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| 1 | Early infant male circumcision:Systematic review,risk-benefit analysis,and progress in policy显示文摘AIM To determine whether recent evidence-based United States polices on male circumcision(MC) apply to comparable Anglophone countries,Australia and New Zealand.METHODS Articles in 2005 through 2015 were retrieved from PubM ed using the keyword 'circumcision' together with 36 relevant subtopics.A further PubM ed search was performed for articles published in 2016.Searches of the EMBASE and Cochrane databases did not yield additional citable articles.Articles were assessed for quality and those rated 2+ and above according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Grading System were studied further.The most relevant andrepresentative of the topic were included.Bibliographies were examined to retrieve further key references.Randomized controlled trials,recent high quality systematic reviews or meta-analyses(level 1++ or 1+ evidence) were prioritized for inclusion.A risk-benefit analysis of articles rated for quality was performed.For efficiency and reliability,recent randomized controlled trials,metaanalyses,high quality systematic reviews and large welldesigned studies were used if available.Internet searches were conducted for other relevant information,including policies and Australian data on claims under Medicare for MC.RESULTS Evidence-based policy statements by the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) support infant and later age male circumcision(MC) as a desirable public health measure.Our systematic review of relevant literature over the past decade yielded 140 journal articles that met our inclusion criteria.Together,these showed that early infant MC confers immediate and lifelong benefits by protecting against urinary tract infections having potential adverse long-term renal effects,phimosis that causes difficult and painful erections and 'ballooning' during urination,inflammatory skin conditions,inferior penile hygiene,candidiasis,various sexually transmissible infections in both sexes,genital ulcers,and penile,prostate and cervical cancer.Our risk-benefit analysis showed that benefits exceeded procedural risks,which are predominantly minor,by up to 200 to 1.We estimated that more than 1 in 2 uncircumcised males will experience an adverse foreskin-related medical condition over their lifetime.Wide-ranging evidence from surveys,physiological measurements,and the anatomical location of penile sensory receptors responsible for sexual sensation strongly and consistently suggested that MC has no detrimental effect on sexual function,sensitivity or pleasure.United States studies showed that early infant MC is cost saving.The evidence supporting early infant MC has further strengthened since the positive AAP and CDC reviews.CONCLUSION Affirmative MC policies are needed in Australia and New Zealand.Routine provision of accurate,unbiased education,and access in public hospitals,will maximize health and financial benefits. | Brian J Morris Sean E Kennedy Alex D Wodak Adrian Mindel David Golovsky Leslie Schrieber Eugenie R Lumbers David J Handelsman John B Ziegler | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Gender differences in physical self- perceptions global self- esteem and physical activity:Evaluation of the physical self- perception profile model显示文摘 | Hayes Sean D crocker Poter R E | 1998 | Journal of Sport Behavior1998，22，1： | 1 |
| 3 | ldentification of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction 显示文摘 | Wallace R Hansen Susan E Brown Sean W Nashold | 1999 | Avian Dis1999，43，： | 1 |
| 4 | Suppression of acute and chronic opioid withdrawal by a selective soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor显示文摘 | Michael E S Sean R H Brian M | 2000 | Brain Res2000，859，： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of Ca(OH)2 treatments (overliming) on the composition and toxicity of bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysates显示文摘 | ALFREDO M MARIA E R SEAN W Y | 2000 | Biotechnology and Bioengineering2000，69，5： | 1 |
| 6 | A synthe- tic route to size-controlled fcc and fct FePt nanoparticles显示文摘 | Luciano E M H Nguyen H L Sean R G | 2005 | Am Chem Soc2005，127，29： | 1 |
| 7 | High-Mobility Group Box 1 Contributes to Lethality of Endotoxemia in Heme Oxygenase-1-Deficient Mice显示文摘 | Takamiya Rina Hung Chi-Chih Hall Sean R Fukunaga Koichi Nagaishi Takashi Maeno Toshitaka Owen Caroline Macias Alvaro A Fredenburgh Laura E Ishizaka Akitoshi Blumberg Richard S Baron Rebecca M Perrella Mark A | 2009 | American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology2009，，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Magnesium reduces free radicals in an in vivo coronary occlusion-reperfusion model显示文摘 | Lawrence A Garcia Steven C DeJong Sean M Martin Robin S Smith Garry R Buettner Richard E Kerber | 1998 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology1998，，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Gender difference in physical self-perceptions global self- esteem and physical activity: Evaluation of the physi- cal self- perceptions profile model 显示文摘 | Hayes Sean D Crocker Poter R E | 1998 | Journal of Sport Behavior1998，22，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Hydrodynamic simulation of horizontal slurry pipeline flow using ANSYS-CFX显示文摘 | KALEKUDITHI E SEAN S R NANDAKUMAR K | 2009 | Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research2009，48，： | 1 |
| 11 | I- dentification of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction 显示文摘 | Wallace R Hansen Susan E Brown Sean W Nashold | 1999 | Avian Dis1999，43，： | 1 |
| 12 | Utilisation of corn(Zeamays)bran and com fiber in the production of food components 显示文摘 | Devin J R George E I Sean X L | 2010 | JSci Food Agric2010，90，： | 1 |
| 13 | Gender differences in physical self -perceptions global self-esteem,and physical activity: Evaluation of the physical self - perception profile model显示文摘 | HAYES SEAN D C POTER R E | 1998 | J Sport Behavior1998，22，1： | 1 |
| 14 | High-Mobility Group Box 1 Contributes to Lethality of Endotoxemia in Heme Oxygenase-1-Deficient Mice显示文摘 | Takamiya Rina Hung Chi-Chih Hall Sean R Fukunaga Koichi Nagaishi Takashi Maeno Toshitaka Owen Caroline Macias Alvaro A Fredenburgh Laura E Ishizaka Akitoshi Blumberg Richard S Baron Rebecca M Perrella Mark A | 2009 | American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology2009，，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Synthesis of monodispersed fcc and fct FePt/FePd nanoparticles by micro-wave irradiation显示文摘 | H Loc Nguyen Luciano E M Howard Sean R Giblin | 2005 | Mater Chem2005，15，： | 1 |
| 16 | Identification of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction 显示文摘 | Wallace R Hansen Susan E Brown Sean W Nashold | 1999 | Avian Dis1999，43，： | 1 |
| 17 | Neutron Capture Elements in s-process-rich, Very Metal-poor Stars 显示文摘 | AOKI W SEAN G R NORRIS J E | 2001 | ApJ2001，561，： | 1 |
| 18 | HMMER web server:interactive sequence similarity searching显示文摘 | Robert D F Jody C Sean R E | 2011 | Nucleic Acids Re- search2011，39，： | 1 |
| 19 | Profile hidden Markov models显示文摘 | Sean R E | 1998 | Bioinformaties Review1998，14，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Neutron Capture Elements in s-Process-Rich, Very Metal-Poor Stars显示文摘 | AOKI W SEAN G R NORRIs J E | 2001 | The Astrophysical Journal2001，561，1： | 1 |
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