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| 1 | Combination drug regimens for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma显示文摘Renal cell carcinomas(RCC)make up about 90%of kidney cancers,of which 80%are of the clear cell subtype.About 20%of patients are already metastatic at the time of diagnosis.Initial treatment is often cytoreductive nephrectomy,but systemic therapy is required for advanced RCC.Single agent targeted therapies are moderately toxic and only somewhat effective,leading to development of immunotherapies and combination therapies.This review identifies limitations of monotherapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma,discusses recent advances in combination therapies,and highlights therapeutic options under development.The goal behind combining various modalities of systemic therapy is to potentiate a synergistic antitumor effect.However,combining targeted therapies may cause increased toxicity.The initial attempts to create therapeutic combinations based on inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor or mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were largely unsuccessful in achieving a profile of increased synergy without increased toxicity.To date,five combination therapies have been approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration,with the most recently approved therapies being a combination of checkpoint inhibition plus targeted therapy.Several other combination therapies are under development,including some in the phase 3 stage.The new wave of combination therapies for metastatic RCC has the potential to increase response rates and improve survival outcomes while maintaining tolerable side effect profiles. | Viraj V Khetani Daniella E Portal Mansi R Shah Tina Mayer Eric A Singer | 2020 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2020，11，8： | 2 |
| 2 | Thoracic epidural analgesia inhibits the neuro-hormonal but not the acute inflammatory stress response after radical retropubic prostatectomy显示文摘 | Fant F Tina E Sandblom D | 2013 | Br J Anaesth2013，110，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Hydrogels for protein delivery 显示文摘 | Tina Vermonden Roberta Censi Win E Hennink | 2012 | Chem Rev2012，112，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Only the CIM5RA ^+ subpopula- tion of CIM ^+ CD25^bright regulatory T cells gives rise to homogeneous regu- latory T-cell lines upon in vitro expansion 显示文摘 | Hoffman P Ruediger E Tina J Bet a/ | 2006 | Blood2006，108，： | 1 |
| 5 | Mechanical Bowel Preparation in Intestfilal Surgery:A MemAnalysis and Review of the Literature显示文摘 | Carlos E Pineda Andrew A Shelton Tina Heman-dez-Boussard | 2008 | Gastrointest Surg2008，12，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Cer vical length and risk of antepartum bleeding in women with complete placenta previa显示文摘 | Ghi T Contro E Mar tina T | 2009 | Uhrasound Obstet Gynecol2009，31，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Chemoprevention of mouse intestinal tumorigenesis by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor SNS-032显示文摘 | Amelie B Tina C Greg H E | 2009 | Cancer Prey Res (Phila)2009，2，9： | 1 |
| 8 | Synthesis and fungicidal activity of new N,O-aeyl chitosan derivatives显示文摘 | Mohamed E I Badawy Entsar I Rabea Tina M Rogge | 2004 | Biomacromolecules2004，5，： | 1 |
| 9 | Thoracic epidural analgesia inhib- its the neuro hormonal but not the acute inflammatory stress response after radical retropubic plvstatectomy 显示文摘 | Fant F Tina E Sandblom D | 2013 | Br J Anaesth2013，110，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Usher syndrome: molecular links of pathogenesis, proteins and pathways 显示文摘 | Kremer H Wijk E van Tina Marker T | 2006 | Hu- man Molecular Genetics2006，15，2： | 1 |
| 11 | A prospective evaluation of esophageal testing and a double-blind, randomized study of omeprazole in a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for chronic cough显示文摘 | Tina M Ours Mani S Kavuru Robert J Schilz Joel E Richter | 1999 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology1999，，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Loss of red cell A, B, and H antigens is frequent in myeloid malignancies 显示文摘 | Tina B Belinda J Robert E | 2001 | Blood2001，97，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Thoracic cpidural analgesia in- hibits the neuro-hormonal but not the acute inflammatory stress re- sponse after radical retropubic prostatectomy 显示文摘 | Fant F Tina E Sandblom D | 2013 | Br J Anaesth2013，110，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of aminoguanidine in preventing experimental diabetic nephropathy are related to the duration of treatment显示文摘 | Tina S Mark E Cooper M | 1996 | Kidney Int1996，50，： | 1 |
| 15 | Synthesis and fungicidal activity of new N, O-acyl ehitosan derivatives显示文摘 | Mohamed E I Badawy Entsar 1 Rabea Tina M Rogge | 2004 | Biomacromolecules2004，5，： | 1 |
| 16 | CD4,CD8 and TCR defined Tcell subsets in thymus and spleen of 2-and 7-week old com-mercial broilerchickens显示文摘 | Gisela P E Waltter G B Tina K B | 1998 | Vet Immunol Immunop1998，62，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Quality of life and patient satisfaction in breast cancer patients after immediate breast reconstruction: A prospective study显示文摘 | Elisabeth E E Yvonne B Tina B | 2005 | The Breast2005，14，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Feedback inhibition of chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase (tyrA) of Escherichia coli: Generation and characterization of tyrosine-insensitive mutants 显示文摘 | Tina L E Gregory S | 2005 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology2005，71，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Thoracic epidural analgesia inhibits the neuro-hormonal but not the acute inflam- matory stress response after radical retropubic prostatectomy显示文摘 | FANT F TINA E SANDBLOM D | 2013 | Br J Anaesth2013，110，5： | 1 |
| 20 | CD4,CD8 and TCR defined T-cell subsets in thymus and spleen of 2-and 7-week old commercial broiler chickens显示文摘 | Gisela F E Walter G B Tina K B | 1998 | Vet Immunol Immunop1998，62，1： | 1 |
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