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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Meeting report:a hard look at the state of enamel research显示文摘The Encouraging Novel Amelogenesis Models and Ex vivo cell Lines(ENAMEL) Development workshop was held on 23 June 2017 at the Bethesda headquarters of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research(NIDCR). Discussion topics included model organisms, stem cells/cell lines, and tissues/3 D cell culture/organoids. Scientists from a number of disciplines,representing institutions from across the United States, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of enamel, as well as future directions for the field. | ophir d klein olivier duverger wendy shaw rodrigo s lacruz derk joester janet moradian-oldak megan k pugach j timothy wright sarah e millar ashok b kulkarni john d bartlett thomas gh diekwisch pamela den besten james p simmer | 2017 | International Journal of Oral Science2017，9，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Mutifactorial analysis of risk factors for reduced bone mineral density in patients with Crohn’s disease显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in a cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify the relative significance of risk factors for osteoporosis. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-eight unselected patients (92 M, 166 F) with CD were studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation was assessed by measuring bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and bone resorption by measuring urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and N-telopeptide (NTX). RESULTS: Between 11.6%-13.6% patients were osteoporotic (T score < -2.5) at the lumbar spine and/or hip. NTX levels were significantly higher in the patients with osteoporosis (P < 0.05) but BSAP and DPD levels were not significantly different. Independent risk factors for osteoporosis at either the lumbar spine or hip were a low body mass index (P < 0.001), increasing corticosteroid use (P < 0.005), and male sex (P < 0.01). These factors combined accounted for 23% and 37% of the reduction in BMD at the lumbar spine and hip respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that osteoporosis is common in patients with CD and suggest that increased bone resorption is the mechanism responsible for thebone loss. However, less than half of the reduction in BMD can be attributed to risk factors such as corticosteroid use and low BMI and therefore remains unexplained. | Sarah A Bartram Robert T Peaston David J Rawlings David Walshaw Roger M Francis Nick P Thompson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，35： | 2 |
| 4 | Establishing a Mobile Resources Collection Development Policy 显示文摘 | Antonio P D Sarah T J | 2014 | School Library Journal2014，，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Consensus Building on Access to Controlled Medicines : A Four-Stage Delphi Consensus Procedure 显示文摘 | Saskia J Sarah B Sheila P | 2013 | J Pain Symptom Manage2013，46，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Water uptake byparticles containing humie materials and mixtures of humic materials with ammonium sulfate 显示文摘 | SARAH D BROOKS P J DEMOTT S M | 2004 | Atmos Environ2004，38，： | 1 |
| 7 | Origin causes and effects of increased nitrite concentration in aquatic environments显示文摘 | Sarah P Hendrikus J L Willy V | 2002 | Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology2002，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Localisation of UK food production:An analysis using land area and energy as indicators 显示文摘 | Sarah J C Stuart P | 2003 | Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment2003，94，： | 1 |
| 9 | Thein corporation and release of bovineser umalbuminfrom ( 13 -hydroxy butyrate )microspheres显示文摘 | Terence W A Sarah J P | 1996 | J biomater Sci Polym Edu1996，12，： | 1 |
| 10 | Transient transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus to fetal lambs after pig islet tissue xenotransplantation显示文摘 | Sarah K P David A M Peter J M | 2007 | Immunology and Cell Biology2007，85，： | 1 |
| 11 | A comprehensive review of the effects of rTMS on motor cortical excitability and inhibition显示文摘 | Fitzgerald P B Sarah F Daskalakis Z J | 2006 | Clinical Neurophysiology Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology2006，117，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Extraction and characterisation of lipids from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba)显示文摘 | Gigliotti J C Davenport M P Beamer Sarah K | 2011 | Food Chemistry2011，125，3： | 1 |
| 13 | The incorporation and release of bovine serum albumin from (β-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres显示文摘 | Sarah J P | 1996 | J Biomater Sci Polym Edu1996，12，： | 1 |
| 14 | Distribution and movement of toxaphene in anaerobic saline marsh soils 显示文摘 | John L Gallaghe R Sarah E Robinson P William J Feiffer P Denise M | 1979 | Hydrobiologia1979，63，： | 1 |
| 15 | Phylogenetic analysis of geographically diverse Radopholus similis via rDNA sequence reveals a monomorphic motif显示文摘 | KAPLAN D T THOMAS W K FRISSE L M SARAH J L STANTON J M SPEIJER P R MARIN D H AND OPPERMAN C H | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Seminal ' Priming' for Protection from Preeclampsia a Unifying Hypothesis 显示文摘 | SARAH A R JOHN J B KELTON P T | 2003 | Journal of Reproductive Immunology2003，59，： | 1 |
| 17 | Astaxanthin binding protein in Atlantic salmon 显示文摘 | Sarah J Lall S P Tom A | 2006 | Camp Bioehem Physiol Part2006，144，： | 1 |
| 18 | Creating aCulture for Scholarly and Systematic Innovation inEngineering Education显示文摘 | Meisa James L Rajala Sarah A Mohsen J P | 2009 | Journal of EngineeringEducation2009，98，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Interactions among APETALA1 , LEAFY, and TERMINAL FLOWER1 spe- cify meristem fate显示文摘 | Sarah J L Cindy G B Anusak P | 1999 | Plant CEU1999，11，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Over- expression of the Arabidopsis CBF3 transcriptional activator mim- ics multiple biochemical changes associated with cold acclimation 显示文摘 | Sarah J Gilmour Audrey M Seboh Maite P Salazar | 2000 | Plant Physiol2000，124，： | 1 |
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