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| 1 | Amelioration of Salt Stress in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) by Supplying Potassium and Silicon in Hydroponics显示文摘A hydroponics experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of potassium (K) and silicon (Si) in mitigating the deleterious effects of NaCl on sugarcane genotypes differing in salt tolerance.Two salt-sensitive (CPF 243 and SPF 213) and two salt-tolerant (HSF 240 and CP 77-400) sugarcane genotypes were grown for six weeks in 1/2 strength Johnson's nutrient solution.The nutrient solution was salinized by two NaCl levels (0 and 100 mmol L 1 NaCl) and supplied with two levels of K (0 and 3 mmol L 1) and Si (0 and 2 mmol L 1).Applied NaCl enhanced Na + concentration in plant tissues and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced shoot and root dry matter in four sugarcane genotypes.However,the magnitude of reduction was much greater in salt-sensitive genotypes than salt-tolerant genotypes.The salts interfered with the absorption of K + and Ca 2+ and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased their uptake in sugarcane genotypes.Addition of K and Si either alone or in combination significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibited the uptake and transport of Na + from roots to shoots and improved dry matter yields under NaCl conditions.Potassium uptake,K + /Na + ratios,and Ca 2+ and Si uptake were also significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased by the addition of K and/or Si to the root medium.In this study,K and Si-enhanced salt tolerance in sugarcane genotypes was ascribed to decreased Na + concentration and increased K + with a resultant improvement in K + /Na + ratio,which is a good indicator to assess plant tolerance to salt stress.However,further verification of these results is warranted under field conditions. | M.ASHRAF RAHMATULLAH R.AHMAD A.S.BHATTI M.AFZAL A.SARWAR M.A.MAQSOOD S.KANWAL | 2010 | Pedosphere2010，20，2： | 13 |
| 2 | Reduction in secondary dendrite arm spacing in cast eutectic Al–Si piston alloys by cerium addition显示文摘The effects of Ce on the secondary dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) and mechanical behavior of Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloys were investigated. The reduction of SDAS at different Ce concentrations was evaluated in a directional solidification experiment via computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis(CA-CCTA). The results showed that 0.1wt%–1.0wt% Ce addition resulted in a rapid solidification time, ?ts, and low solidification temperature, ?T_S, whereas 0.1wt% Ce resulted in a fast solidification time, Δ^(ta–Al), of the α-Al phase. Furthermore, Ce addition refined the SDAS, which was reduced to approximately 36%. The mechanical properties of the alloys with and without Ce were investigated using tensile and hardness tests. The quality index(Q) and ultimate tensile strength of(UTS) Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloys significantly improved with the addition of 0.1wt% Ce. Moreover, the base alloy hardness was improved with increasing Ce concentration. | R.Ahmad M.B.A.Asmael N.R.Shahizan S.Gandouz | 2017 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2017，24，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Curcumin preconditioning enhances the efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to accelerate healing of burn wounds显示文摘Background:Following recent findings from our group that curcumin preconditioning augments the therapeutic efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells in the healing of diabetic wounds in rats,we aimed to investigate the regenerative effects of curcumin preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ASCs)for better recovery of acid inflicted burns in this study.Methods:ASCs were preconditioned with 5μM curcumin for 24 hours and assessed for proliferation,migration,paracrine release potential and gene expression comparative to naive ASCs.Subsequently,the healing capacity of curcumin preconditioned ASCs(Cur-ASCs)versus naive ASCs was examined using acidic wounds in rats.For this,acid inflicted burns of 20 mm in diameter were made on the back of male Wistar rats.Then,2×10^(6) cells of Cur-ASCs and naive ASCs were intradermally injected in the wound periphery(n=6)for comparison with an untreated saline control.Post-transplantation,wounds were macroscopically analysed and photographed to evaluate the percentage of wound closure and period of re-epithelization.Healed wound biopsies were excised and used for histological evaluation and expression analysis of wound healing markers at molecular level by quantitative PCR and western blotting.Results:We found that Cur-ASCs exhibited greater proliferation,migration and paracrine potential in vitro.Further,Cur-ASCs showed more effective recovery than naive ASCs as exhibited by gross morphology,faster wound closure and earlier