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| 1 | Use of antibiotics in broiler production:Global impacts and alternatives显示文摘Antibiotics are used to fight bacterial infections.However, a selective pressure gave rise to bacteria resistant to antibiotics.This leaves scientists worried about the danger to human and animal health.Some strategies can be borrowed to reduce the use of antibiotics in chicken farms.Much research has been carried out to look for natural agents with similar beneficial effects of growth promoters.The aim of these alternatives is to maintain a low mortality rate, a good level of animal yield while preserving environment and consumer health.Among these, the most popular are probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes,organic acids, immunostimulants, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, phytogenic feed additives, phytoncides,nanoparticles and essential oils. | Youcef Mehdi Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Lou Gaucher Younes Chorfi Gayatri Suresh Tarek Rouissi Satinder Kaur Brar Caroline Cté Antonio Avalos Ramirez Stéphane Godbout | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，2： | 19 |
| 2 | Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)by fungal enzymes:A review显示文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are a large group of chemicals.They represent an important concern due to their widespread distribution in the environment,their resistance to biodegradation,their potential to bioaccumulate and their harmful effects.Several pilot treatments have been implemented to prevent economic consequences and deterioration of soil and water quality.As a promising option,fungal enzymes are regarded as a powerful choice for degradation of PAHs.Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Pleurotus ostreatus and Bjerkandera adusta are most commonly used for the degradation of such compounds due to their production of ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase,manganese peroxidase and laccase.The rate of biodegradation depends on many culture conditions,such as temperature,oxygen,accessibility of nutrients and agitated or shallow culture.Moreover,the addition of biosurfactants can strongly modify the enzyme activity.The removal of PAHs is dependent on the ionization potential.The study of the kinetics is not completely comprehended,and it becomes more challenging when fungi are applied for bioremediation.Degradation studies in soil are much more complicated than liquid cultures because of the heterogeneity of soil,thus,many factors should be considered when studying soil bioremediation,such as desorption and bioavailability of PAHs.Different degradation pathways can be suggested.The peroxidases are heme-containing enzymes having common catalytic cycles.One molecule of hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the resting enzyme withdrawing two electrons.Subsequently,the peroxidase is reduced back in two steps of one electron oxidation.Laccases are copper-containing oxidases.They reduce molecular oxygen to water and oxidize phenolic compounds. | Tayssir Kadri Tarek Rouissi Satinder Kaur Brar Maximiliano Cledon Saurabhjyoti Sarma Mausam Verma | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，1： | 19 |
| 3 | Trends and outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary tumors: A 25-year single-center study of 1000 consecutive cases显示文摘AIM To evaluate the evolution, trends in surgical approaches a n d r e c o n s t r u c t i o n t e c h n i q u e s, a n d i m p o r t a n t lessons learned from performing 1000 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies(PDs) for periampullary tumors.METHODS This is a retrospective review of the data of all patients who underwent PD for periampullary tumor during the period from January 1993 to April 2017. The data were categorized into three periods, including early period(1993-2002), middle period(2003-2012), and late period(2013-2017).RESULTS The frequency showed PD was increasingly performed after the year 2000. With time, elderly, cirrhotic and obese patients, as well as patients with uncinate process carcinoma and borderline tumor were increasingly selected for PD. The median operative time and postoperative hospital stay decreased significantly over the periods. Hospital mortality declined significantly, from 6.6% to 3.1%. Postoperative complications significantly decreased, from 40% to 27.9%. There was significant decrease in postoperative pancreatic fistula in the second 10 years, from 