 replicates with 1 gilt per replicate. Gilts were housed in an environmentally controlled room with the partially slatted floor.Results: During the entire experimental period of 28 d, average daily gain(ADG) and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of gilts in MO group was significantly reduced compared with those in CO group. The vulva size of gilts was significantly higher in MO group than CO group. In addition, significant increases in the plasma levels of Ig A,Ig G, IL-8, IL-10 and PRL were determined in MO group compared with that in CO group. ZEA and DON in the diet upregulated apoptotic caspase-3 in ovaries and uteri, along with down-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in ovaries. The supplementation of MBA into diets co-contaminated with ZEA and DON significantly increased ADG, decreased the vulva sizes, reduced the levels of Ig G, IL-8 and PRL in plasma, and regulated apoptosis in ovaries and uteri of gilts.Conclusions: The present results indicated that feeding diet contaminated with ZEA and DON simultaneously(596.86 μg/kg + 796 μg/kg) had detrimental effects on growth performance, plasma immune function and reproductive status of gilts. And MBA could reduce the negative impacts of these two toxins, believed as a promising feed additive for mitigating toxicosis of ZEA and DON at low levels in gilts. | Donghui Shi Jianchuan Zhou Lihong Zhao Xiaoping Rong Yu Fan Humera Hamid Wenqiang Li Cheng Ji Qiugang Ma | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，3： | 7 |
| 3 | Dietary ellagic acid ameliorated Clostridium perfringens-induced subclinical necrotic enteritis in broilers via regulating inflammation and cecal microbiota显示文摘Background: Subclinical necrotic enteritis(SNE), a common intestinal disease of broiler caused by Clostridium perfringens, could reduce production performance of broilers by chronic intestinal damage and poor absorption of nutrients. Ellagic acid(EA) has been reported to present antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on human and animals in many aspects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect and mechanism of EA in relieving SNE in broilers induced by C. perfringens.Results: C. perfringens challenge decreased body weight(BW), average daily gain(ADG), jejunal villi height/crypt depth(V/C) ratio, the activity of catalase(CAT) and the mRNA expression of zonula occludens 1(ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa of broilers. While feed conversion ratios(FCR), jejunal crypt depth(CD), the activities of myeloperoxidase(MPO) and diamine oxidase(DAO), as well as the concentrations of interleukin 6(IL-6), C-reactive protein(CRP) and procalcitonin(PCT) in serum, the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and lysozyme(LZM), the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA), and the mRNA expressions of claudin-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR-4, TLR-2, NF-κB,JAK3, STAT6 and iNOS in jejunal mucosa of broilers were increased by C. perfringens challenge. Dietary EA supplement relieved these adverse effects, and heightened jejunal villi height(VH), the concentration of D-xylose in plasma, activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), and the mRNA expression of occludin in jejunal mucosa of broilers.The alpha diversity of cecal microbiota indicated that dietary EA supplement increased observed species and Shannon index. C. perfringens challenge increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreased the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota in cecal microbiota. EA increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in cecal microbiota. LEfSe analysis showed that C. perfringens challenge triggered the imbalance of cecal microbiota in broilers, dietary EA supplementation led to a small beneficial effect on microbiota, while the simultaneous effect of them seemed to stimulate the immune function of broilers by improving the microbiota balance.Conclusions: Dietary EA ameliorated C. perfringens-induced SNE in broilers via regulating jejunal inflammation signaling pathways TLR/NF-κB and JAK3/STAT6, relieving jejunal oxidative stress and balancing cecal microbiota to inhibit intestinal barrier damage, prevent systemic inflammatory response and improve nutrient absorption capacity,finally protect and enhance growth performance of broilers. | Yu Tang Xinyue Zhang Yanan Wang Yongpeng Guo Peiqi Zhu Guiguan Li Jianyun Zhang Qiugang Ma Lihong Zhao | 2022 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2022，13，5： | 3 |
| 4 | Zearalenone toxicosis on reproduction as estrogen receptor selective modulator and alleviation of zearalenone biodegradative agent in pregnant sows显示文摘Background:Zearalenone(ZEA)is a resorcylic acid lactone derivative derived from various Fusarium species that are widely found in food and feeds.The molecular structure of ZEA resembles that of the mammalian hormone 17β-oestradiol,thus zearalenone and its metabolites are known to compete with endogenous hormones for estrogen receptors binding sites and to activate transcription of oestrogen-responsive genes.However,the effect of long-term low-dose ZEA exposure on the reproductive response to Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture for first-parity gilts has not yet been investigated.This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of ZEA as an estrogen receptor selective modulator and the alleviating effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G cultures as ZEA biodegraders in pregnant sows during their first parity.Results:A total of 80 first-parity gilts(Yorkshire×Landrace)were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments during gestation:CO(positive control);MO(negative control,246μg ZEA/kg diet);COA(CO+B.subtilis ANSB01G culture with 2×10^(9)CFU/kg diet);MOA(MO+B.subtilis ANSB01G culture with 2×10^(9)CFU/kg diet).There were 20 replications per treatment with one gilt per replicate.Feeding low-dose ZEA naturally contaminated diets disordered most of reproductive hormones secretion and affected estrogen receptor-αand estrogen receptor-βconcentrations in serum and specific organs and led to moderate histopathological changes of gilts,but did not cause significant detrimental effects on reproductive performance.The addition of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture to the diet can effectively relieve the competence of ZEA to estrogen receptor and the disturbance of reproductive hormones secretion,and then ameliorate toxicosis of ZEA in gilts.Conclusions:Collectively,our study investigated the effects of feeding low-dose ZEA on reproduction in pregnant sows during their first parity.Feeding low-dose ZEA could modulate