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| 1 | 欧洲卒中组织颅内动脉瘤和蛛网膜下腔出血处理指南显示文摘背景伴或不伴蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoidhaemorrhage,SAH)的颅内动脉瘤是一个重要的健康问题,其总体发病率约为9/10万,在不同国家存在很大差异,在某些国家可高达20/10万。采用保守治疗时,发病最初数月内病死率为50%~60%。在动脉瘤未经处理的患者中,约1剧寄在初次出血恢复后6个月内死于再次出血。此外,血管痉挛、脑积水、迟发性缺血性神经功能缺损以及其他并发症均会影响预后。本指南旨在为伴和不伴颅内动脉瘤的SAH以及未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的处理提供全面的推荐意见。方法我们使用Medline和Embase进行广泛的文献检索(时间范围为1960年至2011年)。写作组成员通过面谈和电话会议的形式讨论各条推荐意见。按照欧洲神经科学学会联盟标准对检索结果进行分级。欧洲卒中组织指南委员会成员对本指南进行了审阅。结果本指南为SAH的流行病学、危险因素和预后提供了循证信息,并为破裂和未破裂颅内动脉瘤的诊断和治疗方法提供了循证推荐意见。我们明确了动脉瘤生长和破裂的多种危险因素,并且提供了诊断性检查、监测和一般处理(血压、血糖、体温、血栓预防、抗癫痫治疗和类固醇的使用)的推荐意见。特异性治疗干预需考虑处理时机、夹闭和弹簧圈栓塞。本指南还涉及并发症的处理,如脑积水、血管痉挛和迟发性缺血性神经功能缺损等,并对非动脉瘤性SAH和未破裂动脉瘤的处理提供了推荐意见。结论破裂颅内动脉瘤是一种严重的疾病,具有很高的继发并发症风险,需要在治疗此类患者方面有着丰富经验的医疗中心内及时治疗。本指南为破裂或未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的处理提供了实用的循证建议。应用这些措施能改善SAH的预后。 | Thorsten Steiner Andreas Unterberg Carla Jung Michael Forsting Seppo Juvela Gabriel Rinkel 吴政政(译) 李政(译) 陈蓓蕾(译) 陈聪(译) 杨卉(译) 徐运(译) | 2013 | 国际脑血管病杂志2013，21，6： | 182 |
| 2 | Gallbladder carcinoma: prognostic factors and therapeutic options显示文摘The outcome of gallbladder carcinoma is poor,and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. In early-stage disease,a 5-year survival rate up to 75% can be achieved if stage-adjusted therapy is performed. There is wide geographic variability in the frequency of gallbladder carcinoma,which can only be explained by an interaction between genetic factors and their alteration. Gallstones and chronic cholecystitis are important risk factors in the formation of gallbladder malignancies. Factors such as chronic bacterial infection,primary sclerosing cholangitis,an anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary duct,and several types of gallbladder polyps are associated with a higher risk of gallbladder cancer. There is also an interesting correlation between risk factors and the histological type of cancer. However,despite theoretical risk factors,only a third of gallbladder carcinomas are recognized preoperatively. In most patients,the tumor is diagnosed by the pathologist after a routine cholecystectomy for a benign disease and is termed ‘‘incidental or occult gallbladder carcinoma''(IGBC). A cholecystectomy is performed frequently due to the minimal invasiveness of the laparoscopic technique. Therefore,the postoperative diagnosis of potentially curable early-stage disease is more frequent. A second radical re-resection to complete a radical cholecystectomy is required for several IGBCs. However,the literature and guidelines used in different countries differ regarding the radicality or T-stage criteria for performing a radical cholecystectomy. The NCCN guidelines and data from the German registry(GR),which records the largest number of incidental gallbladder carcinomas in Europe,indicate that carcinomas infiltrating the muscularis propria or beyond require radical surgery. According to GR data and current literature,a wedge resection with a combined dissection of the lymph nodes of the hepatoduodenal ligament is adequate for T1 b and T2 carcinomas. The reason for a radical cholecystectomy after simple CE in a formally R0 situation is either occult invasion or hepatic spread with unknown lymphogenic dissemination. Unfortunately,there are diverse interpretations and practices regarding stageadjusted therapy for gallbladder carcinoma. The current data suggest that more radical therapy is warranted. | Thorsten Oliver Goetze | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，43： | 43 |
