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| 1 | Hepatolithiasis and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A review显示文摘Although the incidence of hepatolithiasis is decreasing as the pattern of gallstone disease changes in Asia, the prevalence of hepatolithiasis is persistently high, especially in Far Eastern countries. Hepatolithiasis is an established risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma(CCA), and chronic proliferative inflammation may be involved in biliary carcinogenesis and in inducing the upregulation of cell-proliferating factors. With the use of advanced imaging modalities, there has been much improvement in the management of hepatolithiasis and the diagnosis of hepatolithiasis-associated CCA(HLCCA). However, there are many problems in managing the strictures in hepatolithiasis and differentiating them from infiltrating types of CCA. Surgical resection is recommended in cases of single lobe hepatolithiasis with atrophy, uncontrolled stricture, symptom duration of more than 10 years, and long history of biliaryenteric anastomosis. Even after resection, patients should be followed with caution for development of HL-CCA, because HL-CCA is an independent prognostic factor for survival. It is not yet clear whether hepatic resection can reduce the occurrence of subsequent HL-CCA. Furthermore, there are no consistent findings regarding prediction of subsequent HL-CCA in patients with hepatolithiasis. In the management of hepatolithiasis, important factors are the reduction of recurrence of cholangitis and suspicion of unrecognized HL-CCA. | Hyo Jung Kim Jae Seon Kim Moon Kyung Joo Beom Jae Lee Ji Hoon Kim Jong Eun Yeon Jong-Jae Park Kwan Soo Byun Young-Tae Bak | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，48： | 63 |
| 2 | Learning of medical pharmacology via innovation:a personal experience at McMaster and in Asia显示文摘Pharmacology in the traditional medical curriculum has been treated as a discrete “preclinical” discipline identifying itself distinctly different from the other preclinical sciences or clinical subjects in knowledge base as well as learning/teaching instructions. It is usually run in series with other pre-clinical courses (eg, anatomy, biochemistry, physiology etc), but in parallel with other paraclinical courses such as pathology, microbiology and community medicine. Clinical pharmacology was only introduced relatively recently designed to overcome the perceived deficiency in “preclinical” pharmacology regarding its therapeutic relevance and application to medicine. In many universities, both preclinical and clinical pharmacology courses co-exist, usually independently offered by two separate, sometimes non-interacting Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. In this model, pharmacology is generally taught in a teacher-centered, discipline-oriented, and knowledge-based curriculum. Furthermore, pharmacology courses are commonly taught by “expert” teachers, who usually engage in excessive-teaching, often adopt a knowledge-based approach in both instruction and assessment, and frequently evade or ignore clinical relevance. The clinical relevance of the pharmacological sciences is sometimes also taught in a didactic and problem-solving manner, although it is usually case-oriented. In recent years, problem-based medical curricula have emerged, in varying forms, as a platform in which pharmacology is viewed as an integrated component in a holistic approach to medical education. In this problem-based learning (PBL) model, pharmacology is learned in a student-centered environment, based on self-directed, clinically relevant and case-oriented approach, usually in a small-group tutorial format. In PBL, pharmacology is learned in concert with other subject issues relevant to the case-problem in question, such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, population health, behavior science, etc. Students learn via problem-evoked curiosity and motivation, in an environment which encourages free inquiries and intensive discussions in a cooperative rather than competitive atmosphere. Teachers facilitate students' learning objectives rather than deliver pre-packed knowledge and dictate what they think students should learn. Based on the above two models, a change towards PBL curriculum appears to be beneficial in better preparing the medical students as life-long learners capable of coping with changes in knowledge and skills associated with the progressive and dynamic social/economic transformation in the Asia-Pacific regions. Evidence is presented that this is indeed happening. | Chiu-yin KWAN | 2004 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2004，25，9： | 56 |