re-epithelialization.Masson’s trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated the improved architecture of the healing burns,as evidenced by reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells,compact collagen and marked granulation in Cur-ASC treated rats.Corroborating these findings,molecular assessment showed significantly reduced expressions of pro-inflammatory factors(interleukin-1 beta,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor alpha)a with striking upsurge of an oxidative marker(superoxide dismutase 1),proangiogenic factors(vascular endothelial growth factor,hepatocyte growth factor,hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha)and collagen markers(transforming growth factor beta 1,fibroblast growth factor-2,collagen type 1 alpha 1),verifying that Cur-ASCs modulate the regulation of pro-inflammatory and healing markers at burn sites.Conclusions:Treatment with Cur-ASCs resulted in faster re-epithelization of acid inflicted burns compared to the treatment with naive ASCs.Based on observed findings,we suggest the transplantation of Cur-ASCs is a valuable therapy for the potent clinical management of acidic burns. | Maryam Azam Hafiz Ghufran Hira Butt Azra Mehmood Ramla Ashfaq Asad M.Ilyas Muhammad R.Ahmad Sheikh Riazuddin | 2021 | Burns & Trauma2021，9，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Effect of Power and Nitrogen Content on the Deposition of CrN Films by Using Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering Plasma显示文摘CrN thin films are deposited on stainless steel (AISI-304) substrate using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering in a mixture of nitrogen and argon plasma. Two set of samples are prepared. The first set of sample is treated at different powers (100 W to 200 W) in a mixture of argon (95%) and nitrogen (5%). The second set of samples is treated at different nitrogen concentrations (5% to 20%) in argon (95% to 80%) for a constant power (150 W). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis exhibits the development of new phases related to different compounds. The crystallinity of CrN varies by varying the applied power and nitrogen content. Crystallite size and residual stresses of the CrN (111) plane show similar variation for the applied power and nitrogen contents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows the formation of a granular surface morphology that varies with the change of powers and nitrogen content. The thickness of the film is measured using SEM cross sectional images and using atomic force microscopy (AFM) scratch analysis. The maximum film thickness (about 755 nm) is obtained for the film deposited at 5% nitrogen in 95% argon at 150 W power. For these conditions, maximum hardness is also observed. | Umm-i-KALSOOM R.AHMAD Nisar ALI I.A.KHAN Sehrish SALEEM Uzma IKHLAQ Nasarullah KHAN | 2013 | Plasma Science and Technology2013，15，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Nitriding of Aluminium Alloy in Nitrogen and Nitrogen-Helium Mixture Using 100 Hz-Pulsed DC Glow Discharge显示文摘Nitriding of aluminium alloy (AlFe_(1.8)Zn_(0.8)) in nitrogen and nitrogen-helium mixturewas carried out by using 100 Hz-pulsed DC glow discharge. Samples are treated for differentdurations, namely 4 h, 8 h and 12 h, in nitrogen plasma as well as in a mixture of nitrogenheliumplasma for the same processing duration of 4 h. All nitriding treatments are carried out atan input power of 100 W, filling pressure of 1 mbar and substrates temperature of 250℃. X-raydiffraction (XRD) results show an expansion in lattice spacing and consequently shift of diffractionpeaks towards lower angle with the addition of helium in nitrogen plasma. Surface morphology ofthe treated sample is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersiveX-ray analysis (EDX). Vickers micro-hardness testing results show increases in surface hardnesswith processing duration as well as with the addition of helium in nitrogen plasmas. This increaseof surface hardness may be attributed to the diffusion of nitrogen content in the surface layergenerating internal stresses. It is observed that the addition of helium positively affects thenitriding of samples. | Nasrullah KHAN M.SHOAIB SHAH R.AHMAD | 2010 | Plasma Science and Technology2010，12，4： | 0 |
| 6 | Nitriding molybdenum: Effects of duration and fill gas pressure when using 100-Hz pulse DC discharge technique显示文摘Molybdenum is nitrided by a 100-Hz pulsed DC glow discharge technique for various time durations and fill gas pressures to study the effects on the surface properties of molybdenum. X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and atomic force microscopy(AFM) are used for the structural and morphological analysis of the nitrided layers. Vickers' microhardness tester is utilized to investigate surface microhardness. Phase analysis shows the formation of more molybdenum nitride molecules for longer nitriding durations at fill gas pressures of 2 mbar and 3 mbar(1 bar = 105Pa). A considerable increase in surface microhardness(approximately by a factor of 2) is observed for longer duration(10 h) and 2-mbar pressure. Longer duration(10 h) and 2-mbar fill gas pressure favors the formation of homogeneous, smooth, hard layers by the incorporation of more nitrogen. | U.Ikhlaq R.Ahmad M.Shafiq S.Saleem M.S.Shah T.Hussain I.A.Khan K.Abbas M.S.Abbas | 2014 | Chinese Physics B2014，23，10： | 0 |