15% to 12.7%. There was a significant improvement in median survival and overall survival among the periods.CONCLUSION Surgical results of PD significantly improved, with mortality rate nearly reaching 3%. Pancreatic reconstruction following PD is still debatable. The survival rate was also improved but the rate of recurrence is still high, at 36.9%. | ayman el nakeeb waleed askar ehab atef ehab el hanafy ahmad m sultan tarek salah ahmed shehta mohamed el sorogy emad hamdy mohamed el hemly ahmed a el-geidi tharwat kandil mohamed el shobari talaat abd allah amgad fouad mostafa abu zeid ahmed abu el eneen nabil gad el-hak gamal el ebidy omar fathy ahmed sultan mohamed abdel wahab | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，38： | 15 |
| 4 | Liuwei Dihuang, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-infl ammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang(LWDH), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS: After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived(OP-CD) rats were fed a modified AIN-93 G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water(n=12 rats per group). Twelve obese-resistant-CD(OR-CD) rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifi ce and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS: After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels. Serum interleukin-6(IL-6) levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not signifi cantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced(GSH) and oxidized glutathione(GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of infl ammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION: The results show, for the fi rst time, the anti-infl ammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OR/OP-CD rat model as a research tool to study infl ammation, oxidative stress, and adipokine production requires further investigation. | Benjamin Perry Junzeng Zhang Tarek Saleh Yanwen Wang | 2014 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2014，12，5： | 14 |
| 5 | 北京某高校办公建筑人员开窗行为研究显示文摘自然通风不仅可以改善室内环境和空气品质,还可以在一定程度上减少建筑能耗,而办公建筑主要是通过开窗进行自然通风。因此,研究建筑人员开窗行为对热舒适、室内空气品质和建筑节能等具有十分重要的意义。但目前国内对建筑室内人员开窗行为的研究尚处于起步阶段。本实验在2014年过渡季和2015年冬季对北京某大学办公建筑人员开窗行为做了为期七个半月的实时监测,分析了可能影响建筑用户开窗行为的因素,包括室内外温度、室外PM2.5浓度、先前的窗户状态、不同时间段、人员在室情况和个人习惯。实验结果证明了这些因素都会影响办公人员开窗行为。实验结果将为更好地了解建筑中人员开窗行为提供依据,并有助于为北京地区办公建筑建立人员开窗行为模型。 | 潘嵩 许传奇 魏绅 Tarek MHassan 谢浪 熊樱子 Pieterde Wilde | 2015 | 建筑科学2015，31，10： | 13 |
| 6 | Dynamic tracking of stem cells in an acute liver failure model显示文摘AIM:To investigate a dual labeling technique,which would enable real-time monitoring of transplanted embryonic stem cell(ESC) kinetics,as well as long-term tracking.METHODS:Liver damage was induced in C57/BL6 male mice(n = 40) by acetaminophen(APAP) 300 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally.Green fluorescence protein(GFP) positive C57/BL6 mouse ESCs were stained with the near-infrared fluorescent lipophilic tracer 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide(DiR) immediately before transplantationinto the spleen.Each of the animals in the cell therapy group(n = 20) received 5 × 10 6 ESCs 4 h following treatment with APAP.The control group(n = 20) received the vehicle only.The distribution and dynamics of the cells were monitored in real-time with the IVIS Lumina-2 at 30 min post transplantation,then at 3,12,24,48 and 72 h,and after one and 2 wk.Immunohistochemical examination of liver tissue was used to identify expression of GFP and albumin.Plasma alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was measured as an indication of liver damage.RESULTS:DiR-stained ESCs were easily tracked with the IVIS using the indocyanine green filter due to its high background passband with minimal background autofluorescence.The transplanted cells were confined inside the spleen at 30 min post-transplantation,gradually moved into the splenic vein,and were detectable in parts of the liver at the 3 h time-point.Within 24 h of transplantation,homing of almost 90% of cells was confirmed in the liver.On day three,however,the DiR signal started to fade out,and ex vivo IVIS imaging of different organs allowed signal detection at time-points when the signal could not be detected by in vivo imaging,and confirmed that the highest photon emission was in the liver(P < 0.0001).At 2 wk,the DiRsignal was no longer detectable in vivo ;however,immunohistochemistry analysis of constitutively-expressed GFP was used to provide an insight into the distribution of the cells.GFP +ve