| 3 | Clinical implications of fatty pancreas:Correlations between fatty pancreas and metabolic syndrome显示文摘AIM:To investigate the clinical implications of lipid deposition in the pancreas(fatty pancreas). METHODS:The subjects of this study were 293 patients who had undergone abdominal computed tomography(CT)and sonography.Fatty pancreas was diagnosed by sonographic findings and subdivided into mild,moderate,and severe fatty pancreas groups comparing to the retroperitoneal fat echogenicity. RESULTS:Fatty pancreas was associated with higher levels for visceral fat,waist circumference,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),total cholesterol,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,free fatty acid,γ-GTP,insulin,and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)than the control group(P<0.05).HOMAIR,visceral fat,triglyceride,and ALT also tended to increase with the degree of fat deposition in the pancreas on sonography.In a multivariate logistic regression analysis,HOMA-IR,visceral fat,and ALT level were independently related to fatty pancreas after adjustment for age,body mass index,and lipid profile.The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the fatty pancreas group was significantly higher than in the control group,and the numbers of metabolic syndrome parameters were significantly higher in the fatty pancreas group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Sonographic fatty pancrease showed higher insulin resistance,visceral fat area,triglyceride, and ALT levels than normal pancreases.Fatty pancreas also showed a strong correlation with metabolic syndrome. | Jun Seok Lee Sang Heum Kim Dae Won Jun Jee Hye Han Eun Chul Jang Ji Young Park Byung Kwan Son Seong Hwan Kim Yoon Ju Jo Young Sook Park Yong Soo Kim | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，15： | 40 |
| 4 | Efficacy and safety of 0.4 percent sodium hyaluronate for endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric neoplasms显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium hyaluronate solution(SH) in endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) of gastric neoplasms.METHODS:A prospective multicenter randomized,double blind,controlled trial was designed and utilized in this study.A total of 76 patients with 5-20 mm sized gastric neoplasms were enrolled at three academic hospitals in South Korea from June 2011 to October 2011.Patients were randomly assigned to the 0.4% sodium hyaluronate or control groups.All lesions underwent endoscopic ESD.ESD was performed with 0.4%SH and normal saline(NS) solution for submucosal injection.Efficacy was assessed using en bloc resection and the number of additional injections.Secondary evaluation variables were the volume of injection material,steepness of mucosal elevation,bleeding rate,procedural time and operator satisfaction.Finally,the safety was assessed by analyzing adverse events during the study.RESULTS:The usefulness rate in the 0.4%SH group and the controlled group had statistically significant difference under intention to treat(ITT) analysis(90.91% vs 61.11% P = 0.0041).Under per protocol(PP),the usefulness rate is statistically significant different(93.10% vs 61.76%,P = 0.0036).The difference in volume of the solution injected between 0.4%SH group and the controlled group and NS group was also statistically significant under intention to treat and per protocol analysis(ITT:0.03 ± 0.02 mL vs 0.06 ± 0.03 mL,P = 0.0003,PP:0.03 ± 0.02 mL vs 0.06 ± 0.03 mL,P = 0.0004).Satisfaction above the grade good was significantly higher in the SH group under intention to treat and per protocol analysis(ITT:90.91% vs 61.11%,P = 0.0041,PP = 93.11% vs 61.77%,P = 0.0022).Adverse events above grade 3 were not noticed in either group.All adverse events were treated and were judged as not associated with the submucosal injection solutions.CONCLUSION:0.4%SH solution is a safe and effective agent that doesn't cause any significant adverse events and is useful for submucosal injection during ESD. | Young Dae Kim Jun Lee Ju Yeon Cho Seok Won Kim Seong Hwan Kim Young Kwan Cho Jin Seok Jang Ji Sun Han Joo Young Cho | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，20： | 26 |