| 3 | Drought Responses of Leaf Tissues from Wheat Cultivars of Differing Drought Tolerance at the Metabolite Level显示文摘干旱在谷物庄稼的生理学上有严肃的效果。在细胞并且明确地代谢物水平,许多单个混合物被增加提供 osmoprotective 功能,并且减少,阻止酶的分离在房间在场的反应的氧种类的数字。我们使用了一条指向的 GCMS 途径识别在忍耐的不同层次在干旱应力下面描绘到干旱的面包小麦的三不同栽培变种不同的混合物(反曲刀的一种,偏狭;Excalibur 和 RAC875,容忍) 。氨基酸,最尤其是脯氨酸,色氨酸,和分叉的链氨基酸白氨酸,异白氨酸,和缬氨酸的层次在所有栽培变种在干旱应力下面被增加。在二容忍的栽培变种,在很多器官的酸的小减少也是明显的。Excalibur,栽培变种 genotypically 与反曲刀的一种有关,显示出更类似于在浇得好的条件下面的反曲刀的一种的反应的一个模式。在干旱应力下面, Excalibur 和 RAC875 有类似的回答;然而, Excalibur 没有象 RAC875 的反应的一样的大小。这里,结果在以前的工作的上下文被讨论在生理并且在干旱应力下面的这些栽培变种的 proteomic 分析。 | Jairus B. Bowne Tim A. Erwin Juan Juttner Thorsten Schnurbusch Peter Langridge Antony Bacic Ute Roessner | 2012 | Molecular Plant2012，5，2： | 25 |
| 4 | On the combined effect of soil fertility and topography on tree growth in subtropical forest ecosystems—a study from SE China显示文摘Aims The aim of our research was to understand small-scale effects of topography and soil fertility on tree growth in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment in subtropical SE China.Methods Geomorphometric terrain analyses were carried out at a spatial resolution of 5×5 m.Soil samples of different depth increments and data on tree height were collected from a total of 566 plots(667 m2 each).The soils were analyzed for carbon(soil organic carbon[SOC]),nitrogen,acidity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable cations and base saturation as soil fertility attributes.All plots were classified into geomorphological units.Analyses of variance and linear regressions were applied to all terrain,soil fertility and tree growth attributes.Important Findings In general,young and shallow soils and relatively small differences in stable soil properties suggest that soil erosion has truncated the soils to a large extent over the whole area of the experiment.This explains the concurrently increasing CEC and SOC stocks downslope,in hollows and in valleys.However,colluvial,carbon-rich sediments are missing widely due to the convexity of the footslopes caused by uplift and removal of eroded sediments by adjacent waterways.The results showed that soil fertility is mainly influenced by topography.Monte-Carlo flow accumulation(MCCA),curvature,slope and aspect significantly affected soil fertility.Furthermore,soil fertility was affected by the different geomorphological positions on the experimental sites with ridge and spur positions showing lower exchangeable base cation contents,especially potassium(K),due to leaching.This geomorphological effect of soil fertility is most pronounced in the topsoil and decreases when considering the subsoil down to 50 cm depth.Few soil fertility attributes affect tree height after 1-2 years of growth,among which C stocks proved to be most important while pH_(KCl)and CEC only played minor roles.Nevertheless,soil acidity and a high proportion of Al on the exchange complex affected tree height even after only 1-2 years growth.Hence,our study showed that forest nutrition is coupled to a recycling of litter nutrients,and does not only depend on subsequent supply of nutrients from the mineral soil.Besides soil fertility,topography affected tree height.We found that especially MCCA as indicator of water availability affected tree growth at small-scale,as well as aspect.Overall,our synthesis on the interrelation between fertility,topography and tree growth in a subtropical forest ecosystem in SE