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| 1 | Risk factors and natural history of breast cancer in younger Chinese women显示文摘AIM: To investigate the age differences in the risk factors, clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment of female breast cancer patients. METHODS: Seven thousand one hundred and fiftytwo women with primary breast cancer from the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry were recruited after receiving patients' consent, they were asked to complete standardized questionnaires which captured their sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors associated with breast cancer development. Among them, clinicopathological data and patterns of treatment were further collected from medical records of 5523 patients with invasive breast cancers. Patients were divided into two groups according to the age at diagnosis: younger(< 40 years old) vs older patients(≥ 40 years old) for subsequent analyses.RESULTS: Analysis on the sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to risk factors were performed on 7152 women with primary breast cancer and the results revealed that younger patients were more likely to have unhealthy lifestyles; these include a lack of exercise(85.4% vs 73.2%, P < 0.001), having high stress in life(46.1% vs 35.5%, P < 0.001), having dairy/meat-rich diets(20.2% vs 12.9%, P < 0.001),having alcohol drinking habit(7.7% vs 5.2%, P = 0.002). Younger patients were also more likely to have hormone-related risk factors including nulliparity(43.3% vs 17.8%, P < 0.001) and an early age at menarche(20.7% vs 13.2%, P < 0.001). Analyses on clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment were performed on 5523 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The invasive tumours in younger patients showed more aggressive pathological features such as having a higher percentage of grade 3 histology(45.7% vs 36.5%, P < 0.001), having a higher proportion of tumours with lymphovascular invasion(39.6% vs 33.2%, P = 0.003), and having multifocal disease(15.7% vs 10.3%, P < 0.001); they received different patterns of treatment than their older counterparts.CONCLUSION: Younger patients in Hong Kong are more likely to encounter risk factors associated with breast cancer development and have more aggressive tumours than their older counterparts. | Winnie Yeo Hang-Mei Lee Amy Chan Emily YY Chan Miranda CM Chan Keeng-Wai Chan Sharon WW Chan Foon-Yiu Cheung Polly SY Cheung Peter HK Choi Josette SY Chor William WL Foo Wing-Hong Kwan Stephen CK Law Lawrence PK Li Janice WH Tsang Yuk Tung Lorna LS Wong Ting-Ting Wong Chun-Chung Yau Tsz-Kok Yau Benny CY Zee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，5： | 4 |
| 2 | Human dNK cell function is differentially regulated by extrinsic cellular engagement and intrinsic activating receptors in first and second trimester pregnancy显示文摘蜕膜的生来的杀手(dNK ) 房间表示一连串的激活受体在早怀孕期间调整胎盘的免疫和开发。我们在在 dNK 和 trophoblast 房间之间的怀孕期和相互作用的第一和第二个三个月期间调查了人的 dNK 房间的功能的特性。尽管 CD56 + 在全部的 CD45 + 白血球之中的 CD16 − dNK 没在这个句号,激活的受体的表示, NKp80 和 NKG2D 上变化,极大地 upregulated。我们与第二三个月蜕膜比较在第一个三个月在最近观察了 extravillous trophoblast 房间的一个显著地更高的数字到 dNK 房间。当 co 有教养时,由第一个三个月 dNK 房间的 NKG2D 表示与 HTR-8 trophoblast 房间线被减少。在第二个三个月, dNK 激活的功能的标记,即, angiogenic 因素生产(例如,脉管的 endothelial 生长因素, interleukin-8, interferon-gamma ) ,尽管有 NKp80 或 NKG2D 表面表示的增加的仍然是的马厩。而且, dNK 房间的 degranulation 能力由 CD107a 估计了在第二个三个月被减少。我们建议在第一个三个月, trophoblast-dNK 相互作用与压制的激活的显型产生 dNK 房间的一张人口。在第二个三个月, trophoblast-dNK 相互作用的损失导致了 dNK 房间功能的抑制,尽管他们的激活的受体表示被增加。我们推测在怀孕期间,二机制操作调制激活受体的 dNK 房间 activation:suppression,这由在第二个三个月联合的 receptor-ligand 的 trophoblasts 和解开在第一个三个月铺平。 | Jianhong Zhang Caroline E Dunk Melissa Kwan Rebecca L Jones Lynda K Harris Sarah Keating Stephen J Lye | 2017 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2017，14，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Does the cause of localization related epilepsy influence the response to antiepileptic drug treatment显示文摘 | Stephen LJ Kwan P Brodie MJ | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Zeolite formation in Class F Fly Ash Blended Cement Pastes显示文摘 | Stephen kwan Michael W Grutzeck | 1992 | J Am Ceram Soc1992，75，6： | 1 |