cells were detected in tissue sections resembling hepatocytes and were dispersed throughout the hepatic parenchyma,with the presence of a larger number of GFP +ve cells incorporated within the sinusoidal endothelial lining.Very faint albumin expression was detected in the transplanted GFP +ve cells at 72 h;however at 2 wk,few cells that were positive for GFP were also strongly positive for albumin.There was a significant improvement in serum levels of ALT,albumin and bilirubin in both groups at 2 wk when compared with the 72 h time-point.In the cell therapy group,serum ALT was significantly(P = 0.016) lower and albumin(P = 0.009) was significantly higher when compared with the control group at the 2 wk time-point;however there was no difference in mortality between the two groups.CONCLUSION:Dual labeling is an easy to use and cheap method for longitudinal monitoring of distribution,survival and engraftment of transplanted cells,and could be used for cell therapy models. | Tarek Ezzat Dipok Kumar Dhar Massimo Malago Steven WM Olde Damink | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，6： | 12 |
| 7 | Effect of Aging on the Toughness of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Weldments显示文摘In the present study,the effect of aging heat treatment at 650,750,and 850?C on the impact toughness of 316L austenitic stainless steel,2205 duplex stainless steel and their weldments has been investigated.Welding process was conducted using the TIG(tungsten inert gas) welding technique.Instrumented impact testing,at room temperature,was employed to determine the effect of aging treatment on the impact properties of investigated materials.Aging treatment resulted in degradation in the impact toughness as demonstrated by the reduction in the impact fracture energy and deformation parameters(strain hardening capacity,fracture deffection,and crack initiation and propagation energy).The degree of embrittlement was more noticeable in duplex stainless steel parent and weld-metal than in 316L stainless steel and became greater with the increase of aging temperature.The degradation in impact toughness was discussed in relation to the observed precipitation of the intermetallic sigma phase in the microstructure of the stainless steel weldments and the corresponding fracture surface morphology. | Omyma Hassan Ibrahim Ibrahim Soliman Ibrahim Tarek Ahmed Fouad Khalifa | 2010 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2010，26，9： | 12 |
| 8 | Predictors of long term survival after hepatic resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma:A retrospective study of 5-year survivors显示文摘AIM:To determine predictors of long term survival after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma(HC) by comparing patients surviving > 5 years with those who survived < 5 years.METHODS:This is a retrospective study of patients with pathologically proven HC who underwent surgical resection at the Gastroenterology Surgical Center,Mansoura University,Egypt between January 2002 and April 2013.All data of the patients were collected from the medical records.patients were divided into two groups according to their survival:patients surviving less than 5 years and those who survived > 5 years.RESULTS:There were 34(14%) long term survivors(5 year survivors) among the 243 patients.Fiveyear survivors were younger at diagnosis than those surviving less than 5 years(mean age,50.47 ± 4.45 vs 54.59 ± 4.98,p = 0.001).Gender,clinical presentation,preoperative drainage,preoperative serum bilirubin,albumin and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were similar between the two groups.The level of CA 19-9 was significantly higher in patients surviving < 5 years(395.71 ± 31.43 vs 254.06 ± 42.19,p = 0.0001).Univariate analysis demonstrated nine variables to be significantly associated with survival > 5 year,includingyoung age(p = 0.001),serum CA19-9(p = 0.0001),non-cirrhotic liver(p = 0.02),major hepatic resection(p = 0.001),caudate lobe resection(p = 0.006),well differentiated tumour(p = 0.03),lymph node status(0.008),R0 resection margin(p = 0.0001) and early postoperative liver cell failure(p = 0.02).CONCLUSION:Liver status,resection of caudate lobe,lymph node status,R0 resection and CA19-9 were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for long term survival. | Mohamed Abd El Wahab Ayman El Nakeeb Ehab El Hanafy Ahmad M Sultan Ahmed Elghawalby Waleed Askr Mahmoud Ali Mohamed Abd El Gawad Tarek Salah | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，6： | 10 |
