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| 1 | Efficacy and safety of metformin and sitagliptin based triple antihyperglycemic therapy(STRATEGY):a multicenter,randomized,controlled,non-inferiority clinical trial显示文摘Despite the current guideline's recommendation of a timely stepwise intensification therapy,the 'clinical inertia',termed as the delayed treatment intensification,commonly exists in the real world,which may be partly due to the relatively little substantial evidence and no clear consensus regarding the efficacy and safety of triple oral agents in patients inadequately controlled with dual therapy.In this clinical trial performed in 237 centers in China,5,535 type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by previous therapies were treated with a stable metformin/sitagliptin dual therapy for 20 weeks.The patients who did not reach the glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) goal were then further randomized into glimepiride,gliclazide,repaglinide,or acarbose group for an additional 24-week triple therapy.A mean HbAlc reduction of 0.85%was observed when sitagliptin was added to the patients inadequately controlled with metformin in 16 weeks.Further HbAlc reductions in the 24-week triple therapy stage were 0.65%in glimepiride group,0.70%in gliclazide group,0.61%in repaglinide group,and 0.45%in acarbose group.The non-inferiority criterion for primary hypotheses was met for gliclazide and repaglinide,but not for acarbose,compared with glimepiride,when added to metformin/sitagliptin dual therapy.The incidences of adverse events(AEs) were 29.2%in the dual therapy stage and30.3%in the triple therapy stage.Metformin/sitagliptin as baseline therapy,with the addition of a third oral antihyperglycemic agent,including glimepiride,gliclazide,repaglinide,or acarbose,was effective,safe and well-tolerated for achieving an HbAlc<7.0%goal in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with previous therapies.The timely augmentation of up to three oral antihyperglycemic agents is valid and of important clinical benefit to prevent patients from exposure to unnecessarily prolonged hyperglycemia. | Wen Xu Yiming Mu Jiajun Zhao Dalong Zhu Qiuhe Ji Zhiguang Zhou Bin Yao Anhua Mao Samuel S.Engel Bin Zhao Yan Bi Longyi Zeng Xingwu Ran Juming Lu Linong Ji Wenying Yang Weiping Jia Jianping Weng | 2017 | Science China(Life Sciences)2017，60，3： | 19 |
| 2 | 以二甲双胍和西格列汀为基础的三联降糖药物治疗的有效性和安全性:一项多中心、随机对照、非劣效临床研究(STRATEGY)显示文摘尽管目前指南推荐对糖尿病应该及时进行阶梯式强化治疗,但'临床惰性',即强化治疗的延迟在真实世界中仍普遍存在.这种情况出现的原因可能部分在于缺乏在二联治疗控制不佳的患者中添加第三联口服降糖药物治疗有效性及安全性的坚实证据及对此清晰的共识.本临床研究在中国237个研究中心进行,包括5535位既往治疗控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者.这些患者在接受稳定剂量的二甲双胍与西格列汀二联治疗20周后,糖化血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)未达标的患者进一步随机接受格列美脲、格列齐特、瑞格列奈或阿卡波糖三联治疗24周.二甲双胍控制不佳的患者加用西格列汀治疗16周后,HbA1c平均下降0.85%.在24周的三联治疗阶段,HbA1c在各组分别进一步下降0.65%(格列美脲组),0.70%(格列齐特组),0.61%(瑞格列奈组)和0.45%(阿卡波糖组).二甲双胍/西格列汀二联治疗加用格列齐特或瑞格列奈治疗后,降糖疗效非劣效于加用格列美脲组的主要研究假设达到,但加用阿卡波糖组与加用格列美脲组相比未达到非劣效.不良事件(AE)的发生率在二联治疗阶段为29.2%,三联治疗阶段为30.3%.在既往降糖药物治疗不达标的患者中,以二甲双胍/西格列汀联合治疗为基础,加用包括格列美脲、格列齐特、瑞格列奈或阿卡波糖在内的第三联药物可使患者有效、安全达到HbA1c<7.0%的目标,且耐受性良好.及时启动二联及三联口服降糖药物治疗有效且有重要临床意义,可避免患者长期暴露于不必要的高血糖状态. | 许雯 母义明 赵家军 朱大龙 姬秋和 周智广 姚斌 毛安华 Samuel S.Engel 赵彬 毕艳 曾龙驿 冉兴无 陆菊明 纪立农 杨文英 贾伟平 翁建平 | 2017 | 中国科学:生命科学2017，47，3： | 11 |
| 3 | Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | T.Vilsb?ll J.Rosenstock H.Yki‐J?rvinen W. T.Cefalu Y.Chen E.Luo B.Musser P. J.Andryuk Y.Ling K. D.Kaufman J. M.Amatruda S. S.Engel L.Katz | 2009 | Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism2009，，2： | 2 |