| 5 | How good is cola for dissolution of gastric phytobezoars?显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of cola treatment for gastric phytobezoars,including diospyrobezoars.METHODS:A total of 17 patients(range:48 to 78 years) with symptomatic gastric phytobezoars treated with cola and adjuvant endoscopic therapy were reviewed.Three liters of cola lavage(10 cases) or drink(7 cases) were initially used,and then endoscopic fragmentation was done for the remnant bezoars by using a lithotripsy basket or a polypectomy snare.The overall success of dissolving a gastric phytobezoars with using three liters of cola and the clinical and endoscopic findings were compared retrospectively between four cases of complete dissolution by using only cola and 13 cases of partial dissolution with cola.RESULTS:After 3 L of cola lavage or drinking,a complete dissolution of bezoars was achieved in four patients(23.5%),while 13 cases(76.5%) were only partially dissolved.Phytobezoars(4 of 6 cases) were observed more frequently than diospyrobezoars(0 of 11) in the group that underwent complete dissolution(P = 0.006).Gender,symptom duration,size of bezoar and method of cola administration were not significantly different between the two groups.Twelve of 13 patients with residual bezoars were completely treated with a combination of cola and endoscopic fragmentation.CONCLUSION:The rate of complete dissolution with three liters of cola was 23.5%,but no case of diospyrobezoar was completely dissolved using this method.However,pretreatment with cola may be helpful and facilitate endoscopic fragmentation of gastric phytobezoars. | Beom Jae Lee Jong-Jae Park Hoon Jai Chun Ji Hoon Kim Jong Eun Yeon Yoon Tae Jeen Jae Seon Kim Kwan Soo Byun Sang Woo Lee Jae Hyun Choi Chang Duck Kim Ho Sang Ryu Young-Tae Bak | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，18： | 22 |
| 6 | Artemisinin, the Magic Drug Discovered from Traditional Chinese Medicine显示文摘Artemisinin and its derivatives represent the most important and influential class of drugs in the fight against malaria. Since the discovery of artemisinin in the early 1970s, the global community has made great strides in characterizing and understanding this remarkable phytochemical and its unique chemical and pharmacological properties. Today, even as artemisinin continues to serve as the foundation for antimalarial therapy, numerous challenges have surfaced in the continued application and development of this family of drugs. These challenges include the emergence of delayed treatment responses to artemisinins in malaria and efforts to apply artemisinins for non-malarial indications. Here, we provide an overview of the story of artemisinin in terms of its past, present, and future. In particular, we comment on the current understanding of the mechanism of action (MOA) of artemisinins, and emphasize the importance of relating mechanistic studies to therapeutic outcomes, both in malarial and non-malarial contexts. | Jigang Wang Chengchao Xu Yin Kwan Wong Yujie Li Fulong Liao Tingliang Jiang Youyou Tu | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，1： | 16 |
| 7 | Clinical significance of CT-defined minimal ascites in patients with gastric cancer显示文摘AIM: To study the clinical significance of minimal ascites,which was only defined by the CT and whose nature was not determined preoperatively, in the relationship with the peritoneal carcinomatosis.METHODS: The medical records and the dynamic CT films of 118 patients with gastric cancer were reviewed.Factors associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis were analyzed in 40 patients who had CT-defined ascites of which the nature was surgically confirmed.RESULTS: Only 12.5-25% of the CT-defined minimal ascites, whose volume was estimated to be less than 50 mL, were associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis.When the estimated CT-defined ascitic volume was 50 mL or more, peritoneal carcinomatosis was identified in 75-100%. When CT-defined lymph node enlargements