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| 1 | 对中国流动人口结核防治工作干预策略的循证评价显示文摘目的调查分析既往及正在执行的结核病控制项目在改善中国流动人口结核病服务获得和利用方面所采取的相关政策文件和干预措施,并评价其效果和影响,为进一步开展结核病防治工作提供依据和建议。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、PubMed、CNKI、CBMdisc、万方学位论文全文数据库及VIP,纳入1988~2008年发表的关于流动人口结核防治工作的文献。同时采用非概率目的性抽样方法,在获得访谈对象知情同意后进行现场访谈。结果共检索到58篇文献,其中符合纳入标准的已发表文献8篇,未发表文献5篇,但其中仅有1篇为RCT,质量仅为B级。二次文献研究结果显示:我国目前对流动人口结核病防治采取的措施包括健康促进、提供激励机制、对病人实行督导管理等,且采取不同干预后病人知识知晓率、结核病治愈率均有所提高;但现场访谈结果显示,多数结核病人及疑似病例对于结核的防治知识及免费政策知晓不够,地区间结核病階治机构间没有有效的信息交流,致使流动人口追踪督导困难,结核病人的发现、治疗仍有待加强。结论现有针对流动人群的结核病防治研究中,缺乏高质量研究,因此难以对流动人口的结核病干预措施的效果做出客观、公正的评价;今后应开展专门针对流动人口结核病控制的大样本、多中心、高质量的RCT研究,为制定科学可行的干预设计方案提供依据。 | 陈涛 汪洋 唐晓君 曾缓 刘晓雪 刘琴 龙倩 Kadale Consultants Rachael Thomson | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009,9,4: | 27 |
| 2 | 落粒性在荞麦远缘杂种(Fagopyrum esculentum×F.homotropicum)中的遗传研究显示文摘普通荞麦或甜荞[Fagopyrum esculentum(2n=2x=16)],具有异型花、孢子体型自交不亲和性。在远缘杂交中,甜荞的非落粒性常会丧失。本研究的目的是用由落粒野生种(F.homotropicum)组配的杂种来探讨荞麦落粒的遗传性。借助胚珠培养,获得了来自4个远缘杂交组合(F.esculentum×F.homotropicum)的杂种。8个F2群体,28个来自F2落粒植株的F3系用于遗传分析。落粒的F1说明落粒是显性的。F2群体的3∶1,9∶7,和27∶37的分离类型支持这里首次提出的遗传模式,落粒是由3对显性基因控制的。造成不同分离类型的原因归结于F.esculentum的由异交引起的群体异质性。Fagopyrum homotropicum的基因型应是纯合显性才能确保群体的落粒性,而F.esculentum应在至少1个基因位点上固定为纯合隐性,才能保持群体的非落粒性。此研究解释了为什么1个没有落粒亲本的组合或非落粒的植株自交会产生落粒的后代。 | 王英杰 Rachael Scarth G.Clayton Campbell | 2005 | 河南农业科学2005,34,10: | 11 |
| 3 | 国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病足溃疡周围动脉病变诊断、预后与管理指南——《国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病足防治国际指南(2019)》的一部分显示文摘1999年以来,国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)已经多次发表循证医学基础上的糖尿病足预防与管理指南。该指南是有关糖尿病足溃疡合并周围动脉病变(PAD)患者的诊断、预后和管理指南,更新了以前IWGDF指南的内容。高达50%的糖尿病足溃疡患者同时患有PAD,这种病变使得患者截肢和心血管病变的风险明显增加。这类患者的诊断、预后和治疗明显地不同于那些没有PAD的糖尿病患者,但仅有很少的关于这类患者的高质量的研究强调了这点。我们遵循GRADE方法来提出临床问题并以至少包括患者-干预-比较-结局(PICO)形式说明重要结局,进行了系统的医学科学文献评价,写出推荐意见及其合理性。这类推荐是建立在系统文献评价的循证医学基础上的,没有证据时则在权衡利弊和患者选择、便宜性和干预的费用等因素后,采用专家的观点。这里我们发布更新的2019年糖尿病足溃疡合并PAD患者的有关PAD诊断、预后和管理的指南,以及一些需要未来特别关注的研究课题。 | Robert J.Hinchliffe Rachael O.Forsythe Jan Apelqvist Ed J.Boyko Robert Fitridge Joon Pio Hong Konstantinos Katsanos Joseph L.Mills Sigrid Nikol Jim Reekers Maarit Venermo R.Eugene Zierler Nicolaas C.Schaper 无 许樟荣(译) 冉兴无(审校) | 2019 | 感染.炎症.修复2019,20,4: | 10 |
| 4 | Removal of Ammonia from Wastewater Effluent by Chlorella Vulgaris显示文摘The capability of Chlorella vulgaris to remove nitrogen in the form of ammonia and/or ammonium ions from wastewater effluent in a local wastewater treatment plant (i.e., the Mill Creek Plant in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.) was studied. The wastewater effluent leaving the plant was found to include high concentra-tions of nitrogen (7.7±0.19 mg/L) (ammonia (NH3) and/or ammonium ion (NH4+)) and total inorganic carbon (58.6±0.28 mg/L) at pH 7, and to be suitable for growing Chlorella