| 4 | 农业健康研究中阳光暴露、维生素D受体基因变异与乳腺癌风险显示文摘[背景]流行病学证据表明,阳光暴露与乳腺癌风险之间存在负性相关。假设其机制是阳光诱导皮肤合成维生素D。[目的]探讨阳光暴露及其与维生素D受体(VDR)基因变异的交互作用对乳腺癌风险的影响。[方法]在前瞻性农业健康研究队列的入组人群中,研究31 021位持有私人执照的杀虫剂从业人员的妻子受到的阳光暴露与乳腺癌发病率,其中包括578个病例,平均随访8.6年。在一项由293名病例和586名匹配对照组成的巢式病例-对照研究中,评估阳光暴露、VDR变异体与乳腺癌之间的交互作用。有关阳光暴露的信息来自于队列入组时的问卷调查。对队列数据采用Cox比例风险回归估计相对风险,对巢式病例-对照数据采用条件logistic回归估计相对风险。[结果]在所有参与者中,患乳腺癌风险的小幅度下降与随访前10年中平时阳光暴露≥1 h/d相关(与<1 h/d相比)[风险比(HR)=0.8;95%CI:0.6~1.0]。这一相关性在雌激素受体阳性肿瘤(HR=0.7;95%CI:0.5~0.9)中比雌激素受体阴性肿瘤(HR=1.1;95%CI:0.6~2.1)中稍强。阳光暴露≥1 h/d和一个VDR单倍型的联合HR低于预期,因为单一暴露的HR为负值(交互作用,P=0.07)。[结论]上述研究结果提示,阳光暴露可能与乳腺癌风险降低相关,但是研究中并没有发现通过VDR变异体修饰的明确证据。需要进行更大规模的研究,特别是平时阳光暴露水平低的人群中可能能够更精确描述。 | Lawrence S.Engel Jaya Satagopan Camelia S.Sima Irene Orlow Urvi Mujumdar Joseph Coble Pampa Roy Sarah Yoo Dale P.Sandler Michael C.Alavanja | 2014 | 环境与职业医学2014，31，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Early specializations for mimicry and defense in a Jurassic stick insect显示文摘Mimicry and secondary defense are staples among predator–prey interactions.Among insects,the stick and leaf insects are masters of camouflage.Nonetheless,a meager understanding of their origin and early mimetic evolution persists.Here,we report the earliest mimetic and defensive strategies of a stick insect from the Middle Jurassic of China,Aclistophasma echinulatum gen.et sp.nov.,exquisitely preserving abdominal extensions and femoral spines.The distribution of these characteristics mapped onto the phylogeny of Phasmatodea reveals that abdominal extensions and femoral spines developed multiple times during the evolution of stick insects,and indicates that the origin of abdominal extensions predates other modifications,while tergal extensions predate other expansions of the body,such as those of the sterna and pleura,as well as defensive femoral spines.The new fossil provides clues into early antipredator defensive strategies,allows inferences as to the potential environment and predators,and reveals the mimetic and defensive mechanisms of stick insects from 165 million years ago. | Hongru Yang Chaofan Shi Michael S.Engel Zhipeng Zhao Dong Ren Taiping Gao | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Sitagliptin: review of preclinical and clinical data regarding incidence of pancreatitis显示文摘 | S. S.Engel D. E.Williams‐Herman G. T.Golm R. J.Clay S. V.Machotka K. D.Kaufman B. J.Goldstein | 2010 | International Journal of Clinical Practice2010，，7： | 1 |
| 7 | 白垩纪缅甸琥珀揭示最古老的甲虫社会性寄生现象显示文摘文章简介白蚁是目前已知最为古老的社会性昆虫,其社会性起源于侏罗纪晚期,显著早于其他社会性昆虫。白蚁巢穴中也常寄居有种类多样、形态特化的小型动物,它们被称之为"螱客",这种现象可称为社会性寄生。 | 蔡晨阳 Diying Huang Alfred F.Newton K.Taro Eldredge Michael S.Engel | 2018 | 科学新闻2018，0，4： | 0 |
| 8 | 中生代苏铁植物的甲虫传粉模式显示文摘文章简介与现生松柏类、银杏类等风媒裸子植物不同,自然条件下苏铁(俗称铁树)的传粉和繁殖需要昆虫协助完成,即苏铁是一类严格的虫媒裸子植物,传粉者主要包括多种甲虫和一些蓟马。苏铁目植物目前种类不多,但是它们起源很早,可以追溯到二叠纪。尽管中生代地层中苏铁类植物化石十分常见. | 蔡晨阳 Hermes E.Escalona 李丽琴 殷子为 黄迪颖 Michael S.Engel | 2019 | 科学新闻2019，0，2： | 0 |
| 9 | 中生代脉翅目中与昆虫-蜘蛛专性关联的早期形态特化显示文摘昆虫在成虫和幼期均展现出与其生物学特性相关的高度多样的特化形态。脉翅目昆虫,特别是其幼虫,是一类捕食性昆虫。为适应其捕食习性,其幼虫具有特化的双刺吸式口器,有些物种还具有特殊的伪装行为。 | 刘星月 Weiwei Zhang Shaun L.Winterton Laura C.V.Breitkreuz Michael S.Engel | 2017 | 科学新闻2017，19，4： | 0 |
| 10 | 中生代的昆虫化石揭示了枝状拟态的早期演化显示文摘许多竹节虫(?目)通过模拟树枝来隐藏保护自己,但由于缺乏化石材料,这种“枝状拟态”的早期形成过程尚不清楚.本文描述了来自中国内蒙古中侏罗统地层和缅甸北部白垩纪中期琥珀中的多件竹节虫化石标本,基于系统发育分析揭示了竹节虫枝状拟态特征可能的早期演化方式.结果表明,中侏罗时期的竹节虫已经开始形成细长的体型,在胸部和腹部占整个身体的长度比例不变的情况下,从侏罗纪中期到白垩纪中期近6000万年的进化过程中,竹节虫的中、后胸占整个胸部的比例逐渐增大,前胸则变短,说明中、后胸的延长在枝状拟态出现和进化过程中起了重要作用.此外,研究还发现竹节虫的后胸和第一腹节在中生代相继在腹面、背面发生了融合,明显变长的足部更加增强了枝状拟态的效果.竹节虫“枝状拟态”的出现很有可能和被子植物在白垩纪早期的繁盛有关. | 杨弘茹 Michael S.Engel 张巍巍 任东 高太平 | 2022 | Science Bulletin2022，67，16： | 0 |
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