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| 1 | Management of postoperative spinal infections显示文摘Postoperative surgical site infection(SSI) is a common complication after posterior lumbar spine surgery. This review details an approach to the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of SSIs. Factors contributing to the development of a SSI can be split into three categories:(1) microbiological factors;(2) factors related to the patient and their spinal pathology; and(3) factors relating to the surgical procedure. SSI is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The virulence of the organism causing the SSI can affect its presentation. SSI can be prevented by careful adherence to aseptic technique,prophylactic antibiotics,avoiding myonecrosis by frequently releasing retractors and preoperatively optimizing modifiable patient factors. Increasing pain is commonly the only symptom of a SSI and can lead to a delay in diagnosis. C-reactive protein and magnetic resonance imaging can help establish the diagnosis. Treatment requires acquiring intra-operative cultures to guide future antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement of all necrotic tissue. A SSI can usually be adequately treated without removing spinalinstrumentation. A multidisciplinary approach to SSIs is important. It is useful to involve an infectious disease specialist and use minimum serial bactericidal titers to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. A plastic surgeon should also be involved in those cases of severe infection that require repeat debridement and delayed closure. | Vishal Hegde Dennis S Meredith Christopher K Kepler Russel C Huang | 2012 | World Journal of Orthopedics2012，3，11： | 17 |
| 2 | The wonders of BMP9:From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis,and metabolism to regenerative medicine显示文摘Although bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle,it has since been determined that these proteins,as members of the TGF-b superfamily,play a diverse and critical array of biological roles.These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation,angiogenesis,and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems.Disruptions of the members of the TGF-b/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities,suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins.Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs,BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo,with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs.The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants,revealing the great translational promise of BMP9.Furthermore,emerging evidence indicates that,besides its osteogenic activity,BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions,including stem cell differentiation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis,and metabolism.This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body. | Sami Mostafa Mikhail Pakvasa Elam Coalson Allen Zhu Alex Alverdy Hector Castillo Jiaming Fan Alex Li Yixiao Feng Di Wu Elliott Bishop Scott Du Mia Spezia Alissa Li Ofir Hagag Alison Deng Winny Liu Mingyang Li Sherwin S·Ho Aravind Athiviraham Michael J·Lee Jennifer Moriatis Wolf Guillermo A·Ameer Hue H·Luu Rex C·Haydon Jason Strelzow Kelly Hynes Tong-Chuan He Russell R·Reid | 2019 | Genes & Diseases2019，6，3： | 15 |
| 3 | Abdominal applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: Where do we stand?显示文摘Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is one of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences providing qualitative as well as quantitative information at a cellular level. It has been widely used for various applications in the central nervous system. Over the past decade, various extracranial applications of DWI have been increasingly explored, as it may detect changes even before signal alterations or morphological abnormalities become apparent on other pulse sequences. Initial results from abdominal MRI applications are promising, particularly in oncological settings and for the detection of abscesses. The purpose of this article is to describe the clinically relevant basic concepts of DWI, techniques to perform abdominal DWI, its analysis and applications in abdominal visceral MR imaging, in addition to a brief overview of whole body DWI MRI. | Ajaykumar C Morani Khaled M Elsayes Peter S Liu William J Weadock Janio Szklaruk Jonathan Russell Dillman Asra Khan Thomas L Chenevert Hero K Hussain | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，3： | 12 |
| 4 | Influence of vitamin D on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the pooled clinical trials data显示文摘AIM To investigate the relationship between vitamin D and liver fibrosis in hepatitis C-monoinfected or hepatitis C virus(HCV)-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) coinfected patients. METHODS Pertinent studies were located by a library literature search in PubM ed/Embase/Cochrane/Scopus/LILACS by two individual reviewers. Inclusion criteria:(1) studies with patients with HCV or co-infected HCV/HIV;(2) studies with patients ≥ 18 years old;(3) studies that evaluated liver fibrosis stage, only based on liver biopsy; and(4) studies that reported serum or plasma 25(OH)D levels. Studies that included pediatric patients, other etiologies of liver disease, or did not use liver biopsy for fibrosis evaluation, or studies with inadequate data were excluded. Estimated measures of association reported in the literature, as well as corresponding measures of uncertainty, were recorded and corresponding odds ratios with 95%CI were included in a meta-analysis. RESULTS The pooled data of this systematic review showed that 9 of the 12 studies correlated advanced liver disease defined as a Metavir value of F3/4 with 25(OH) D level insufficiency. The meta-analysis indicated a significant association across studies.CONCLUSION Low vitamin D status is common in chronic Hepatitis C patients and is associated with advanced liver fibrosis. | Alia S Dadabhai Behnam Saberi Katie Lobner Russell T Shinohara Gerard E Mullin | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，5： | 6 |