| 7 | Estimation of morphological traits of foliage and effective plant spacing in NFT-based aquaponics system显示文摘Deep learning and computer vision techniques have gained significant attention in the agriculture sector due to their non-destructive and contactless features.These techniques are also being integrated into modern farming systems,such as aquaponics,to address the challenges hindering its commercialization and large-scale implementation.Aquaponics is a farming technology that combines a recirculating aquaculture system and soilless hydroponics agriculture,that promises to address food security issues.To complement the current research efforts,a methodology is proposed to automatically measure the morphological traits of crops such as width,length and area and estimate the effective plant spacing between grow channels.Plant spacing is one of the key design parameters that are dependent on crop type and its morphological traits and hence needs to be monitored to ensure high crop yield and quality which can be impacted due to foliage occlusion or overlapping as the crop grows.The proposed approach uses Mask-RCNN to estimate the size of the crops and a mathematical model to determine plant spacing for a self-adaptive aquaponics farm.For common little gem romaine lettuce,the growth is estimated within 2 cm of error for both length and width.The final model is deployed on a cloud-based application and integrated with an ontology model containing domain knowledge of the aquaponics system.The relevant knowledge about crop characteristics and optimal plant spacing is extracted from ontology and compared with results obtained from the final model to suggest further actions.The proposed application finds its signifi-cance as a decision support system that can pave the way for intelligent system monitoring and control. | R.Abbasi P.Martinez R.Ahmad | 2023 | Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture2023，，3： | 0 |
| 8 | Synthesis of ZrSiN composite films using a plasma focus device显示文摘ZrSiN thin films are synthesized by using plasma focus through various numbers of focus shots(10, 20, and 30),with samples placed at 9 cm away from the tip of the anode. Crystal structures, surface morphologies, and elemental compositions of ZrSiN films are characterized by an X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM)attached with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). XRD patterns confirm the formations of polycrystalline ZrSiN films. Crystallinity of nitride increases with the increase of focus shot number. The average crystallite size of zirconium nitride increases from 27 ± 3 nm to 73 ± 8 nm and microstrain decreases from 2.28 to 1.0 with the increase of the focus shot number. SEM results exhibit the formations of granular and oval-shaped microstructures, depending on the number of focus shots. EDS results confirm the presences of silicon, zirconium, nitrogen, and oxygen in the composite films. The content values of Zr and N in the composite films increase with the increase of the focus shot number. | R.Ahmad T.Hussain I.A.Khan R.S.Rawat | 2014 | Chinese Physics B2014，23，6： | 0 |
| 9 | Solidification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the as-cast ZRE1 magnesium alloy with different praseodymium contents显示文摘The influence of praseodymium(Pr) content on the solidification characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of ZRE1 magnesium(Mg) cast alloy was investigated. The obtained solidification parameters showed that Pr strongly affected the solidification time, leading to refinement of the microstructure of the alloys. When the freezing time was reduced to approximately 52 s, the grain size decreased by 12%. Mg_(12)Zn(Ce,Pr) was formed as a new phase upon the addition of Pr and was detected via X-ray diffraction analysis. The addition of Pr led to a substantial improvement in mechanical properties, which was attributed to the formation of intermetallic compounds; the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength increased by approximately 10% and 13%, respectively. Pr addition also refined the microstructure, and the hardness was recovered. The results herein demonstrate that the mechanical properties of Mg alloys are strongly influenced by their microstructure characteristics, including the grain size, volume fraction, and distribution of intermetallic phases. | Z.M.Sheggaf R.Ahmad M.B.A.Asmael A.M.M.Elaswad | 2017 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2017，24，11： | 0 |