vulgaris. When Chlorella vulgaris was cul-tivated in a batch mode under a closed system, half of the nitrogen concentration was dramatically removed in 48 h after a 24-h lag-phase period. Total inorganic carbon concentration also concomitantly decreased during the rapid growth-phase. The total biomass weight gained during the entire cultivation period balanced out well with the total amount of inorganic carbon and nitrogen removed from the culture medium. These results indicate that wastewater can be synergistically used to polish residual nutrients in wastewater as well as to cultivate microalgae for biofuel production. | Jinsoo Kim Bala P.Lingaraju Rachael Rheaume Joo-Youp Lee Kaniz F.Siddiqui | 2010 | Tsinghua Science and Technology2010,15,4: | 9 |
| 5 | 对中国监狱犯人结核病防治干预策略的循证评价显示文摘目的调查分析既往及正在执行的结核病控制项目在改善中国监狱犯人对结核病服务获得和利用方面所采取的相关政策文件、干预措施等,并评价其效果和影响,为进一步开展监狱结核病防治工作提供依据和建议。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、PubMed、CNKI、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBMdisc)、万方学位论文全文数据库、VIP,查找1988~2008年已发表的关于中国监狱犯人结核病防治工作的文献。同时采用非概率目的性抽样方法,在获得访谈对象知情同意后进行了定性访谈。结果共检索到23篇文献,其中符合纳入标准的已发表文献8篇,政策文件5篇。二次文献研究结果显示,我国目前对监狱犯人结核病防治采取的措施是:通过普查、逢监必检及因症就诊发现病人;根据羁押人员的不同人群类别,采取'分类指导管理,集中收治管理'的干预措施;在监狱开展健康教育等。采取不同干预措施后病人知识知晓率、结核病发现率、治疗完成率、结核病治愈率等均有很大提高。定性访谈结果显示,监狱结核病犯人及疑似病例均能够被集中隔离,并按现代结核病控制策略(DOT)进行管理;狱医能得到结核病治疗方面的培训,做到持证上岗。结论从已发表、二次文献及定性访谈结果来看,DOTS在该人群中实施得较好,效果显著。 | 陈涛 汪洋 唐晓君 曾缓 刘晓雪 刘琴 龙倩 张帆 Kadale Consultants Rachael Thomson | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009,9,10: | 7 |
| 6 | Protective effect of pineapple ( Ananas cosmosus ) peel extract on alcohol–induced oxidative stress in brain tissues of male albino rats显示文摘 | Ochuko L Erukainure John A Ajiboye Rachael O Adejobi Oluwatoyin Y Okafor Sunday O Adenekan | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease2011,,1: | 5 |
| 7 | Development and use of biomaterials as wound healing therapies显示文摘There is a vast number of treatments on the market for the management of wounds and burns,representing a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide.These include conventional wound dressings,dressings that incorporate growth factors to stimulate and facilitate the wound healing process,and skin substitutes that incorporate patientderived cells.This article will review the more established,and the recent advances in the use of biomaterials for wound healing therapies,and their future direction. | Rachael Zoe Murray Zoe Elizabeth West Allison June Cowin Brooke Louise Farrugia | 2019 | Burns & Trauma2019,7,1: | 5 |