China showed that topographic heterogeneity lead to ecological gradients across geomorphological positions.In this respect,small-scale soil-plant interactions in a young forest can serve as a driver for the future development of vegetation and biodiversity control on soil fertility.In addition,it shows that terrain attributes should be accounted for in ecological research. | Thomas Scholten Philipp Goebes Peter Kühn Steffen Seitz Thorsten Assmann Jürgen Bauhus Helge Bruelheide Francois Buscot Alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer Werner Härdtle Jin-Sheng He Keping Ma Pascal A.Niklaus Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Xuezheng Shi Zhengshan Song Goddert von Oheimb Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Karsten Schmidt | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 22 |
| 5 | Imaging of multiple myeloma: Current concepts显示文摘Medical imaging is of crucial importance for diagnosis and initial staging as well as for differentiation of multiple myeloma(MM)from other monoclonal plasma cell diseases.Conventional radiography represents the reference standard for diagnosis of MM due to its wide availability and low costs despite its known limitations such as low sensitivity,limited specificity and its inability to detect extraosseous lesions.Besides conventional radiography,newer cross-sectional imaging modalities such as whole-body low-dose computed tomography(CT),whole-body magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)positron emission tomography(PET)/CT are available for the diagnosis of osseous and extraosseous manifestations of MM.Whole-body low-dose CT is used increasingly,replacing conventional radiography at selected centers,due to its higher sensitivity for the detection of osseous lesions and its ability to diagnose extraosseous lesions.The highest sensitivity for both detection of bone marrow disease and extraosseous lesions can be achieved with whole-body MRI and18F-FDG PET/CT.According to current evidence,MRI is the most sensitive method for initial staging while18F-FDG PET/CT allows monitoring of treatment of MM.There is an evolving role for assessment of treatment response using newer MR imagingtechniques.Future studies are needed to further define the exact role of the different imaging modalities for individual risk stratification and therapy monitoring. | Thorsten Derlin Peter Bannas | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 20 |
| 6 | Thulium:YAG VapoEnucleation of the prostate in large glands: a prospective comparison using 70- and 120-W 2-μm lasers显示文摘这研究比较了 70-w 和 120-w 2-µ 的功效; m 铥: 为有良性的 prostatic 阻塞(BPO ) 的病人的前列腺(ThuVEP ) 的钇铝柘榴石 VapoEnucleation。有征兆的 BPO 和 prostatic 增大的 84 个病人的未来的分析(≥ 60 ml ) 非随机经历了 70-w (n=44 ) 或 120-w ThuVEP (n=40 ) 的人,被执行。耐心的人口分布和 perioperative 和 12 月的后续数据被分析。吝啬的前列腺体积是 79.90 ± 27.49 在谁的病人的 ml 收到了 70-w ThuVEP,它是不到在里面收到了 120-w ThuVEP 的那些(88.53 ± 25.10;P=0.033 ) 。吝啬的 enucleation (resected 重量 / 激光时间, 2.16 ± 1.21 g min −1 对 1.23 ± 0.60 g min −1 ;P=0.013 ) ,操作效率(resected 重量 / 总数操作时间, 0.76 ± 0.35 g min −1 对 0.42 ± 0.27 g min −1 ;P=0.000 ) 并且 resected 织物的百分比(66.93 % ± 22.79 %对 45.41 % ± 23.33 %P=0.000 ) 与与 70-w ThuVEP 相比的 120-w 治疗是更高的。一个病人(1.2 %彻底的病人)( 在 120-w 组) 手术后地要求了输血。61 个病人(73 %) 为在 12 月的后续时间点的评论是可得到的。生活( QoL )的质量,国际前列腺症状分数( IPSS ),最大的尿流动率( Q 最大), postvoiding 剩余尿( PVR )和前列腺体积在治疗以后显著地改善了( P≤ ; 0.035 )并且不在与不同设备(70-w)和 120-w )对待的那些之间是显著地不同的。中部的前列腺体积减小是 81.70 %并且 82.19 %与 70-w 和 120-w ThuVEP,分别地。复杂并发症的发生是低的并且没在与不同设备对待的组之间不同。二个病人(2.4 %)( 一个每组) 在后续有膀胱颈挛缩。ThuVEP 是为征兆的 BPO 的治疗的一个安全、有效的过程。复杂并发症的发生与两台设备是低的。120-w 铥: 钇铝柘榴石设备关于 resected 织物和 enucleation/operation 效率的百分比提高 ThuVEP 的有效性。 | Christopher Netsch Thorsten Bach Thomas RW Herrmann Andreas J Gross | 2012 | Asian Journal of Andrology2012，14，2： | 18 |