| 9 | YKL-40 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma:a potential biomarker?显示文摘BACKGROUND:YKL-40 is a new biomarker with diagnostic value in many different cancers.Whether it may serve as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear.This study aimed to examine the expression of YKL-40 in the serum and liver tissues of HCC patients and in HCC cell lines,in comparison with that in non-HCC liver disease patients and non-tumor hepatic cell lines,respectively.METHODS:Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect YKL-40 protein expression in liver biopsy specimens from 8 HCC patients.ELISA was used to assess the serum YKL-40 level in 90 HCC patients,90 inactive HBsAg carrier (IHC) patients with normal liver functions,and 90 liver cirrhosis patients.Real-time PCR was used to determine the YKL-40 mRNA expression in three HCC cell lines and two non-tumor hepatic cell lines.RESULTS:Immunohistochemical staining of liver biopsy specimens from HCC patients showed that the YKL-40 protein expression in tumor tissue was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues.ELISA revealed that the YKL-40 serum level in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the IHC group,but not significantly different from that in the cirrhosis group.Real-time PCR showed that YKL-40 mRNA levels in HCC cell lines were significantly higher than those in nontumor hepatic cells.CONCLUSIONS:YKL-40 is highly expressed in HCC at the molecular,cellular and tissue levels.However,it may not serve as a serum biomarker for HCC because measurement of the serum YKL-40 level cannot distinguish HCC from cirrhosis. | Tarek Hassanein | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，6： | 10 |
| 10 | Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Risk factors and predictors of severity显示文摘AIM To detect risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) pancreatitis(PEP) and investigate the predictors of its severity.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of all patients who underwent ERCP.Pre-ERCP data,intraoperative data,and post-ERCP data were collected.RESULTS The study population consisted of 996 patients.Their mean age at presentation was 58.42(± 14.72) years,and there were 454 male and 442 female patients.Overall,PEP occurred in 102(10.2%) patients of the study population; eighty(78.4%) cases were of mild to moderate degree,while severe pancreatitis occurred in 22(21.6%) patients.No hospital mortality was reported for any of PEP patients during the study duration.Age less than 35 years(P = 0.001,OR = 0.035),narrower common bile duct(CBD) diameter(P = 0.0001) and increased number of pancreatic cannulations(P = 0.0001) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of PEP.CONCLUSION PEP is the most frequent and devastating complication after ERCP.Age less than 35 years,narrower median CBD diameter and increased number of pancreaticcannulations are independent risk factors for the occurrence of PEP.Patients with these risk factors are candidates for prophylactic and preventive measures against PEP. | Ayman El Nakeeb Ehab El Hanafy Tarek Salah Ehab Atef Hosam Hamed Ahmad M Sultan Emad Hamdy Mohamed Said Ahmed A El Geidie Tharwat Kandil Mohamed El Shobari Gamal El Ebidy | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，19： | 10 |
| 11 | Stem cells in neuroinjury and neurodegenerative disorders: challenges and future neurotherapeutic prospects显示文摘The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and neural injury disorders is increasing worldwide. Research is now focusing on improving current neurogenesis techniques including neural stem cell therapy and other biochemical drug-based approaches to ameliorate these disorders. Unfortunately, we are still facing many obstacles that are rendering current neurotherapies ineffective in clinical trials for reasons that are yet to be discovered. That is why we should start by fully understanding the complex mechanisms of neurogenesis and the factors that affect it, or else, all our suggested therapies would fail since they would not be targeting the essence of the neurological disorder but rather the symptoms. One possible paradigm shift is to switch from neuroprotectant therapies towards neurodegeneration/neurorestorative approaches. In addition, other and our laboratories are increasingly focusing on combining the use of pharmacological agents(such as Rho-associated kinase(ROCK) inhibitors or other growth factors(such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)) and stem cell treatment to enhance the survivability and/or differentiation capacity of transplanted stem cells in neurotrauma or other neurodegeneration animal models. Ongoing stem cell research is surely on the verge of a breakthrough of multiple effective therapeutic options for neurodegenerative disorders. Once, we fully comprehend the process of neurogenesis and its components, we will fully be capable of manipulating and utilizing it. In this work, we discuss the current knowledge of neuroregenerative therapies and their associated challenges. | Tarek H.Mouhieddine Firas H.Kobeissy Muhieddine Itani Amaly Nokkari Kevin K.W.Wang | 2014 | Neural Regeneration Research2014，9，9： | 9 |