| 8 | 污泥龄对活性污泥处理微量磺胺类药物的影响显示文摘为了研究污泥龄对活性污泥系统处理微量磺胺类药物(5μg/L)的影响,共运行了4个试验室规模(3L)的序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR),其污泥龄分别为2、8、14、20d。批次摇瓶试验通过设置3个工况(正常运行,加入生物抑制剂,无微生物)来讨论在1个运行周期(8h)中对浓度为5μg/L磺胺甲恶唑的吸附作用、生物降解作用和挥发损失。试验结果显示对磺胺甲恶唑的总去除量为2.14±0.60μg/g SS,吸附作用占总去除量的63%;磺胺嘧啶为1.14±0.63μg/g SS,83%;磺胺间二甲氧为2.33±0.67μg/g SS,35%;磺胺甲基嘧啶为2.45±0.85μg/g SS,55%;磺胺类药物的去除效果与污泥的污泥龄有着非常显著的关系(p<0.02)。通过运行加入磺胺甲恶唑(进水5μg/L)的反应器60d,4个反应器对磺胺甲恶唑的平均去除率分别为10%、41%、51%、58%,处理效果随着污泥龄的增加而变好,同时单位污泥去除率随着污泥龄的增加而降低,SRT=2d的反应器由于存在大量的丝状菌,使得单位污泥对磺胺甲恶唑去除率大大高于其他3个反应器。通过分子生物学分析,发现微生物群落结构的变化不大,从而说明了影响磺胺类药物处理效果的主要因素在于更强的吸附能力,更高的污泥浓度。 | 杨程 郭劲松 Belinda S.M.Sturm Rachael F.Lane Craig D.Adams Ray E.Carter | 2012 | 重庆大学学报(自然科学版)2012,35,6: | 4 |
| 9 | 不同污泥龄对活性污泥系统处理各种药物的影响显示文摘运行4个实验室规模(3 L)的序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR),其污泥龄(SRT)分别为2、8、14、20 d。批次摇瓶试验通过设置3个工况(正常运行、加入生物抑制剂、无微生物)来讨论5种污泥(4个SBR和当地污水处理厂)对浓度为5μg/L的10种药物的处理效果,以及在一个运行周期(8 h)中吸附作用、生物降解作用和挥发损失的去除贡献。试验结果显示,对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因基本能被去除,去除率在60%以上,立痛定、磺胺甲恶唑能被部分去除,去除率为30%~55%;降固醇酸、林肯霉素、甲氧苄啶的处理效果不好,去除率<15%。在相同污泥浓度下进行的摇瓶试验结果表明,对4种磺胺类药物的去除率为20%~60%,磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶主要依靠吸附作用去除,磺胺嘧啶则是依靠生物降解作用去除。从单因素方差分析可知,对磺胺类药物的去除效果与污泥龄有着显著的关系(p<0.02)。 | 杨程 郭劲松 Belinda S.M.Sturm Rachael F.Lane Craig D.Adams Ray E.Carter | 2012 | 中国给水排水2012,28,13: | 4 |
| 10 | 极简鞋对足弓结构和足内附肌力量的作用(英文)显示文摘背景:这项前瞻性研究探讨了耐力跑时穿极简鞋和传统跑鞋各自对浅层足内附肌和足纵弓功能的影响。本研究假设穿极简鞋跑步会促使浅层足内附肌肥厚,并导致足弓更高、更强、更硬。方法:将33名健康跑步者随机分为两组:对照组穿传统跑鞋,试验组穿极简跑鞋。用磁共振成像(MRI)在为期12周的训练前后对受试者足部进行扫描,评估训练前后的跑步动力学数据以及足弓高度和硬度。结果:对受试者解剖横截面积和肌肉体积的分析表明,对照组与试验组的趾短屈肌分别增大了11%和21%;试验组小趾展肌的面积和体积分别增长了18%和22%,其纵弓硬度也显著提高(60%)。结论:持久耐力跑时穿4mm或厚度更小的极简鞋需要更多发挥纵弓的弹力功能,因而对支撑足弓的内附肌提出更高要求,从而使足部更强健。 | Elizabeth E.Miller Katherine K.Whitcome Daniel E.Lieberman Heather L.Norton Rachael E.Dyer | 2014 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2014,3,2: | 3 |
| 11 | Evidence for the ef?cacy and safety of herbal weight loss preparations显示文摘Rising rates of obesity across the globe have been associated with an increase in the use of herbal preparations for weight control. However, the mechanisms of action for these substances are often not known,as is the potential for interaction with other herbal preparations or prescription pharmaceutical drugs. To investigate the reported efficacy and safety of herbal weight loss preparations, we conducted a review of the literature focusing on herbs that are most commonly used in weight loss preparations, specifically,Garcinia cambogia, Camellia sinensis, Hoodia gordonii, Citrus aurantium and Coleus forskohlii. There was no clear evidence that the above herbal preparations would cause sustained long-term weight loss in humans in the long term. Serious illness and even death have occasionally resulted from the use of herbal weight loss preparations. Few clinical trials have been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and/or safety of herbal weight loss preparations. In addition, potential issues of herb–herb and herb–drug interactions are often not considered. Regulation of these products is much less rigorous than for prescription medications, despite documented cases of associated hepatotoxicity. | Rachael Farrington Ian F.Musgrave Roger W.Byard | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2019,17,2: | 2 |
