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| 1 | Methods, units and quality requirements for the analysis of haemoglobin A_(1c) in diabetes mellitus显示文摘The formation of glycohemoglobin, especially the hemoglobin A1c(Hb_(A1c)) fraction, occurs when glucose becomes coupled with the amino acid valine in the β-chain of Hb; this reaction is dependent on the plasma concentration of glucose. Since the early 1970 s it has been known that diabetics display higher values of Hb_(A1c) because they have elevated blood glucose concentrations. Thus Hb_(A1c) has acquired a very important role in the treatment and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. After the introduction of the first quantitative measurement of Hb_(A1c), numerous methods for glycohemoglobin have been introduced with different assay principles: From a simple minicolumn technique to the very accurate automated highpressure chromatography and lastly to many automated immunochemical or enzymatic assays. In early days, the results of the quality control reports for Hb_(A1c) varied extensively between laboratories, therefore in United States and Canada working groups(WG) of the Diabetes Controls and Complications Trial(DCCT) were set up to standardize the Hb_(A1c) assays against the DCCT/National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program reference method based on liquid chromatography. In the 1990 s, the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine(IFCC) appointed a new WG to plan a reference preparation and method for the Hb_(A1c) measurement. When the reference procedureswere established, in 2004 IFCC recommended that all manufacturers for equipment used in Hb_(A1c) assays should calibrate their methods to their proposals. This led to an improvement in the coefficient of variation(CV%) associated with the assay. In this review, we describe the glycation of Hb, methods, standardization of the Hb_(A1c) assays, analytical problems, problems with the units in which Hb_(A1c) values are expressed, reference values, quality control aspects, target requirements for Hb_(A1c), and the relationship of the plasma glucose values to Hb_(A1c) concentrations. We also note that the acceptance of the mmol/mol system for Hb_(A1c) as recommended by IFCC, i.e., the new unit and reference ranges, are becoming only slowly accepted outside of Europe where it seems that expressing Hb_(A1c) values either only in per cent units or with parallel reporting of percent and mmol/mol will continue. We believe that these issues should be resolved in the future and that it would avoid confusion if mmol/mol unit for Hb_(A1c) were to gain worldwide acceptance. | Ilkka Penttil? Karri Penttil? P?ivi Holm Harri Laitinen P?ivi Ranta Jukka T?rr?nen Rainer Rauramaa | 2016 | World Journal of Methodology2016，6，2： | 3 |
| 2 | Thermospray liquid - chromatographlc mass - spectrometric analysis of catharanthus al- kaloids显示文摘 | Auriola S Ranta VP Naaranlahti T | 1989 | J Chromatogr1989，474，： | 1 |
| 3 | Poliovirus surveillance by examining sewage water specimens: Studies on detection probability using simulation models显示文摘 | Ranta J Hovi T Arias E | 2001 | Risk analysis: an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis2001，21，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Serum levels of amidated gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I in atrophic gastritis:an observational case-control study显示文摘 | Sipponen P Ranta P Helske T | 2002 | Scand J Gastroenterol2002，，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Follicle-stimulating hormone receptors appear earlier in the primate fetal testis than in the ovary显示文摘 | Huhtaniemi IT Yamamoto M Ranta T | 1987 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab1987，65，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Impaired interferon production by leukocytes from patients with Bell palsy and lack of findings suggestive for a systemic viral involvement显示文摘 | Pitk?ranta A Hovi T Peltomaa M | 1997 | The American Journal of Otology1997，18，2： | 1 |
| 7 | The effect of gradual distraction of the mandible on the sheep temporomandibular joint显示文摘 | KARAHARJU-SUVANTO T PELTONEN J RANTA R | 1996 | Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg1996，25，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Metabolic control and serum hormone levels in relation to retinopathy in diabetic pregnancy 显示文摘 | Larinkari J Laatikainen L Ranta T | 1982 | Diabetologia1982，22，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Mandibular distraction: an experimental study on sheep 显示文摘 | Karaharju-Suvanto T Karaharju EO Ranta R | 1990 | J Craniomaxillofac Surg1990，18，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Folliclestimulating hormone receptors appear earlier in the primate fetal testis than in the ovary显示文摘 | Huhtaniemi IT Yamamoto M Ranta T | 1987 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab1987，65，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Correlations of hypodontia in children with isolated cleft palate显示文摘 | Ranta R Stegsrs T Rintala AE | 1983 | Cleft Palate J1983，20，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Follicle-stimulating hormone receptors appear earlier in the primate fetal testis than in the ovary 显示文摘 | Huhtaniemi IT Yamamoto M Ranta T | 1987 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab1987，65，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Serum levels of amidated gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I in atrophic gasrhis: an observational ease-control study 显示文摘 | Sipponen P Ranta P Helske T | 2002 | Scand ] Gastroenterol2002，37，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Mandibular distraction: An experimental study on sheep 显示文摘 | Karaharju-Suvanto T Karaharju EO Ranta R | 1990 | J Craniomaxillofac Surg1990，18，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Hyperprolactinaemia and luteal insufficiency 显示文摘 | Seppala M Hirvonen E Ranta T | 1976 | Lancet1976，1，7953： | 1 |
| 16 | Mandibular distraction: an experimental study on sheep显示文摘 | Kardharju-Suvanto T Kararharju E O Ranta R | 1990 | J Craniomaxillofac Surg1990，18，： | 1 |
| 17 | Serum levels of human ehorionie gonadotrophin in nonpregnant women and men are modulated by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and sex steroids 显示文摘 | Stenman UH Alfthan H Ranta T | 1987 | J Clin Endoerinol Metab1987，64，： | 1 |
| 18 | High-efficiency 20 W yellow VECSEL显示文摘 | Kantola E Leinonen T Ranta S | 2014 | Opt Express2014，22，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Electrochemical detection of indole alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus in high- perforuaance liquid chromatography 显示文摘 | Naaranlahti T Ranta VP Jarho P | 1989 | Ana!vst1989，114，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Integration of functional and feature-based product medding the IMS/GNOSIS experience显示文摘 | Ranta M Mnty M Umeda Y Tomlyama T | 1996 | Computer-Aided Design1996，28，5： | 1 |
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