| 12 | Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and micro-RNA in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus显示文摘BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has shown promise in the detection and quantification of hepatic fibrosis. In addition, the liver has numerous endogenous micro-RNAs(miRs) that play important roles in the regulation of biological processes such as cell proliferation and hepatic fibrosis.AIM To assess diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and miRs in diagnosing and staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.METHODS This prospective study included 208 patients and 82 age-and sex-matched controls who underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen, miR profiling, and liver biopsy. Pathological scoring was classified according to the METAVIR scoring system. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and miR were calculated and correlated with pathological scoring.RESULTS The ADC value decreased significantly with the progression of fibrosis, from controls(F0) to patients with early fibrosis(F1 and F2) to those with late fibrosis(F3 and F4)(median 1.92, 1.53, and 1.25 × 10^(-3) mm^2/s, respectively)(P = 0.001).The cut-off ADC value used to differentiate patients from controls was 1.83 × 10^(-3) mm^2/s with an area under the curve(AUC) of 0.992. Combining ADC and miR-200 b revealed the highest AUC(0.995) for differentiating patients from controls with an accuracy of 96.9%. The cut-off ADC used to differentiate early fibrosis from late fibrosis was 1.54 × 10^(-3) mm^2/s with an AUC of 0.866. The combination of ADC and miR-200 b revealed the best AUC(0.925) for differentiating early fibrosis from late fibrosis with an accuracy of 80.2%. The ADC correlated with miR-200 b(r =-0.61, P = 0.001), miR-21(r =-0.62, P = 0.001), and miR-29(r = 0.52,P = 0.001).CONCLUSION Combining ADC and miRs offers an alternative surrogate non-invasive diagnostic tool for diagnosing and staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. | Tarek Besheer Hatem Elalfy Mohamed Abd El-Maksoud Ahmed Abd El-Razek Saher Taman Khaled Zalata Wagdy Elkashef Hossam Zaghloul Heba Elshahawy Doaa Raafat Wafaa Elemshaty Eman Elsayed Abdel-Hady El-Gilany Mahmoud El-Bendary | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，11： | 9 |
| 13 | Neoadjuvant sorafenib combined with gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘This paper reports the first case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma with lymph node metastasis treated by sorafenib combined with gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin,with a partial response and normalization of α fetoprotein,which allowed curative surgery.The potential synergy between these three drugs needs to be confirmed,and is currently being investigated in a randomized phase Ⅱ trial. | Nicolas Williet Olivier Dubreuil Tarek Boussaha Isabelle Trouilloud Bruno Landi Martin Housset Muriel Botti Philippe Rougier Jacques Belghiti Julien Taieb | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，17： | 8 |
| 14 | Maize response to elevated plant density combined with lowered N-fertilizer rate is genotype-dependent显示文摘Increasing plant density and improving N fertilizer rate along with the use of high density-tolerant genotypes would lead to maximizing maize(Zea mays L.) grain productivity per unit land area. The objective of this investigation was to match the functions of optimum plant density and adequate nitrogen fertilizer application to produce the highest possible yields per unit area with the greatest maize genotype efficiency. Six maize inbred lines differing in tolerance to low N and high density(D) [three tolerant(T); L-17, L-18, L-53,and three sensitive(S); L-29, L-54, L-55] were chosen for diallel crosses. Parents and crosses were evaluated in the 2012 and 