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| 1 | Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment显示文摘AIM: To provide an update on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and management of rectal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE was performed with the reference list of selected articles reviewed to ensure all relevant publications were captured. The search strategy was limited to the English language, spanning from 1946 to 2015. A qualitative analysis was undertaken examining patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and outcome. The quantitaive analysis was limited to data extracted on treatment and outcomes including radiological, clinical and pathological complete response where available. The narrative and quantitative review were synthesised in concert.RESULTS: The search identified 487 articles in total with 79 included in the qualitative review. The quantitative analysis involved 63 articles, consisting of 43 case reports and 20 case series with a total of 142 individual cases. The underlying pathogenesis of rectal SCC while unclear, continues to be defined, with increasing evidence of a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and a possible role for human papilloma virus in this progression. The presentation is similar to rectal adenocarcinoma, with a diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Many presumed rectal SCC's are in fact an extension of an anal SCC, and cytokeratin markers are a useful adjunct in this distinction. Staging is most accurately reflected by the tumour-nodemetastasis classification for rectal adenocarcinoma. It involves examining locoregional disease by way of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endorectal ultrasound, with systemic spread excluded by way of computed tomography. Positron emission tomography is integral in the workup to exclude an external siteof primary SCC with metastasis to the rectum. While the optimal treatment remains as yet undefined, recent studies have demonstrated a global shift away from surgery towards definitive chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment. Pooled overall survival was calculated to be 86% in patients managed with chemoradiation compared with 48% for those treated traditionally with surgery. Furthermore, local recurrence and metastatic rates were 25% vs 10% and 30% vs 13% for the chemoradiation vs conventional treatment cohorts.CONCLUSION: The changing paradigm in the treatment of rectal SCC holds great promise for improved outcomes in this rare disease. | Glen R Guerra Cherng H Kong Satish K Warrier Andrew C Lynch Alexander G Heriot Samuel Y Ngan | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Season of the year influences infection rates following total hip arthroplasty显示文摘AIM To research the influence of season of the year on periprosthetic joint infections.METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the entire Medicare files from 2005 to 2014. Seasons were classified as spring, summer, fall or winter. Regional variations were accounted for by dividing patients into four geographic regions as per the United States Census Bureau(Northeast, Midwest, West and South). Acute postoperative infection and deep periprosthetic infections within 90 d after surgery were tracked. RESULTS In all regions, winter had the highest incidence of periprosthetic infections(mean 0.98%, SD 0.1%) and was significantly higher than other seasons in the Midwest, South and West(P < 0.05 for all) but not the Northeast(P = 0.358). Acute postoperative infection rates were more frequent in the summer and were significantly affected by season of the year in the West.CONCLUSION Season of the year is a risk factor for periprosthetic joint infection following total hip arthroplasty(THA). Understanding the influence of season on outcomes following THA is essential when risk-stratifying patients to optimize outcomes and reduce episode of care costs. | Samuel Rosas Alvin C Ong Leonard T Buller Karim G Sabeh Tsun yee Law Martin W Roche Victor H Hernandez | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，12： | 4 |
| 3 | A morpho- logical and molecular perspective of Trichoderma viride: is it one or two species 显示文摘 | Lieckfeldt E Samuels G J Nirenberg H I Petrin O | 1999 | Appl Environ Microbiol1999，65，： | 1 |
| 4 | Influence of Tin Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg and Al-Mg-Si Casting Alloys显示文摘 | Mohamed A M A Samuel G H | 2008 | Metallurgical and materials transactions A2008，39，： | 1 |
| 5 | An overview of the femtocell concept显示文摘 | Claussen H Ho L T W Samuel L G | 2008 | Bell Labs Technical Journal2008，13，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Combination therapy with anti-DR5 antibody and tamoxifen for triple negative breast cancer显示文摘 | Kim H Samuel SL Y G | 2014 | Cancer Biol Ther2014，15，8： | 1 |
| 7 | Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for recurrence-free survival after complete surgical resection of localised primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a retrospective analysis显示文摘 | Jason S Gold Mithat G?nen Antonio Gutiérrez Javier Martín Broto Xavier García-del-Muro Thomas C Smyrk Robert G Maki Samuel Singer Murray F Brennan Cristina R Antonescu John H Donohue Ronald P DeMatteo | 2009 | Lancet Oncology2009，，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Silk fibroin mem-branes from solvent-crystallized silk fibroin/gelatin blends:Effects ofblend and solvent composition显示文摘 | EUN S G DAVID J F SAMUEL M H | 2007 | Materials Science and Engineer-ing: C2007，27，3： | 1 |
| 9 | True-amplitude Gaussianbeam migration显示文摘 | SAMUEL H G BLEISTEIN N | 2009 | Geophysics2009，74，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Production of alpha-1, 3-galactosyltransferase knockout pigs by nuclear transfer cloning显示文摘 | Lai L Kolber-Simonds D Park K W Cheong H T Greenstein J L Im G S Samuel M Bonk A Rieke A DayB N Murphy C N Carter D B Hawley R J Prather R S | 2002 | Science2002，295，5557： | 1 |
| 11 | An Overview of The Femtocell Concept 显示文摘 | CLAUSSEN H HO L T W SAMUEL L G | 2008 | Bell Labs Technical Journal2008，13，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Production of AI-( 12-25 ) wt% Si alloys by rapid solidification melt spinning versus centrifugal atomization 显示文摘 | Todeschini P Champier G Samuel F H | 1992 | Journal of Materials Science1992，27，： | 1 |
| 13 | Novel tricyclic and tetracyclic terpanes in tertiary deltaic oils: structural identification, origin and application to petroleum correlation显示文摘 | Samuel O J Kildahl-Andersen G Nytoft H P | 2010 | Organic Geochemistry2010，41，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Diphenylprolinol me-thyl ether:A highly enantioselective catalyst for michael addition of aldehydes to simple enones显示文摘 | Chi Y G Samuel H Gellman | 2005 | Org Lett2005，19，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for recurrence-free survival after complete surgical resection of localised primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a retrospective analysis显示文摘 | Jason S Gold Mithat G?nen Antonio Gutiérrez Javier Martín Broto Xavier García-del-Muro Thomas C Smyrk Robert G Maki Samuel Singer Murray F Brennan Cristina R Antonescu John H Donohue Ronald P DeMatteo | 2009 | Lancet Oncology2009，，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Investigations on 'spotted wilt' of tomatoes显示文摘 | Samuel G Bald J G Pittman H A | 1930 | Australian Council of Science and Industrial Research Bulletin1930，44，： | 1 |
| 17 | Properties of the London clay at the ashford common shaft显示文摘 | Ward W H Marsland A Samuels S G | 1965 | Geotechnique1965，15，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Further studies of properties of the London clay显示文摘 | Ward W H Samuels S G Gutler M E | 1959 | Geotechnique1959，9，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Development of a thermal resistance model for chip-on-board packaginof high power LED arrays显示文摘 | MINSEOK H SAMUEL G | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Mammalian β-polymerase promoter: large-scale purification and properties of ATF/CREB palindrome binding protein from bovine testes显示文摘 | Steven G Widen and Samuel H Wilson | 1991 | Biochemistry1991，30，： | 1 |
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