| 10 | Post-annealing effect on the structural and mechanical properties of multiphase zirconia films deposited by a plasma focus device显示文摘Nanostructured multiphase zirconia films(MZFs) are deposited on Zr substrate by the irradiation of energetic oxygen ions emanated from a plasma focus device. The oxygen operating gas pressure of 1 mbar(1 bar = 105Pa) provides the most appropriate ion energy flux to deposit crystalline ZrO2 films. X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns reveal the formation of polycrystalline ZrO2 films. The crystallite size(CS), crystal growth, and dislocation densities are attributed to increasing focus shots, sample axial distances, and working gas pressures. Phase and orientation transformations from t-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2 and c-ZrO2 are associated with increasing focus shots and continuous annealing. For lower(200 C) annealing temperature(AT), full width at half maximum(FWHM) of diffraction peak, CS, and dislocation density(δ) for(020) plane are found to be 0.494, 16.6 nm, and 3.63 × 10 3nm 2while for higher(400 C) AT, these parameters for(111) plane are found to be 0.388, 20.87 nm, and 2.29 × 10 3nm 2, respectively. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) results demonstrate the formation of rounded grains with uniform distribution. The estimated values of atomic ratio(O/Zr) in ZrO2 films deposited for different axial distances(6 cm, 9 cm, and 12 cm) are found to be 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3, respectively. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) analysis reveals that the bands appearing at 441 cm-1 and 480 cm-1 belong to m-ZrO2 and t-ZrO2 phases, respectively. Maximum microhardness(8.65 ± 0.45 GPa) of ZrO2 film is ~ 6.7 times higher than the microhardness of virgin Zr. | I.A.Khan R.S.Rawat R.Ahmad M.A.K.Shahid | 2013 | Chinese Physics B2013，22，12： | 0 |
| 11 | Numerical Study of Unsteady MHD Flow and Entropy Generation in a Rotating Permeable Channel with Slip and Hall Effects显示文摘This article investigates an unbiased analysis for the unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible, electrically and thermally conducting fluid across the space separated by two infinite rotating permeable walls.The influence of entropy generation, Hall and slip effects are considered within the flow analysis. The problem is modeled based on valid physical arguments and the unsteady system of dimensionless PDEs (partial differential equations) are solved with the help of Finite Difference Scheme. In the presence of pertinent parameters, the precise movement of the flow in terms of velocity, temperature, entropy generation rate, and Bejan numbers are presented graphically, which are parabolic in nature. Streamline profiles are also presented, which exemplify the accurate movement of the flow. The current study is one of the infrequent contributions to the existing literature as previous studies have not attempted to solve the system of high order non-linear PDEs for the unsteady flow with entropy generation and Hall effects in a permeable rotating channel. It is expected that the current analysis would provide a platform for solving the system of nonlinear PDEs of the other unexplored models that are associated to the two-dimensional unsteady flow in a rotating channel. | Z.H.Khan O.D.Makinde R.Ahmad W.A.Khan | 2018 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2018，69，11： | 0 |
| 12 | Mechanical properties of Al/a-C nanocomposite thin films synthesized using a plasma focus device显示文摘The Al/a-C nanocomposite thin films are synthesized on Si substrates using a dense plasma focus device with aluminum fitted anode and operating with CH4/Ar admixture.X-ray diffractometer results confirm the formation of metallic crystalline Al phases using different numbers of focus shots.Raman analyses show the formation of D and G peaks for all thin film samples,confirming the presence of a-C in the nanocomposite thin films.The formation of Al/a-C nanocomposite thin films is further confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.The scanning electron microscope results show that the deposited thin films consist of nanoparticles and their agglomerates.The sizes of th agglomerates increase with increasing numbers of focus deposition shots.The nanoindentation results show the variations in hardness and elastic modulus values of nanocomposite thin film with increasing the number of focus shots.Maximum values of hardness and elastic modulus of the composite thin film prepared using 20 focus shots are found to be about 10.7 GPa and 189.2 GPa,respectively. | Z.A.Umar R.S.Rawat R.Ahmad A.K.Kumar Y.Wang T.Hussain Z.Chen L.Shen Z.Zhang | 2014 | Chinese Physics B2014，23，2： | 0 |