| 7 | Heat Shock Factors HsfB 1 and HsfB2b Are Involved in the Regulation of Pdf1.2 Expression and Pathogen Resistance in Arabidopsis显示文摘以便估计热的功能的角色在 Arabidopsis 的导致压力的班 B 热吃惊因素,我们调查了 AtHsfB1 和 AtHsfB2b 的 T-DNA 猛烈异种。在异种的 defensin 基因 Pdf1.2a/b 的基础 mRNA 水平的一条起来规定种的作为强壮揭示的两倍猛烈 hsfB1/hsfB2b 植物的 Micorarray 分析。Pdf 表示被 jasmonic 酸处理或感染进一步与 necrotrophic 真菌 Alternaria brassicicola 提高。单个变异的 hsfB2b 和双变异的 hsfB1/B2b 显著地在 A 以后在疾病抵抗被改进。brassicicola 感染。为和 Pdf1.2 的倡导者的 Hsf 的一个直接相互作用没有指示,它缺乏完美的 HSE 一致 Hsf 有约束力的序列。然而,在形成变化近来 HsfA2 依赖的 HSE 绑定在 hsfB1/B2b 植物被检测。这建议 HsfB1/B2b 可以在调整热吃惊反应的用以遮闭之物与班 A-Hsf 交往。Pdf 基因的鉴定作为 Hsf 依赖的否定规定的目标是为在关於生命、不能生活的回答的规定的 Hsf 的互联的第一条证据。 | Mukesh Kumar Wolfgang Busch Hannah Birke Birgit Kemmerling Thorsten Nurnberger Friedrich Schoffl | 2009 | Molecular Plant2009，2，1： | 15 |
| 8 | Are there new approaches for diagnosis, therapy guidance and outcome prediction of sepsis?显示文摘Beside many efforts to improve outcome, sepsis is still one of the most frequent causes of death in critically ill patients. It is the most common condition with high mortality in intensive care units. The complexity of the septic syndrome comprises immunological aspects- i.e.,sepsis induced immunosuppression- but is not restricted to this fact in modern concepts. So far, exact mechanisms and variables determining outcome and mortality stay unclear. Since there is no typical risk profile, early diagnosis and risk stratification remain difficult, which hinders rapid and effective treatment initiation. Due to the heterogeneous nature of sepsis, potential therapy options should be adapted to the individual. Biomarkers like C-reactive protein and procalcitonin are routinely used as complementary tools in clinical decision-making. Beyond the acute phase proteins, a wide bunch of promising substances and non-laboratory tools with potential diagnostic and prognostic value is under intensive investigation. So far, clinical decision just based on biomarker assessment is not yet feasible. However, biomarkers should be considered as a complementary approach. | Dubravka Kojic Benedikt H Siegler Florian Uhle Christoph Lichtenstern Peter P Nawroth Markus A Weigand Stefan Hofer Thorsten Brenner | 2015 | World Journal of Experimental Medicine2015，5，2： | 14 |
| 9 | Assessing the USLE Crop and Management Factor C for Soil Erosion Modeling in a Large Mountainous Watershed in Central China显示文摘Due to the impoundment of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Dam in China fosters high land-use dynamics. Soil erosion is expected to increase dramatically. One of the key factors in soil erosion control is the vegetation cover and crop type. However, determining these factors adequately for the use in soil erosion modeling is very time-consuming especially for large mountainous areas, such as the Xiangxi (香溪) catchment in the Three Gorges area. In our study, the crop and management factor C was calculated using the fractional vegetation cover (CFVC) based on Landsat-TM images from 2005, 2006, and 2007 and on literature studies (CLIT). In 2007, the values of CFVC range between 0.001 and 0.98 in the Xiangxi catchment. The mean CFVC value is 0.05. CLIT values are distinctly higher, ranging from 0.08 to 0.46 with a mean value of 0.32 in the Xiangxi catchment. The mean potential soil loss amounts to 120.62 t/ha/a in the Xiangxi catchment when using CLIT for modeling. Based on CFVC, the predicted mean soil loss in the Xiangxi catchment is 11.50 t/ha/a. Therefore, CLIT appears to be more reliable than the C factor based on the fractional vegetation cover. | Sarah Schnbrodt Patrick Saumer Thorsten Behrens Christoph Seeber Thomas Scholten | 2010 | Journal of Earth Science2010，21，6： | 12 |