were not found beyond the regional gastric area,perigastricinvasions were not suspected, and the size of tumor was less than 3 cm, peritoneal carcinomatosis seemed significantly less accompanied at the univariate analysis. However, except for the minimal volume of CTdefined ascites in comparison with the mild or more,other factors were not confirmed multivariately.CONCLUSION: In the patients with gastric cancer, CTdefined minimal ascites alone is rarely associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis, if it does not accompany other signs suggestive of malignant seeding. Therefore,consideration of active curative resection should not be hesitated, if CT-defined minimal ascites is the only delusive sign. | Dong Kyung Chang Ji Won Kim Byung Kwan Kim Kook Lae Lee Chi Sung Song Joon Koo Han In Sung Song | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，42： | 14 |
| 8 | Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and related fluorochemicals in chicken egg in China显示文摘The ubiquitous occurrence of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs) in environmental samples has drawn much attention.Recent human exposure studies found relatively high perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) concentrations in blood samples from several cities in China when compared with other countries.The objectives of the present study were:(1) to measure PFC concentrations and compositions in chicken egg samples from local markets in China;and(2) to conduct a preliminary human health risk assessment of egg consumption.Eight pooled egg samples from eight locations were analyzed for 11 PFCs.The results showed that close to 100% of the PFOS in the egg was distributed in egg yolk and PFOS was not detected in egg white(<0.08 ng/g wet weight,w/w).Of the perfluoroalkylsulfonates,only PFOS was detected in all egg samples,while of the perfluoroalkylcarboxylates,perfluoroundecanoic acid(PFUnDA) was detected in all samples,followed by perfluorooctanoate(PFOA)(75% occurrence) and perfluorodecanoic acid(PFDA)(50% occurrence).PFOS concentrations in egg ranged from 45.0 to 86.9 ng/g w/w.The results suggested that current concentrations of PFOS in domestic chicken eggs are unlikely to cause immediate harm to Chinese populations. | WANG Yuan YEUNG Leo Wai Yin YAMASHITA Nobuyoshi TANIYASU Sachi SO Man Ka Margaret B. MURPHY LAM Paul Kwan Sing | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，4： | 13 |
| 9 | Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a cohort of Chinese patients in Hong Kong显示文摘瞄准:用香港汉语调查流行和胃肠的基质肿瘤(大意) 的临床的模式,并且估计发病率的 CD117 的介绍的影响。方法:从 Yan Chai 医院的病理的部门的数据库, 47 个病人,在这研究与到 2003 年 12 月的从 1995 年 9 月的大意被包括。十大意在 CD117 的介绍前被诊断。临床的特征,肿瘤特征,和治疗被分析。预言肿瘤的因素联系了死亡或复发与比例的危险建模的考克斯一起被学习。结果:病人包括了 26 男性和 21 女性,与 66.6 年的吝啬的年龄(SD 13.1,范围 29-87 年) 。大意的估计的流行每 100,000 个人是 13.4-15.6,与每 100,000 个人的 1.68-1.96 的年度发生。在 CD117 的介绍前后的大意的年度发生每 100,000 个人是 1.1 并且 2.1 每 100,000 个人分别地。胃(34 个病人, 72.3%) 是为肿瘤的最普通的地点,由小肠列在后面(8 个病人, 17.0%) ,食管(2 个病人, 4.3%) ,网膜(2 个病人, 4.3%) 并且冒号(1 个病人, 2.1%) 。31 个病人(66%) 有完全的肿瘤切除术。十一从 16 死亡(23%) 是肿瘤相关的。中部的生存时间是 26 瞬间。五年的幸存率是 61.3% 。与肿瘤相关的死亡或复发联系的重要因素是不完全的切除术,肿瘤尺寸 5 厘米以上,侵略到转移的邻近的机关或存在。结论:在香港的大意的发生在美国比得上那,但是在芬兰比那降低。大意的真发生能在 CD117 的介绍前被低估。不完全的切除术,肿瘤尺寸 5 厘米以上,到转移的邻近的机关或存在的侵略是预言肿瘤相关的死亡或复发的因素。 | Kam Hoi Chan Chun Wing Chan Wai Hung Chow Wai Keung Kwan Chi Kwan Kong Ka Fung Mak Miu Yi Leung Lin Kiu Lau | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，14： | 12 |
| 10 | Pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer: How many nodules, how many times?显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers worldwide,with 5%-15%of CRC patients eventually developing lung metastasis(LM).Despite doubts about the role of locoregional therapy in the management of systemic disease,many surgeons have performed pulmonary metastasectomy(PM)for CRC in properly selected patients.However,the use of pulmonary metastasectomy remains controversial due to the lack of randomized controlled studies.This article reviews the results of surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases for CRC,focusing on(1)current treatment guidelines and surgical techniques of PM in patients with LM from CRC;(2)outcomes of PM and its prognostic factors;and(3)controversial issues in PM,focusing on repeated metastasectomy,bilateral multiple metas-tases,and combined liver and lung metastasectomy. | Hong Kwan Kim Jong Ho Cho Ho Yun Lee Jeeyun Lee Jhingook Kim | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，20： | 12 |