| 5 | Vitamin D levels do not predict the stage of hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled data显示文摘AIM To investigate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and fibrosis stage in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS Two individual reviewers identified relevant studies using the Pub Med, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows:(1) Studies that evaluated adults with NAFLD and serum or plasma 25(OH)D levels; and(2) assessed fibrosis stage using liver biopsy. A rigorous analysis yielded six articles as having sufficient data to employ in evaluating the association of serum vitamin D levels in patients with NAFLD based on their liver fibrosis stage by histopathological analysis. The lead investigators of each of the six studies were contacted and the data were collected. To meta-analyze vitamin D levels in F0-F2 vs F3-F4 fibrosis, a random-effects meta-analysis fit using restricted maximum likelihood was applied. To examine trends across each stage of fibrosis with respect to vitamin D levels, a meta-regression was performed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 937 subjects from six studies were included in the final analysis to evaluate the association of serum vitamin D levels in patients with NAFLD based on their liver fibrosis stage by histopathological analysis. The lead investigators of each of the six studies were contacted and the data were collected. First, the investigators performed a meta-analysis to compare serum vitamin D levels in patients with NAFLD with stage F0-F2 compared to F3-F4, which did not show significance [meta-estimate of the pooled mean difference =-0.86, P = 0.08(-4.17, 2.46)]. A metaregression evaluation of serum vitamin 25(OH)D levels across the individual stages(F0-F4) of fibrosis did not show an association for the six included studies.CONCLUSION Low vitamin D status is not associated with higher stages of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. | Behnam Saberi Alia S Dadabhai Julie Nanavati Lin Wang Russell T Shinohara Gerard E Mullin | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Label-retaining liver cancer cells are relatively resistant to sorafenib显示文摘 | Hong-Wu Xin Chenwi M Ambe Danielle M Hari Gordon W Wiegand Tyler C Miller Jin-Qiu Chen Andrew J Anderson Satyajit Ray John E Mullinax Tomotake Koizumi Russell C Langan Douglas Burka Michelle A Herrmann Paul K Goldsmith Alexander Stojadinovic Udo Rudloff S | 2013 | Gut2013，，12： | 2 |
| 7 | Diagnostic and therapeutic role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in biliary rhabdomyosarcoma显示文摘Biliary rhabdomyosarcoma (BRMS) is an uncommon childhood malignancy which has been managed surgically. We present a case of a 3-year-old boy with BRMS, in whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was successfully used both diagnostically and therapeutically, thus obviating the need for surgery and its attendant risks of morbidity and mortality. We conclude that ERCP is an effective alternative to surgery for BRMS in some patients. | Ryan W Himes Isaac Raijman Milton J Finegold Heidi V Russell Douglas S Fishman | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，30： | 2 |
| 8 | Effects of chronic arterial hypertension on constitutive and induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in vivo显示文摘 | Komatsu S Panes J Russell JM | 1997 | Hypertension1997，29，2： | 2 |
| 9 | Spectroelctrochemical study of the role played by carbon functionality in fuel cell electrodes显示文摘 | ROY S C HARDING A W RUSSELL A E | 1997 | J Electrochem Soc1997，144，7： | 2 |
| 10 | Low mortality following resection for pancreatic and periampullary tumours in 1026 patients:UK survey of specialist pancreatic units显示文摘 | Neoptolemos JP Russel RC Bramhall S | 1997 | Br J Surg1997，84，： | 2 |
| 11 | Flexural strength of feldspathic porcelain treated with ion exchange, overglaze and polishing显示文摘 | Russell A Giordano R A 2nd Campbell S | 1994 | J Prosthet Dent1994，71，： | 2 |
| 12 | Silver based batteries for high power applications 显示文摘 | KARPINSKI A P RUSSELL S J SERENYI J R | 2000 | Joumal of Power Sources2000，91，： | 1 |
| 13 | Empirical relationship for frequency content parameters of earthquake ground motions 显示文摘 | Rathje E M Faraj F Russell S | 2004 | Earthquake Spectra2004，20，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Pre-oxygenation and the parturient patient 显示文摘 | Russell G N Smith C L Snowdon S L | 1987 | Anaesthesia1987，42，： | 1 |
| 15 | Cytotoxic lymphocytes require granzyme B for the rapid induction of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in allogeneic target cells 显示文摘 | Wesselschmidt RL Shresta S Russell JH Ley TJ | 1994 | Cell1994，76，： | 1 |
| 16 | Moral Virtues,Fairness Heuristics,Social Entities,and Other Denizens of Organizational Justice显示文摘 | Russell C Zinta S B | 2001 | Journal of Vocational Behavior2001，58，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Electroconvulsive Seizures Increase the Expression of MAP Kinase Phosphatases in Limbic Regions of Rat Brain显示文摘 | Masafumi Kodama1 David S Russell Ronald S Duman | 2005 | Neuropsychopha rmacology2005，，30： | 1 |
| 18 | Bacterial resistance to silver in wound care 显示文摘 | Percival S L Bowler P G Russell D | 2005 | The Journal of Hospital Infection2005，60，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Overview of the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive显示文摘 | Imke Durre Russelle S V David B W | 2006 | J Climate2006，19，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Modeling the crystal-field splitting of energy levels of Era* (4f11 ) in charge-compensated sites of KPbzC15 显示文摘 | GRUBER J B YOW R M NIJJAR A S NIJJAR C RUSSELL C SARDAR D J | 2006 | J Appl Phys2006，100，04： | 1 |
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