| 10 | 流动性过剩的测度方法研究显示文摘当前,流动性过剩问题成为中国经济乃至全球经济的一个重要特征,但是在查阅有关文献的同时,我们发现,对于流动性过剩的测度方法缺乏一定的研究。针对这种状况,欧洲中央银行的有关专家提出了四种测度流动性过剩的方法,分别是价格缺口法(price gap,或者称p*法)、真实货币缺口法(real money gap)、名义货币缺口法(nominal money gap)和货币过剩法(money overhang)。我们将这四种方法翻译出来,供大家了解和研究时使用。文章翻译自Thorsten Polleit和Dieter Gerdesmeier的《流动性过剩的测度方法》一文,个别部分进行了删节。 | Thorsten Polleit Dieter Gerdesmeier 赵春萍 董宁 | 2007 | 统计研究2007，24，9： | 10 |
| 11 | Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: What motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the Internet?显示文摘 | Thorsten Hennig-Thurau Kevin P. Gwinner Gianfranco Walsh Dwayne D. Gremler | 2004 | Journal of Interactive Marketing2004，，1： | 8 |
| 12 | Ascomycota has a faster evolutionary rate and higher species diversity than Basidiomycota显示文摘Differences in rates of nucleotide or amino acid substitutions among major groups of organisms are repeatedly found and well documented. A growing body of evidence suggests a link between the rate of neutral molecular change within populations and the evolution of species diversity. More than 98% of terrestrial fungi belong to the phyla Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. The former is considerably richer in number of species than the latter. We obtained DNA sequences of 21 protein-coding genes from the lichenized fungus Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca and used them together with sequences from GenBank for subsequent analyses. Three datasets were used to test rate discrepancies between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and that within Ascomycota: (i) 13 taxa including 105 protein-coding genes, (ii) nine taxa including 21 protein-coding genes, and (iii) nuclear LSU rDNA of 299 fungal species. Based on analyses of the 105 protein-coding genes and nuclear LSU rDNA datasets, we found that the evolutionary rate was higher in Ascomycota than in Basidiomycota. The differences in substitution rates between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were significant. Within Ascomycota, the species-rich Sordariomycetes has the fastest evolutionary rate, while Leotiomycetes has the slowest. Our results indicate that the main contribution to the higher substitution rates in Ascomycota does not come from mutualism, ecological conditions, sterility, metabolic rate or shorter generation time, but is possibly caused by the founder effect. This is another example of the correlation between species number and evolutionary rates, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the founder effect is responsible for accelerated substitution rates in diverse clades. | Lumbsch H. THORSTEN | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，10： | 8 |
| 13 | Finance and the sources of growth显示文摘 | Thorsten Beck Ross Levine Norman Loayza | 2000 | Journal of Financial Economics2000，，1： | 7 |
| 14 | The use of multiple novel tumor biomarkers for the detection of ovarian carcinoma in patients with a pelvic mass显示文摘 | Richard G. Moore Amy K. Brown M. Craig Miller Steven Skates W. Jeffrey Allard Thorsten Verch Margaret Steinhoff Geralyn Messerlian Paul DiSilvestro C.O. Granai Robert C. Bast | 2007 | Gynecologic Oncology2007，，2： | 7 |