| 12 | The Metabolic Syndrome显示文摘 | Marc-Andre Cornier Dana Dabelea Teri L. Hernandez Rachel C. Lindstrom Amy J. Steig Nicole R. Stob Rachael E. Van Pelt Hong Wang Robert H. Eckel | 2008 | Endocrine Reviews2008,,7: | 2 |
| 13 | P2X7 receptor antagonism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis显示文摘Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a rapidly progressive disorder characterized by the degeneration and subsequent loss of upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in reduced muscle function and paralysis(Mathis et al.,2017).Current therapies are limited to the oral administration of riluzole,which improves survival by only 3 months(Mathis et al.,2017).Thus,new therapies are urgently required to treat this neurodegenerative disor- | Ronald Sluyter Rachael Bartlett Diane Ly Justin J.Yerbury | 2017 | Neural Regeneration Research2017,12,5: | 2 |
| 14 | Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in six Latin American countries (SWOG Trial S0701)显示文摘 | Carolina Porras Jesse Nodora Rachael Sexton Catterina Ferreccio Silvia Jimenez Ricardo L. Dominguez Paz Cook Garnet Anderson Douglas R. Morgan Laurence H. Baker E. Robert Greenberg Rolando Herrero | 2013 | Cancer Causes & Control2013,,2: | 2 |
| 15 | 私募股权投资在美国页岩气基础设施建设中的新角色显示文摘页岩气已经成为美国能源结构中的重要组成部分。在不断发展的美国页岩气领域,高峰产量与气体收集和处理设施、管道的计划能力之间存在巨大差距,凸显了额外投资的必要性。页岩气资源的大规模开发已经吸引了许多建设中游设施的投资,但投资来源非常分散,基础设施建设缺乏统一的规划和协调。三类主要的基础设施建设投资来源是独立勘探开发公司、中游的业主有限合伙企业(MLP)和私募股权基金支持的中游公司。当前,由私募股权基金支持的业主有限合伙企业正成为基础设施投资的中坚。 | Chuck Chakravarthy Rachael Goydan Meltem Demirors 黄佳音 | 2010 | 国际石油经济2010,18,8: | 2 |
| 16 | Changes in Philornis infestation behavior threaten Darwin's finch survival显示文摘 | Sonia KLEINDORFER Katharina J. PETERS Georgina CUSTANCE Rachael Y. DUDANIEC Jody A. O'CONNOR | 2014 | Current Zoology2014,60,4: | 2 |
| 17 | Prospective multicentre randomised controlled trial of early enteral nutrition for patients undergoing major upper gastrointestinal surgical resection显示文摘 | Rachael Barlow Patricia Price Thomas D. Reid Sarah Hunt Geoffrey W.B. Clark Timothy J. Havard Malcolm C.A. Puntis Wyn G. Lewis | 2011 | Clinical Nutrition2011,,5: | 2 |
| 18 | The Case for an Opt-Out Class action for European Member States:a Legal and Empirical Analysis显示文摘 | RACHAEL MULHERON | | 0,,02: | 1 |
| 19 | Broiler Production Contracts as a Multi-agent Problem:Coon Risk,Incentives and Heterogeneity显示文摘 | | 2000 | Amer J Agr Econ2000,82,: | 1 |
| 20 | The long-term cost effectiveness of treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia显示文摘 | RACHAEL LD ANDREA KB JOHN PL | 2006 | Pharmaco Economics2006,24,2: | 1 |