| 11 | Role of Leptin in Immunity显示文摘Leptin, a protein hormone produced by the adipocytes, has long been recognized to regulate metabolism, neuroendorine and other physiological functions. Early findings of increased leptin production during infection and inflammation and dysregulated immune response in leptin signaling-deficient mice provide strong evidence for the involvement of leptin in the immune responses. Recent data have established the regulatory function for leptin in immunity similar to the function of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, while gene-targeting studies also demonstrated an essential role of leptin in regulating hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. Moreover, there has been increasing evidence that leptin is involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the role of leptin in immunity and leptin-signaling pathways involved in modulating immune homeostasis and autoimmune pathogenesis. | Queenie Lai Kwan Lam | 2007 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2007，4，1： | 12 |
| 12 | Impact of tumor location on clinical outcomes of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection显示文摘AIM:To determine whether there is a correlation between the location of the lesion and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)outcome.METHODS:From January 2008 to December 2010,ESD of 1443 gastric tumors was performed.En bloc resection rate,complete resection rate,procedure time and complication rate were analyzed according to the tumor location.RESULTS:The rates of en bloc resection and complete resection were 91%(1318/1443)and 89%(1287/1443),respectively.The post-ESD bleeding rate was 4.3%,and perforation rate was 2.7%.Tumors located in the upper third of the stomach were associated with a longer procedure time and significantly higher rates of incomplete resection,piecemeal resection,and perforation than tumors below the upper third of the stomach.Posterior wall lesions had significantly longer procedure times and higher rates of incomplete resection and piecemeal resection than lesions in other locations.In multivariate analysis,posterior wall lesions and upper third lesions were significantly associated with incomplete resection and perforation,respectively.In post-ESD bleeding analysis,location was not a significant related factor.CONCLUSION:More advanced endoscopic techniques are required during ESD for lesions located in the upper third or posterior wall of the stomach to decrease complications and improve therapeutic outcomes. | Ji Young Yoon Choong Nam Shim Sook Hee Chung Wan Park Hyunsoo Chung Hyuk Lee Sung Kwan Shin Sang Kil Lee Yong Chan Lee Jun Chul Park | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，26： | 10 |
| 13 | 精准医学发展趋势:从定量成像到放射组学(英文)显示文摘放射学(影像学)及影像引导的介入手段能提供多参数的形态学及功能信息,在精准医学中扮演着越来越重要的角色。因此,放射科医生需要理解影像表型,并将这些表型与潜在的疾病相关联,进而描述图像特征。但是为了能理解并描述异质性实体肿瘤的分子表型(基因组学信息),就需要通过活检取得这些组织更进一步的序列信息。因此,放射科医生为了能获得详尽的影像表型,需要从不同视图和角度采集图像,而这就产生了大量的数据。从所有这些影像数据中提取有意义的细节非常具有挑战性,并衍生出了大数据这个命题。因为影像组学有对诊断支持提供有意义的诠释性和预测性信息的潜力,所以近年来对于影像组学的关注越来越多。影像组学是传统的计算机辅助诊断、深度学习和人类技能的结合,因此它能被用来定量描述肿瘤表型。本文对影像组学流程的概览、基于不同手段(如计算机断层扫描(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)和正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET))的影像组学研究结果、面临的挑战和影像组学对于精准医学潜在的贡献等方面进行了讨论。 | U.Rajendra ACHARYA Yuki HAGIWARA Vidya K.SUDARSHAN Wai Yee CHAN Kwan Hoong NG | 2018 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2018，19，1： | 9 |
| 14 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta agonist ameliorated inflammasome activation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the inflammasome activation and the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR)-δ agonist treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) models.METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were classified according to control or high fat diet(HFD) with or without PPAR-δ agonist(GW) over period of 12 wk [control, HFD, HFD + lipopolysaccharide(LPS), HFD + LPS + GW group]. Hep G2 cells were exposed to palmitic acid(PA) and/or LPS in the absence or presence of GW.RESULTS: HFD caused glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. In mice fed an HFD with LPS, caspase-1 and interleukin(IL)-1β in the liver were significantly increased. Treatment with GW ameliorated the steatosis and inhibited overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In Hep G2 cells, PA and LPS treatment markedly increased m RNA of several nucleotide-binding andoligomerization domain-like receptor family members(NLRP3, NLRP6, and NLRP10), caspase-1 and IL-1β. PA and LPS also exaggerated reactive oxygen species production. All of the above effects of PA and LPS were reduced by GW. GW also enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK-α.CONCLUSION: PPAR-δ agonist reduces fatty acidinduced inflammation and steatosis by suppressing inflammasome activation. Targeting the inflammasome by the PPAR-δ agonist may have therapeutic implication for NAFLD. | Hyun Jung Lee Jong Eun Yeon Eun Jung Ko Eileen L Yoon Sang Jun Suh Keunhee Kang Hae Rim Kim Seoung Hee Kang Yang Jae Yoo Jihye Je Beom Jae Lee Ji Hoon Kim Yeon Seok Seo Hyung Joon Yim Kwan Soo Byun | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，45： | 9 |
| 15 | Optimized quantitative angiographic and intravascular ultrasound parameters predicting the functional significance of single de novo lesions in the left anterior descending artery显示文摘 | Tak W. Kwan YANG Song XU Bo Jack Chen XU Tian YE Fei ZHANG Jun-jie TIAN Nai-liang LIU Zhi-zhong CHEN Shao-liang | 2012 | Chinese Medical Journal2012，，23： | 8 |
| 16 | High level of preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is a poor survival predictor in gastric cancer显示文摘AIM:To assess the clinical significance and the prognostic value of preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9)level in gastric cancer.METHODS:Between January 2005 and December2006,1960 patients underwent surgery for histologically confirmed gastric cancer.Of these,163 patients had elevated serum levels of CA 19-9 preoperatively,and1628 patients had normal serum levels of CA 19-9 preoperatively.For this study,325 patients were selected from the group of 1628 patients by age,sex,and cancer stage to serve as controls.Statistically significant differences in survival rates were calculated using the log-rank test.A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant and was determined using SAS software.RESULTS:The baseline characteristics showed some differences between the two groups with regard to histology.Overall survival(OS)in the elevated and nonelevated group was 37.90 and 68.67 mo,respectively(P<0.001).N stage(P=0.001)was a significant predictor of disease-free survival by multivariate analysis.Also,N stage(P<0.001),and the presence of peritoneal metastasis(P<0.001)remained independent factors in predicting OS by multivariate analysis.Additionally,preoperative serum CA 19-9 levels were significantly associated with OS in univariate(P=0.009)and multivariate(P=0.021)analyses.CONCLUSION:Serum CA 19-9 can be considered an independent prognostic factor in predicting OS in patients anticipating surgery for gastric cancer. | A Ra Choi Jun Chul Park Jie-Hyun Kim Sung Kwan Shin Sang Kil Lee Yong Chan Lee Jae Bock Chung | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，32： | 8 |
| 17 | A Survey of Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for 5G Wireless Communication Networks显示文摘Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) has been recognized as a promising multiple access technique for the next generation cellular communication networks. In this paper, we first discuss a simple NOMA model with two users served by a single-carrier simultaneously to illustrate its basic principles. Then, a more general model with multicarrier serving an arbitrary number of users on each subcarrier is also discussed. An overview of existing works on performance analysis, resource allocation, and multiple-in-put multiple-output NOMA are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the key features of NOMA and its potential research challenges. | WEI Zhiqiang YUAN Jinhong Derrick Wing Kwan Ng Maged Elkashlan DING Zhiguo | 2016 | ZTE Communications2016，14，4： | 8 |