| 13 | Crop diagnostic system:A robust disease detection and management system for leafy green crops grown in an aquaponics facility显示文摘Crops grown on aquaponics farms are susceptible to various diseases or biotic stresses during their growth cycle,just like traditional agriculture.The early detection of diseases is crucial to witnessing the efficiency and progress of the aquaponics system.Aquaponics combines recirculating aquaculture and soilless hydroponics methods and promises to ensure food security,reduce water scarcity,and eliminate carbon footprint.For the large-scale imple-mentation of this farming technique,a unified system is needed that can detect crop diseases and support re-searchers and farmers in identifying potential causes and treatments at early stages.This study proposes an automatic crop diagnostic system for detecting biotic stresses and managing diseases in four leafy green crops,lettuce,basil,spinach,and parsley,grown in an aquaponics facility.First,a dataset comprising 2640 images is con-structed.Then,a disease detection system is developed that works in three phases.The first phase is a crop clas-sification system that identifies the type of crop.The second phase is a disease identification system that determines the crop's health status.The final phase is a disease detection system that localizes and detects the diseased and healthy spots in leaves and categorizes the disease.The proposed approach has shown promising results with accuracy in each of the three phases,reaching 95.83%,94.13%,and 82.13%,respectively.The final dis-ease detection system is then integrated with an ontology model through a cloud-based application.This ontol-ogy model contains domain knowledge related to crop pathology,particularly causes and treatments of different diseases of the studied leafy green crops,which can be automatically extracted upon disease detection allowing agricultural practitioners to take precautionary measures.The proposed application finds its significance as a de-cision support system that can automate aquaponics facility health monitoring and assist agricultural practi-tioners in decision-making processes regarding crop and disease management. | R.Abbasi P.Martinez R.Ahmad | 2023 | Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture2023，，4： | 0 |
| 14 | Effects of N_2/O_2 flow rate on the surface properties and biocompatibility of nano-structured TiO_xN_y thin films prepared by high vacuum magnetron sputtering显示文摘Ni Ti shape memory alloys(SMA) have many biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical and biocompatible properties. However, nickel in the alloy may cause allergic and toxic reactions, which limit some applications. In this work, titanium oxynitride films were deposited on Ni Ti samples by high vacuum magnetron sputtering for various nitrogen and oxygen gas flow rates. The x-ray diffraction(XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) results reveal the presence of different phases in the titanium oxynitride thin films. Energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) elemental mapping of samples after immersion in simulated body fluids(SBF) shows that Ni is depleted from the surface and cell cultures corroborate the enhanced biocompatibility in vitro. | Sehrish Saleem R.Ahmad Uzma Ikhlaq R.Ayub Jin Wei Hong Xu Rui Zhen Li Peng Hui Khizra Abbas Paul K.Chu | 2015 | Chinese Physics B2015，24，7： | 0 |
| 15 | Role of Ion Beam Irradiation and Annealing Efect on the Deposition of AlON Nanolayers by Using Plasma Focus Device显示文摘AlON nanolayers are synthesized on Al substrate by the irradiation of energetic nitrogen ions using plasma focusing. Samples are exposed to multiple(5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) focus shots. Ion energy and ion number density range from 80 keV to 1.4 MeV and 5.6×1019m-3 to 1.3×1019m-3, respectively. Moreover, the efect of continuous annealing(473 K and 523 K) on an AlN surface layer synthesized with 25 focus shots is also examined. The main features of the X-ray difraction(XRD) patterns with increasing focus shots are:(i) variation in the crystallinity of AlN along(111),(200) and(311) planes,(ii) increasing average crystallite size of AlN(111) plane, and(iii) stress relaxation observed in AlN(111) and (200) planes. The crystallinity of AlN surface layer is comparatively better at 473 K annealing temperature. A broadened difraction peak related to an aluminium oxide phase showing weak crystallinity is observed for 15 focus shots while non-bounded oxides are present in all other deposited layers. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analysis confirm the presence of AlN and Al2O3 for the surface layer annealed at 473 K temperature. Raman analysis shows that the overlapping of AlN and Al2O3 results in the development of residual stresses. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) results demonstrate that the formation of rounded grains(range from 20 nm to 200 nm) and variations in their microstructures features depend on the increasing number of focus shots. Decomposition of larger clusters into smaller ones is observed. | I.A.KHAN R.S.RAWAT R.VERMA G.MACHARAGA R.AHMAD Z.A.UMAR M.A.K.SHAHID | 2013 | Plasma Science and Technology2013，15，11： | 0 |
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