2013 seasons under three plant densities: low(47,600),medium(71,400), and high(95,200) plants ha-1and three N fertilization rates: low(no N addition), medium(285 kg N ha-1) and high(570 kg N ha-1). The T × T crosses were superior to the S × S and T × S crosses under the low N–high D environment in most studied traits across seasons. The relationships between the nine environments and grain yield per hectare(GYPH) showed near-linear regression functions for inbreds L54, L29, and L55 and hybrids L18 × L53 and L18 × L55 with the highest GYPH at a density of47,600 plants ha-1and N rate of 570 kg N ha-1and a curvilinear relationship for inbreds L17, L18, and L53 and the rest of the hybrids with the highest GYPH at a density of95,200 plants ha-1combined with an N rate of 570 kg N ha-1. Cross L17 × L54 gave the highest grain yield in this study under both high N–high-D(19.9 t ha-1) and medium N–high-D environments(17.6 t ha-1). | Ahmed Medhat M.Al-Naggar Reda A.Shabana Mohamed M.M.Atta Tarek H.Al-Khalil | 2015 | The Crop Journal2015，3，2： | 7 |
| 15 | 用等离子旋转电极工艺生产高氮钢显示文摘为了寻求高效、经济的高氮钢生产工艺,用等离子旋转电极工艺(PREP)生产高氮钢并测试了所生产的几种典型高氮钢的性能。结果表明,氮可显著地提高奥氏体不锈钢1 4301的室温及高温强度;氮可以提高马氏体不锈钢的强度。为保证高氮马氏体不锈钢的淬透性,应根据氮含量适当降低其碳含量或提高铬含量。对于铬含量为17%的马氏体不锈钢1 4122,其碳和氮的总含量不应超过0 65%;当氮含量达到0 24%时,铁素体不锈钢1 4016转变成为马氏体钢,其强度高于碳和氮的总含量与其相当的普通马氏体不锈钢1 4122。 | 陶宇 Tarek El Gammal | 2004 | 钢铁研究学报2004，16，1： | 7 |
| 16 | Adaptability of anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement显示文摘The control of balance is crucial for efficiently performing most of our daily motor tasks, such as those involving goal-directed arm movements or whole body displacement. The purpose of this article is twofold. Firstly, it is to recall how balance can be maintained despite the different sources of postural perturbation arising during voluntary movement. The importance of the so-called 'anticipatory postural adjustments'(APA), taken as a 'line of defence' against the destabilizing effect induced by a predicted perturbation, is emphasized. Secondly, it is to report the results of recent studies that questioned the adaptability of APA to various constraints imposed on the postural system. The postural constraints envisaged here are classified into biomechanical(postural stability, superimposition of motor tasks),(neuro) physiological(fatigue), temporal(time pressure) and psychological(fear of falling, emotion). Overall, the results of these studies point out the capacity of the central nervous system(CNS) to adapt the spatio-temporal features of APA to each of theseconstraints. However, it seems that, depending on the constraint, the 'priority' of the CNS was focused on postural stability maintenance, on body protection and/or on maintenance of focal movement performance. | Eric Yiou Teddy Caderby Tarek Hussein | 2012 | World Journal of Orthopedics2012，3，6： | 7 |
| 17 | Significance of serum leptin and adiponectin levels in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus associated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis显示文摘AIM:To study serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection genotype-4(HCV-4) related steatosis and fibrosis.METHODS:We prospectively studied 45 untreated men with chronic HCV-4,with proven steatosis(group Ⅰ,30 patients),and fibrosis(group Ⅱ,15 patients),on liver biopsy.In addition,15 healthy men(group Ⅲ),matched for age,and body mass index were included.However,we excluded another five patients with steatohepatitis,and six patients with cirrhosis.We measured total serum leptin and adiponectin levels,as potential predictors for liver steatosis and fibrosis.Also,a correlation between these adipokines and various clinical and laboratory data were evaluated.All subjects were selected from Tropical and Internal medicine departments,Menoufiya University Hospital,Menoufiya,Egypt,during the period from February 2010 to August 2011.RESULTS:In group Ⅰ,severity of hepatic steatosis was mild,moderate,and severe,in 19 patients(63.5%),8 patients(26.5%),and 3 patients(10%),respectively.In contrast,in group Ⅱ,hepatic fibrosis was found to be in stage 1,2,and 3,in 6 patients(40%),in 6 patients(40%),and in 3 patients(20%),respectively.On comparing group Ⅰ with group Ⅱ,there was a significant decrease in serum adiponectin levels(131.4 ± 7.91 pg/mL vs 436 ± 9.75 pg/mL,P < 0.001),while there was no significant difference between both groups regarding serum leptin levels(34.69 ± 7.69 ng/mL vs 35.17 ± 1.06 ng/mL,P > 0.05).However,in the same group,when compared with group Ⅲ,there was a significant