| 15 | Multiple Redox and Non-Redox Interactions Define 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin as a Regulatory Hub in the Chloroplast显示文摘在植物,高度丰富的 2 半胱氨酸 peroxiredoxin (2-CysPrx ) 与叶绿体被联系并且在保护光合作用包含了。这个工作在叶绿体探讨 2-CysPrx 的多重相互作用,它取决于它的氧化还原作用状态。抄本合作规定分析显示出一个强壮的连接到 peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans isomerase Cyclophilin 20-3 (Cyp20-3 ) 和光合的仪器的另外的部件。在荧光回声精力转移的原物和 quantification 的合作表示(烦恼) 在 vivo 的效率与 Cyp20-3 以及 NADPH 依赖的 thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC ) 证实了 2-CysPrx 的蛋白质相互作用,当 thioredoxin x (Trxx ) 没形成能启用的建筑群时,烦恼。同样,变化在在 vitro 并且在 vivo 荧光灯地标记的 2-CysPrx 烦恼 2-CysPrx 的证明氧化还原作用依赖者动力学。Cyp20-3 到的增加一在里面有 2-CysPrx 的 vitro peroxidase 试金没穿上重要效果过氧化物减小。面对 NTRC,另外, Cyp20-3 的增加进一步没提高过氧化物减小。另外, 2-CysPrx 作为女伴工作了并且在热处理期间禁止了柠檬酸盐 synthase 的聚集。这项活动被 Cyp20-3 部分禁止。作为 decameric 2-CysPrx 的一个新相互作用搭挡, photosystem II 能在宪法以后在叶绿体分别以后并且在下拉试金被识别。在摘要,数据作为 thiol peroxidase 在它的角色以外与多样的函数在叶绿体作为氧化还原作用传感器,女伴,和管理者显示植物 2-CysPrx 的一个动态函数。 | Meenakumari Muthuramalingam Thorsten Seidel Miriam Laxa Susana M. Nunes de Miranda Florian Gartner Elke Stroher Andrea Kandlbinder Karl-Josef Dietz | 2009 | Molecular Plant2009，2，6： | 7 |
| 16 | Developmental pathways for shaping spike inflorescence architecture in barley and wheat显示文摘Grass species display a wide array of inflorescences ranging from highly branched compound/panicle inflorescences to unbranched spike inflorescences. The unbranched spike is a characteristic feature of the species of tribe Triticeae, including economically important crops,such as wheat and barley. In this review, we describe two important developmental genetic mechanisms regulating spike inflorescence architecture in barley and wheat.These include genetic regulation of(i) row-type pathway specific to Hordeum species and(ii) unbranched spike development in barley and wheat. For a comparative understanding, we describe the branched inflorescence phenotypes of rice and maize along with unbranched Triticeae inflorescences. In the end, we propose a simplified model describing a probable mechanism leading to unbranched spike formation in Triticeae species. | Ravi Koppolu Thorsten Schnurbusch | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2019，61，3： | 6 |
| 17 | Large eddy simulation of free-surface flows显示文摘This paper introduces and discusses numerical methods for free-surface flow simulations and applies a large eddy simulation(LES) based free-surface-resolved CFD method to a couple of flows of hydraulic engineering interest. The advantages, disadvantages and limitations of the various methods are discussed. The review prioritises interface capturing methods over interface tracking methods, as these have shown themselves to be more generally applicable to viscous flows of practical engineering interest, particularly when complex and rapidly changing surface topologies are encountered. Then, a LES solver that employs the level set method to capture free-surface deformation in 3-D flows is presented, as are results from two example calculations that concern complex low submergence turbulent flows over idealised roughness elements and bluff bodies. The results show that the method is capable of predicting very complex flows that are characterised by strong interactions between the bulk flow and the free-surface, and permits the identification of turbulent events and structures that would be very difficult to measure experimentally. | Richard J.McSherry Ken V.Chua Thorsten Stoesser | 2017 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2017，29，1： | 6 |
