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| 1 | Ambient air pollution and low temperature associated with case fatality of COVID-19: A nationwide retrospective cohort study in China显示文摘The evidence for the effects of environmental factors on COVID-19 case fatality remains controversial,and it is crucial to understand the role of preventable environmental factors in driving COVID-19 fatality.We thus conducted a nationwide cohort study to estimate the effects of environmental factors(temperature,particulate matter[PM2.5,PM10],sulfur dioxide[SO2],nitrogen dioxide[NO2],and ozone[O3])on COVID-19 case fatality.A total of 71,808 confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified and followed up for their vital status through April 25,2020.Exposures to ambient air pollution and temperature were estimated by linking the city-and county-level monitoring data to the residential community of each participant.For each participant,two windows were defined:the period from symptom onset to diagnosis(exposure window I)and the period from diagnosis date to date of death/recovery or end of the study period(exposure window II).Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between these environmental factors and COVID-19 case fatality.COVID-19 case fatality increased in association with environmental factors for the two exposure windows.For example,each 10 mg/m^(3) increase in PM2.5,PM10,O3,and NO2 in window I was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.11(95%CI 1.09,1.13),1.10(95%CI 1.08,1.13),1.09(95 CI 1.03,1.14),and 1.27(95%CI 1.19,1.35)for COVID-19 fatality,respectively.A significant effect was also observed for low temperature,with a hazard ratio of 1.03(95%CI 1.01,1.04)for COVID-19 case fatality per 1C decrease.Subgroup analysis indicated that these effects were stronger in the elderly,as well as in those with mild symptoms and living in Wuhan or Hubei.Overall,the sensitivity analyses also yielded consistent estimates.Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and low temperature during the illness would play a nonnegligible part in causing case fatality due to COVID-19.Reduced exposures to high concentrations of PM2.5,PM10,O3,SO2,and NO2 and low temperature would help improve the prognosis and reduce public health burden. | Fei Tian Xiaobo Liu Qingchen Chao Zhengmin(Min)Qian Siqi Zhang Li Qi Yanlin Niu Lauren DArnold Shiyu Zhang Huan Li Hualiang Lin Qiyong Liu | 2021 | The Innovation2021，2，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Experimental studies of ash film fractions based on measurement of cenospheres geometry in pulverized coal combustion显示文摘In pulverized coal particle combustion, part of the ash forms the ash film and exerts an inhibitory influence on combustion by impeding the diffusion of oxygen to the encapsulated char core, while part of the ash diffuses toward the char core. Despite the considerable ash effects on combustion, the fraction of ash film still remains unclear. However, the research of the properties of cenospheres can be an appropriate choice for the fraction determination, being aware that the formation of cenospheres is based on the model of coal particles with the visco-plastic ash film and a solid core. The fraction of ash film X is the ratio of the measuring mass of ash film and the total ash in coal particle. In this paper, the Huangling bituminous coal with different sizes was burnt in a drop-tube furnace at 1273, 1473, and 1673 K with air as oxidizer. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cross-section analysis have been used to study the geometry of the collected cenospheres and the effects of combustion parameters on the fraction of ash film. The results show that the ash film fraction increases with increasing temperature and carbon conversion ratio but decreases with larger sizes of coal particles. The high fraction of ash film provides a reasonable explanation for the extinction event at the late burnout stage. The varied values of ash film fractions under different conditions during the dynamic combustion process are necessary for further development of kinetic models. | Siqi LIU Yanqing NIU Liping WEN Yang LIANG Bokang YAN Denghui WANG Shi'en HUI | 2021 | Frontiers in Energy2021，15，1： | 0 |
| 3 | Research Progress of Pharmacognostical Identification and Chemical Composition of Pholidota cantonensis Rolfe.显示文摘Research progress of pharmacognostical identification and chemical composition of Pholidota cantonensis Rolfe. was reviewed. This paper will facilitate assurance of the safety of clinical treatment. | Pingfeng LI Peng LI Liuyuan FAN Siqi NIU Miao ZHANG Hua ZHU | 2017 | Agricultural Biotechnology2017，6，6： | 0 |
| 4 | Recent advances of transition-metal metaphosphates for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting显示文摘Sustainable production of H2 through electrochemical water splitting is of great importance in the foreseeable future.Transition-metal metaphosphates(TMMPs)have a three-dimensional(3D)open-framework structure and a high content of P(which exists as PO3-),and therefore have been recognized as highly efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the bottleneck of electrochemical water splitting.Furthermore,TMMPs can also contribute to hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in alkaline and neutral media by facilitating water dissociation,and thus,overall water splitting can be achieved using this kind of material.In this timely review,we summarize the recent advances in the synthesis of TMMPs and their applications in OER and HER.We present a brief introduction of the structure and synthetic strategies of TMMPs in the first two parts.Then,we review the latest progress made in research on TMMPs as OER,HER,and overall water-splitting electrocatalysts.In this part,the intrinsic activity of TMMPs as well as the current strategy for improving the catalytic activity will be discussed systematically.Finally,we present the future opportunities and the remaining challenges for the application of TMMPs in the electrocatalysis field. | Yuanyuan Zhang Jie Wu Bingrong Guo Haohao Huo Siqi Niu Siwei Li Ping Xu | 2023 | Carbon Energy2023，5，12： | 0 |
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