| 18 | Van der Waals magnets: Wonder building blocks for two-dimensional spintronics?显示文摘The unprecedented realization of two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals magnets excitingly extends the synergy between spintronics and 2D materials,started with graphene over the last decade.This article reviews the recent milestones in the development of 2D magnets and its derived heterostructures.In particular,a number of critical challenges centered around the scalability,ambient stability and Curie temperature of these atomically thin magnets are discussed.This mini-review also provides an outlook on what the future might hold for this integrated field of 2D spintronics,and assesses its potential in postsilicon electronics. | Wen Zhang Ping Kwan Johnny Wong Rui Zhu Andrew T.S.Wee | 2019 | InfoMat2019，1，4： | 8 |
| 19 | Asymptomatic lymphangioma involving the spleen and retroperitoneum in adults显示文摘Lymphangioma,a benign neoplasm of the lymphatic system,is common in children but rare in adults.Its clinical manifestations include abdominal pain,nausea, vomiting and a palpable mass.However,abdominal sonography or abdominal computed tomography(CT) scan can also incidentally reveal lymphangioma.A larger or symptomatic lymphangioma is treated with total resection to prevent recurrence,infection,torsion and enlargement.Although lymphangioma rarely becomes malignant,its prognosis is generally good. We report a cystic lymphangioma of the spleen and retroperitoneum,which was incidentally found in a 56-year-old man who was hospitalized due to a colon mass.Physical examination showed no specific findings.Abdominal CT revealed a 5.7 cm,non-enhanced multilobulated cystic mass with multiple septa in the spleen and a 10 cm lobulated cystic mass in the paraaortic area.Splenectomy and retroperitoneal resection of the cystic mass were conducted.The endotheliumof splenic and retroperitoneal cyst was immunohisto- chemically stained with D2-40 antibody.The patient was finally diagnosed with splenic cystic and retroperitoneal cavernous lymphangioma. | Sook Hee Chung Young Sook Park Yun Ju Jo Seong Hwan Kim Dae Won Jun Byoung Kwan Son Jun Young Jung Dae Hyun Baek Dong Hee Kim Yoon Young Jung Won Mi Lee | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，44： | 7 |
| 20 | PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human tumor-infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells are marked by loss of CD28 expression and rescued by IL-15显示文摘Blockade of programmed death-1(PD-1)reinvigorates exhausted CD8^(+)T cells,resulting in tumor regression in cancer patients.Recently,reinvigoration of exhausted CD8^(+)T cells following PD-1 blockade was shown to be CD28-dependent in mouse models.Herein,we examined the role of CD28 in anti-PD-1 antibody-induced human T cell reinvigoration using tumor-infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells(CD8^(+)TILs)obtained from non-small-cell lung cancer patients.Single-cell analysis demonstrated a distinct expression pattern of CD28 between mouse and human CD8^(+)TILs.Furthermore,we found that human CD28^(+)CD8^(+)but not CD28^(–)CD8^(+)TILs responded to PD-1 blockade irrespective of B7/CD28 blockade,indicating that CD28 costimulation in human CD8^(+)TILs is dispensable for PD-1 blockade-induced reinvigoration and that loss of CD28 expression serves as a marker of anti-PD-1 antibody-unresponsive CD8^(+)TILs.Transcriptionally and phenotypically,PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human CD28^(–)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs exhibited characteristics of terminally exhausted CD8^(+)T cells with low TCF1 expression.Notably,CD28^(–)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs had preserved machinery to respond to IL-15,and IL-15 treatment enhanced the proliferation of CD28^(–)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs as well as CD28^(+)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs.Taken together,these results show that loss of CD28 expression is a marker of PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human CD8^(+)TILs with a TCF1–signature and provide mechanistic insights into combining IL-15 with anti-PD-1 antibodies. | Kyung Hwan Kim Hong Kwan Kim Hyung-Don Kim Chang Gon Kim Hoyoung Lee Ji Won Han Seong Jin Choi Seongju Jeong Minwoo Jeon Hyunglae Kim Jiae Koh Bo Mi Ku Su-Hyung Park Myung-Ju Ahn Eui-Cheol Shin | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，2： | 6 |
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