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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse显示文摘Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and proliferation.We hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC binding.Using primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA synthesis.Furthermore,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA production.Similar effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,IL-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th subset.These data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell binding.We also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen presentation.These data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS. | Paul L Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu Susan Potter-Perigo S Alice Long Brian Kinsella Helena Reijonen Kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng Christina K Chan Kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，3： | 3 |
| 3 | The Integrator complex controls the termination of transcription at diverse classes of gene targets显示文摘包含 INTS3 和 NABP1 或 NABP2 的建筑群开始在 DNA 损坏回答被描绘,但是他们的生物化学的功能仍然保持未知。用亲密关系纯化和 HIV 集成定序目标(HIT-Seq ) ,我们发现这些建筑群是综合者建筑群的部分,它绑 RNA 聚合酶 II 并且调整特定的目标基因。综合者作为他们在亲密地被结合的机制处理到他们的成熟形式的部分劈开 snRNAs 抄写结束。然而, HIT-Seq 表明那个综合者也绑在 3 ′以 polyadenylated 抄本复制依赖者 histones 和倡导者结束基因的近似区域。综合者子单元的弄空导致抄写结束失败, histone mRNA 处理的混乱,和 snRNAs 和 histone mRNAs 的 polyadenylation。而且,倡导者综合者的近似绑定否定地通常调整其抄本是的基因的表示 polyadenylated。到所有三个基因类的综合者招募是 DSIF 依赖的,建议那个综合者作为在 DSIF 依赖的 RNA 聚合酶 II 的结束建筑群工作暂停地点。 | Jeffrey R Skaar Andrea L Ferris Xiaolin Wu Anita Saraf Kum Kum Khanna Laurence Florens Michael P Washburn Stephen H Hughes Michele Pagano | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Robust Minimum Variance Beamforming显示文摘 | Robert G L Stephen P B | 2005 | IEEE Trans on Signal Processing2005，53，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Enforced stacking in crowded arenes显示文摘 | Bushey M L Hwang A Stephens P W | 2001 | J Am Chem Soc2001，123，： | 1 |
| 6 | Agonist-stimulated synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate:a new intracellular signaling system?显示文摘 | JACKSON T R HAWKINS P T | 1993 | Biochim Biophys Acta1993，1179，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Design and projec- ted performance of a flapping foil AUV显示文摘 | STEPHEN L VICTOR P MELISSA F | 2004 | IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering2004，29，3： | 1 |
| 8 | The consequences of chirality in crowded arenes-macromolectdar helieity,hierarchical ordering,and directed assembly显示文摘 | Bushey M L Hwang A Stephens P W | 2002 | Angew Chem Int Ed2002，41，： | 1 |
| 9 | Combinatorial interactions between positive and negative cis-acting elements control spatial patterns of 4cl-! Expression in transgenic tobacco显示文摘 | STEPHEN P L RAJAGOPAL S | 1993 | The Plant Journal1993，4，2： | 1 |
| 10 | The patterns and dynamics of genomic instability in metastatic pancreatic cancer显示文摘 | Campbell P J Yachida S Mudie L J Stephens P J Pleasance E D Stebbings L A | 2010 | Nature2010，467，： | 1 |
| 11 | A numerical study of flow and heat transfer in a smooth and ribbed U-duct with and without rotation显示文摘 | LIN Y L SHIH T I P STEPHENS M A | 2001 | Journal of Heat Transfer2001，123，： | 1 |
| 12 | Design of homogeneous,monopegylated erythropoietin analogs with preserved in vitro bioactivlty显示文摘 | Dana L L Daniel H D Stephen P E | 2006 | Cox Exp Hematology2006，34，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Nanoscale Atoms in Solid- State Chemistry 显示文摘 | Roy X Lee C H Crowther A C Schenck C L Besara T Lalancette R A Siegrist T Stephens P W Brus L E Kim P Steigerwald M L Nuckolls C | 2013 | Science2013，，341： | 1 |
| 14 | Effect of cultivar, environment and their interaction and stability analyses on milling and baking quality of soft red winter wheat显示文摘 | Stephen B P Clements R L McIntoth MS | 1985 | Crop Science1985，25，： | 1 |
| 15 | Investigation into the mechanisms of flame retardation on wool显示文摘 | GORDON P G MCMAHON D T W STEPHENS L J | 1977 | Text Res J1977，47，11： | 1 |
| 16 | A PCR-Based Technique for Detection of Neotyphodium Endophytes in Diverse Accessions of Tall Fescue显示文摘 | Robert P Stephen D Clement L | 1998 | Plant Disease1998，82，7： | 1 |
| 17 | Effect of cul- tiva, environment, and their interaction and stability analysis on milling and baking quality of soft winter wheat显示文摘 | Stephen B P Clements R L Mclntosh M S etal | 1985 | Crop Science1985，2558，： | 1 |
| 18 | Using a real-time integra-ted communication system to monitor the progress and quality of construction works显示文摘 | Leung S W Stephen Mak Bill L P Lee | 2008 | Autom-ation in Construction2008，，17： | 1 |
| 19 | Stratal slicing, part II : Real 3-D seismic data显示文摘 | ZengH L Stephen C H John P R | 1998 | Geopgysics1998，63，2： | 1 |
| 20 | In-vitro antibacterial properties of tilmicosin against Australian isolates of Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica from cattle显示文摘 | Stephens C P Blackall P J Wade L K | 1993 | Australian Veterinary Journal1993，70，10： | 1 |
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