| 18 | Reaching out: Access to and use of banking services across countries显示文摘 | Thorsten Beck Asli Demirguc-Kunt Maria Soledad Martinez Peria | 2007 | Journal of Financial Economics2007，，1： | 6 |
| 19 | Levothyroxine therapy and impaired clearance are the strongest contributors to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: Results of a retrospective cohort study显示文摘AIM To identify a set of contributors, and weight and rank them on a pathophysiological basis.METHODS Patients who have undergone a lactulose or glucose hydrogen breath test to rule out small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO) for various clinical symptoms, including diarrhoea, weight loss, abdominal pain, cramping or bloating, were seen as eligible for inclusion in a retrospective single-centre study. Clinical data such as co-morbidities, medication, laboratory parameters and other possible risk factors have been identified from the electronic data system. Cases lacking or with substantially incomplete clinical data were excluded from the analysis. Suspected contributors were summarised under four different pathophysiological pathways(impaired gastric acid barrier, impaired intestinal clearance, immunosuppression and miscellaneous factors including thyroid gland variables) and investigated using the χ2 test, Student's t-test and logistic regression models.RESULTS A total of 1809 patients who had undergone hydrogen breath testing were analysed. Impairment of the gastric acid barrier(gastrectomy, odds ratio: OR = 3.5, PPI therapy OR = 1.4), impairment of intestinal clearance(any resecting gastric surgery OR = 2.6, any colonicresection OR = 1.9, stenosis OR = 3.4, gastroparesis OR = 3.4, neuropathy 2.2), immunological factors(any drug-induced immunosuppression OR = 1.8), altered thyroid gland metabolism(hypothyroidism OR = 2.6, levothyroxine therapy OR = 3.0) and diabetes mellitus(OR = 1.9) were associated significantly to SIBO. Any abdominal surgery, ileocecal resection, vagotomy or Ig A-deficiency did not have any influence, and a history of appendectomy decreased the risk of SIBO. Multivariate analysis revealed gastric surgery, stenoses, medical immunosuppression and levothyroxine to be the strongest predictors. Levothyroxine therapy was the strongest contributor in a simplified model(OR = 3.0).CONCLUSION The most important contributors for the development of SIBO in ascending order are immunosuppression, impairment of intestinal clearance and levothyroxine use, but they do not sufficiently explain its emergence. | Thorsten Brechmann Andre Sperlbaum Wolff Schmiegel | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，5： | 6 |
| 20 | A New,Well-Preserved Species of Glaresidae (Coleoptera:Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota of China显示文摘Glaresis orthochilus sp.nov.(Scarabaeoidea:Glaresidae),the best preserved glaresid fossil,is described and illustrated from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning province,north-east China.Glaresidae, the sister group of all extant Scarabaeoidea was established in the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous and contained larger species than those found today. | BAI Ming Frank Thorsten KRELL REN Dong YANG Xingke | 2010 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2010，84，4： | 5 |
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