| 5 | A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate in ERCP: effects on technical success and post-ERCP pancreatitis显示文摘 | Arthur John Kaffes Michael John Bourke Stephen Ding Ahmad Alrubaie Vu Kwan Stephen John Williams | 2006 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2006，，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Zeolite formation in alkali-activated cementitious systems显示文摘 | Michael Grutzeck Stephen Kwan Maria DiCola | 2003 | Cement and Concrete Research2003，，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Detachable nylon loop assisted removal of large clinically significant colonic lipomas显示文摘 | Michael A. Murray Vu Kwan Stephen J. Williams Michael J. Bourke | 2005 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2005，，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Binders for Radioactive Waste Forms Made from Pretreated Calcined Sodium Bearing Waste显示文摘 | Yun Bao Stephen Kwan Siemer D D | 2004 | Journal of Material Science2004，2，39： | 1 |
| 9 | Does the cause of loealisation-related epilepsy influence the response to antiepileptie drug treatment 显示文摘 | Stephen LJ Kwan P Brodie MJ | 2001 | Epilepsia2001，42，3： | 1 |
| 10 | BusinessTransformation in Electronic Commerce:A Study of Sectoraland Regional Trends显示文摘 | Soumitra Dutta Stephen Kwan Arie Segev | 1998 | European Management Journal1998，16，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Zeolite formation in alkali-activated cementitious systems显示文摘 | Michael Grutzeck Stephen Kwan Maria DiCola | 2004 | Cement and Concrete Research2004，34，： | 1 |
| 12 | Does the cause of localization-related epilepsy influence the response to antiepileptic drug treatment显示文摘 | Kwan P Brodie MJ | 2001 | Epilepsia2001，42，： | 1 |
| 13 | Does the cause of localisation-related epilepsy influence the response to antiepileptic drug treatment? 显示文摘 | Stephen LJ Kwan P Brodie MJ | 2001 | Epi- lepsia2001，42，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Structure and phase relations of aluminium substi tuted calcium silicate hydrate显示文摘 | Stephen Kwan | 1996 | J Am Ceram Soc1996，79，4： | 1 |
| 15 | A historical re-analysis of the calamitous midget typhoon passing through Hong Kong region on 18 September 1906 and its storm surge impact to Hong Kong region显示文摘A typhoon passed through Hong Kong region suddenly and unexpectedly on 18 September 1906(the“Typhoon 1906”)and had a disastrous impact on Victoria Harbour and its surroundings in just a couple of hours.Since the year 1906 was the“Bingwu”year in the Chinese calendar,the typhoon is also known historically as the“Bingwu Typhoon”.Tremendous loss of lives and property resulted,and the shipping and fishing communities were devastated.Two mysteries arising from this calamitous typhoon have existed to date:1)Why the Hong Kong region Observatory was not able to provide any forewarning?2)whether the storm surge reported in some contemporary records is entirely credible?This paper will focus on both of these.In this paper,we re-analyse historical weather observations recorded in various historical documents and estimate the possible storm size,intensity and track of Typhoon 1906 using tropical cyclone models.Based on the re-analyses,the storm surges,storm tides and wave heights in Hong Kong region are also estimated using storm surge and wave models.The results reveal that Typhoon 1906 was a midget typhoon,with a radius of maximum winds of 11 km or smaller,during its passage through Hong Kong region.This explains why it was technically impossible for a forewarning to be given at that time when real-time weather observations from ships,meteorological satellites and radars were non-existent.We also estimate that the maximum storm surges(storm tides)in Hong Kong region were not higher than 0.82 m(2.43 mCD)and 1.98 m(4.15 mCD)in Victoria Harbour and Tolo Harbour respectively.These figures are found to be limited by the intensity and the storm size of the typhoon.Therefore,we conclude that the previously documented storm surge figures are not supported by the present study. | Hing Yim Mok Chi Ming Shun Stephen Davies Wing Hong Lui Dick Shum Lau Kai Chun Cheung Kwan Yin Kong Sai Tick Chan | 2022 | Tropical Cyclone Research and Review2022，11，3： | 0 |
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