estrogen receptor-αand-βconcentrations in specific organs,cause disturbance of reproductive hormones and vulva swelling,and damage organ histopathology and up-regulate apoptosis in sow models.Diet with Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G alleviated negative effects of the ZEA on gilts to some extent. | Jianchuan Zhou Lihong Zhao Shimeng Huang Qingxiu Liu Xiang Ao Yuanpei Lei Cheng Ji Qiugang Ma | 2022 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2022，13，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Dietary supplementation of porcine bile acids improves laying performance,serum lipid metabolism and cecal microbiota in latephase laying hens显示文摘Due to the exceptional laying performance of hens,the demand on lipid metabolism and oxidation in vivo is vigorous,resulting in excessive lipid accumulation in late-phase hens,which lowers the production performance.Bile acids regulate lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in humans and animals.However,the effect of porcine bile acids on lipid metabolism and cecal microbiota in laying hens in the late phase is still unclear.A total of 360 healthy 45-week-old laying hens were chosen for a 24-week feeding trial,where 0,30,60 and 90 mg/kg porcine bile acids were added to a basal diet,respectively.The results showed that dietary supplementation of 60 mg/kg bile acids increased egg production and feed conversion(P<0.05).Also,60 and 90 mg/kg porcine bile acids reduced abdominal fat percentage and body weight(P<0.05).The levels of serum total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of hens decreased(P<0.05)in bile acids supplement groups.As for cecal microbiota,bile acids supplementation did not affect the alpha diversity of cecal microbiota at the genus level.Moreover,dietary supplementation of 90 mg/kg bile acids resulted in an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the cecum,such as Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium and Turicibacter.The changes in the cecal microbiota caused by bile acids supplementation correlated with serum lipid indexes.According to KEGG pathway analysis,dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg bile acids promoted structural transformation of the cecal microbiota to down-regulate steroid biosynthesis,up-regulate fatty acid degradation and up-regulate unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Meanwhile,bile acids bioisomerization function of cecal microbiota was enhanced in 60 and 90 mg/kg bile acids treatment,and the short-chain fatty acid metabolism was also affected.In conclusion,the present study revealed dietary supplementation of porcine bile acids enriched probiotics in the gut and improved serum lipid metabolism of laying hens.These findings demonstrate that porcine bile acids can be a potential gut beneficial promoter for late-phase laying hens. | Bowen Yang Shimeng Huang Guoxian Zhao Qiugang Ma | 2022 | Animal Nutrition2022，，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets显示文摘Maize grain is primarily used as an energy source for poultry and other animals.Maize has relatively high phytate-P content and very low intrinsic phytase activity.Given that feed phosphates are produced from finite rock phosphate resources,a reduction in the use of feed phosphates in maize-based diets by increasing the utilization of plant P sources by animals is necessary to make poultry meat and egg production more sustainable.The utilization of P by poultry is affected by two intrinsic characteristics of maize:the concentration of inositol phosphates and the activity of the intrinsic phytase of the grain in the digestive tract.The objective of this review is to present data on the variation that exists in composition of maize relevant for P use and to address factors that influence P utilization in maize-based diets of poultry.Broiler chickens and laying hens have the potential to degrade phytate in the gastrointestinal tract,but this is depressed by high dietary Ca and P concentrations.Published values of phytate degradation in broilers are overall higher than those in laying hens.Differences also exist between broiler chickens and growing turkeys and Pekin ducks.The exogenous supplementation of microbial phytases and the introduction of transgenic high phytase maize in poultry diets are efficient not only for the improvement of phytate-P digestibility,production performance,egg quality and bone mineralization,but also for the reduction of P excreta to control environmental impact. | Qiugang MA Markus RODEHUTSCORD Moritz NOVOTNY Lan LI Luqing YANG | 2019 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2019，6，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Vitamin K alleviates bone calcium loss caused by Salmonella Enteritidis through carboxylation of osteocalcin显示文摘Background:The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of vitamin K(VK)supplementation on bone health of laying hens challenged by Salmonella Enteritidis.Methods:A total of 8032-week-old double negative salmonella-free brown-egg laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 20 replicates each(1 bird per replicate)according to a 2×2 factorial design with 2 dietary VK supplementation levels[0 mg/kg(VK0)vs 2 mg/kg VK(VK2)and 2 challenge treatments[Salmonella Enteritidis(SE)vs physiological saline solution(PS)].During the last 3 days of week 43 of age,birds of both VK treatments were either orally challenged with 1.0 mL suspension of 109 cfu/mL S.Enteritidis daily or received the same volume of PS.Results:The laying rate,daily egg mass,tibia strength,CT,cOC and cOC/(cOC+ucOC)of VK2 treatment increased(P<0.05)in contrast to VK0,however,the medullary area and ucOC of VK2 treatment decreased(P<0.05)in contrast to VK0.Mortality,medullary area,serum Ca content of SE treatments increased(P<0.05)in contrast to PS treatments.In both SE treatments,the decrease(P<0.05)in birds’tibia strength was associated with higher(P<0.05)Ca levels in serum.There is an interaction(P<0.05)between SE challenge and VK levels with regard to tibia strength and serum Ca levels.At week 42,serum CT was positively correlated with cOC(R=0.99,P=0.009);at week 44,tibia strength was positively correlated with BMD(R=0.95,P=0.045),but negatively correlated with medullary area(R=−0.98,P=0.018).Conclusions:VK(2 mg/kg)supplementation to diets of laying hens can enhance bone strength under challenge situations with Salmonella Enteritidis.Medullary area has proven to be a sensitive biomarker for bone calcium loss caused by SE infection. | Yaojun Liu Rainer Mosenthin Lihong Zhao Jianyun Zhang Cheng Ji Qiugang Ma | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，4： | 0 |
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