increase in serum leptin levels(34.69 ± 7.69 ng/mL vs 10.69 ± 0.84 ng/mL,P < 0.001),while there was a significant decrease in serum adiponectin levels(131.4 ± 7.91 pg/mL vs 342.4 ± 44.48 pg/mL,P < 0.001).In contrast,in group Ⅱ,when compared with group Ⅲ,there was a significant increase in serum leptin and adiponectin levels(35.17 ± 1.06 ng/mL vs 10.69 ± 0.84 ng/mL,P < 0.001,and 436 ± 9.75 pg /mL vs 342.4 ± 44.48 pg/mL,P < 0.05,respectively),while there was no significant difference between both groups regarding serum creatinine(0.83 ± 0.34 vs 0.89 ± 0.24,P > 0.05).On the other hand,serum leptin was not correlated with serum adiponectin in group Ⅰ and in group Ⅱ(r = 0.09,P > 0.05,and r =-0.1,P > 0.05,respectively).However,serum adiponectin was significantly negatively correlated with serum aspartate transaminase in group Ⅰ,but no correlation detected in group Ⅱ(r =-0.39,P > 0.05,and r =-0.03,P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:In male patients with chronic HCV-4,serum adiponectin levels are elevated in hepatic fibrosis,but decreased in steatosis.Therefore,in contrast to leptin,adiponectin may be used as a non-invasive marker. | Tarek E Korah Sawsan El-Sayed Maathir K ElShafie Ghada E Hammoda Manal A Safan | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，2： | 7 |
| 18 | Intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A useful tool in the hands of the hepatobiliary surgeon显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP) combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) forpatients with gall bladder stones(GS) and common bile duct stones(CBDS).METHODS: Patients treated for GS with CBDS were included. LC and intraoperative transcystic cholangiogram(TCC) were performed in most of the cases. Intraoperative ERCP was done for cases with proven CBDS.RESULTS: Eighty patients who had GS with CBDS were included. LC was successful in all cases. Intraoperative TCC revealed passed CBD stones in 4 cases so intraoperative ERCP was performed only in 76 patients. Intraoperative ERCP showed dilated CBD with stones in 64 cases(84.2%) where removal of stones were successful; passed stones in 6 cases(7.9%); short lower end stricture with small stones present in two cases(2.6%) which were treated by removal of stones with stent insertion; long stricture lower 1/3 CBD in one case(1.3%) which was treated by open hepaticojejunostomy; and one case(1.3%) was proved to be ampullary carcinoma and whipple's operation was scheduled. CONCLUSION: The hepatobiliary surgeon should be trained on ERCP as the third hand to expand his field of therapeutic options. | Ayman El Nakeeb Ahmad M Sultan Emad Hamdy Ehab El Hanafy Ehab Atef Tarek Salah Ahmed A El Geidie Tharwat Kandil Mohamed El Shobari Gamal El Ebidy | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，2： | 6 |
| 19 | Centrifuge modeling of PGD response of buried pipe显示文摘A new centrifuge based method for determining the response of continuous buried pipe to PGD is presented.The physical characteristics of the RPI's 100 g-ton geotechnical centrifuge and the current lifeline experiment split-box are described: The split-box contains the model pipeline and surrounding soil and is manufactured such that half can be offset, in flight, simulating PGD. In addition, governing similitude relations which allow one to determine the physical characteristics,(diameter, wall thickness and material modulus of elasticity) of the model pipeline are presented. Finally, recorded strains induced in two buried pipes with prototype diameters of 0.63 m and 0.95 m (24 and 36 inch) subject to 0.6 and 2.0 meters (2and 6 feet) of full scale fault offsets and presented and compared to corresponding FE results. | Michael O'Rourke Vikram Gadicherla Tarek Abdoun | 2005 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2005，4，1： | 5 |
| 20 | Silicon-mediated highly efficient synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and their transformation to novel functionalized pyrano-tetrazolo[1,5-a]azepine derivatives显示文摘A facile and highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives was achieved through cascade Knoevenagel-Michael condensations and cyclo-dehydration reaction utilizing tetrachlorosilane(TCS) as catalyst under mild conditions.Reaction of the titled compounds with TCSNaN_3 to give novel functionalized pyrano[3,2-c]tetrazolo[1,5-a]azepine derivatives is also described. | Hanan A.Soliman Tarek A.Salama | 2013 | Chinese Chemical Letters2013，24，5： | 5 |
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