| 1 | Resistance status of main malaria vector, Liston (Diptera:Culicidae) to insecticides in a malaria Endemic Area,Southern Iran显示文摘Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi) Liston, the main malaria vector in southern Iran, to WHO recommended insecticides. Methods: Larvae of An. stephensi were collected from three different larval habitats in both urban and rural area of Bandar Abbas city and one rural area in Rudan county southern Iran. WHO standard method was used for evaluation of adult and larval mosquito susceptibility. Bendiocarb, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin as insecticide and temephos and chlorpyriphos as larvicide were used at the diagnostic dosages recommended by WHO. Results: Findings of this study showed all larval populations of An. stephensi were completely susceptible to temephos and candidate for resistance to chlorpyriphos. Adult mosquitoes in rural areas of Bandar Abbas city were resistant to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Conclusion: Comparison of the results of this survey with previous studies indicates that the resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in this malaria endemic region is increasing. Wide use of pesticides in agriculture is certainly effective in increasing resistance. The inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration in health and agriculture seem to be necessary to manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. | Madineh Abbasi Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi Hassan Vatandoost Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Teimour Hazratian Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat Sajjad Fekri Reza Safari Abdol Rasoul Mojahedi Yousef Salari | 2019 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2019，12，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Phenology and population dynamics of sand flies in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Azarbaijan Province,North western of Iran显示文摘Objective:To investigate species composition,density,accumulated degree-day and diversity of sand flies during April to October 2010 in Azarshahr district,a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in north western Iran.Methods:Sand flies were collected using sticky traps biweekly and were stored in 96%ethanol.All specimens were mounted in Puri’s medium for species identification using valid keys of sandflies.The density was calculated by the formula: number of specimens/m of sticky traps and number of specimens/ number of traps.Degree-day was calculated as follows:(Maximum temperature + Minimum temperature)/2—Minimum threshold.Diversity indices of the collected sand flies within different villages were estimated by the Shannon- weaver formula(H’=sum form(i=1) to s Pi log_e Pi ).Results:Totally 5 557 specimens comprising 16 Species(14 Phlebotomus,and 2 Sergentomyia) were indentified.The activity of the species extended from April to October.Common sand-flies in resting places were Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus mongolensis.The monthly average density was 37.6.41.1, 40.23,30.38 and 30.67 for Almalodash,Jaragil,Segaiesh,Amirdizaj and Germezgol villages, respectively.Accumulated degree-day from early January to late May was approximately 289 degree days.The minimum threshold temperature for calculating of accumulated degree-day was 17.32℃.According on the Shannon-weaver(H’),diversity of sand flies within area study were estimated as 0.917,1.867,1.339,1.673,and 1.562 in Almalodash,Jaragil,Segaiesh,Amirdizaj and Germezgol villages,respectively.Conclusions:This study is the first detailed research in terms of species composition,density,accumulated degree-day and diversity of sand flies in an endemic focus of visceral leishamaniasis in Azarshahr district.The population dynamics of sand flies in Azarshahr district were greatly affected by climatic factors.According to this study the highest activity of the collected sand fly species occurs at the teritary week of August.It could help health authorities to predicate period of maximum risk of visceral leishamaniasis transmission and implement control program. | Teimour Hazratian Yavar Rassi Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi Esmael Fallah Mohammad Reza Shirzadi Sina Rafizadeh | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，8： | 0 |
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