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| 1 | Advances in research on the deep South China Sea circulation显示文摘Deep sea circulation is important for world climate and has been a substantial research area in ocean science, leading to various breakthroughs and discoveries. With the rapid advance in research on ocean science, these matters have received increasing attention from the oceanography community. In this article, we attempt to convey the progress made in recent years. We first provide an overview of existing observations, theories, and simulations of deep South China Sea circulation. Finally, we discuss remaining issues. | TIAN JiWei QU TangDong | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，24： | 17 |
| 2 | Observation of internal tides and near-inertial motions in the upper 450 m layer of the northern South China Sea显示文摘Mooring ADCP current observations from Au- gust to November are used to study the barotropic tides, baroclinic tides and near-inertial motions in the upper 450 m layer of the northern South China Sea. The barotropic and baroclinic tides at the mooring station are all dominated by M2, K1, O1, P1, with the barotropic amplitudes being 7.8 cm·s?1, 7.0 cm·s?1, 5.4 cm·s?1 and 3.5 cm·s?1 respectively. The amplitudes of M2, K1, O1, P1 internal tides vary greatly, which are 12―15 cm·s?1 in the thermocline, and then decrease with increasing depth. The amplitude of the barotropic near-iner- tial motions is less than 1 cm·s?1, contributing little to the barotropic currents. However, that of the baroclinic near- inertial motions can be as large as 5 cm·s?1. The inclination of tidal ellipse tends to increase with increasing depth, implying upward propagation of energy, while that of the near-inertial ellipse tends to decrease with increasing depth, implying downward propagation of energy. | LIANG Xinfeng ZHANG Xiaoqian TIAN Jiwei | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，24： | 14 |
| 3 | Mooring observations of internal solitary waves in the deep basin west of Luzon Strait显示文摘A total of 137 internal solitary waves(ISWs) are captured during a field experiment conducted in the deep basin west of the Luzon Strait(LS) from March to August, 2010. Mooring observations reveal that a fully developed ISW owns a maximum westward velocity of more than 1.8 m/s and an amplitude of about 200 m. The ISWs in the South China Sea(SCS) are most active in July, which may be due to the strong stratification in summer. Most of the ISW episodes are detected around and after the 1st or 15th lunar day, indicating that the ISW in the SCS is triggered by astronomic tides. Half part of the observed ISWs were detected around 19:00 local time, which can be explained by the fact that type-a ISWs emerged in the evening at roughly the same time each day. The propagation direction of the ISWs and the astronomic tides in the LS show that the area south of the Batan Island is probably the main source region of the type-a ISWs, while the area south of Itbayat Island and south of the Batan Island is likely the main source region of the type-b ISWs observed at the mooring. Moreover, for the resonance of semidiurnal internal tides emitting from the double ridges in the LS, the underwater ridge south of the Itbayat Island and south of the Batan Island is believed to favor the generation of the energetic ISWs. | HUANG Xiaodong ZHAO Wei TIAN Jiwei YANG Qingxuan | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，3： | 13 |
| 4 | Estimation of eddy heat transport in the global ocean from Argo data显示文摘The Argo data are used to calculate eddy(turbulence)heat transport(EHT)in the global ocean and analyze its horizontal distribution and vertical structure.We calculate the EHT by averaging all the v′,T′profiles within each 2×2 bin.The velocity and temperature anomalies are obtained by removing their climatological values from the Argo'instantaneous'values respectively.Through the Student’s t-test and an error evaluation,we obtained a total of 87%Argo bins with significant depth-integrated EHTs(D-EHTs).The results reveal a positive-and-negative alternating D-EHT pattern along the western boundary currents(WBC)and Antarctic Circumpolar Current(ACC).The zonally-integrated D-EHT(ZI-EHT)of the global ocean reaches 0.12 PW in the northern WBC band and–0.38 PW in the ACC band respectively.The strong ZI-EHT across the ACC in the global ocean is mainly caused by the southern Indian Ocean.The ZI-EHT in the above two bands accounts for a large portion of the total oceanic heat transport,which may play an important role in regulating the climate.The analysis of vertical structures of the EHT along the 35 N and45 S section reveals that the oscillating EHT pattern can reach deep in the northern WBC regions and the Agulhas Return Current(ARC)region.It also shows that the strong EHT could reach 600 m in the WBC regions and 1 000 m in the ARC region,with the maximum mainly located between 100 and 400 m depth.The results would provide useful information for improving the parameterization scheme in models. | ZHANG Zhiwei ZHONG Yisen TIAN Jiwei YANG Qingxuan ZHAO Wei | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，1： | 10 |
| 5 | Estimation of eddy viscosity on the South China Sea shelf with adjoint assimilation method显示文摘The eddy viscosity of the ocean is an important parameter indicating the small-scale mixing process in the oceanic interior water column. Ekman wind-driven current model and adjoint assimilation technique are used to calculate the vertical profiles of eddy viscosity by fitting model results to the observation data. The data used in the paper include observed wind data and ADCP data obtained at Wenchang Oil Rig on the SCS (the South China Sea) shelf in August 2002. Different simulations under different wind conditions are analyzed to explore how the eddy viscosity develops with varying wind field. The results show that the eddy viscosity endured gradual variations in the range of 10-3 -10-2 m 2 /s during the periods of wind changes. The mean eddy viscosity undergoing strong wind could rise by about 25% as compared to the value under weak wind. | ZHANG Yanwei TIAN Jiwei XIE Lingling | 2009 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2009，28，5： | 4 |
| 6 | Sea Experiments of the Underway Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Prototype Made in China显示文摘A new instrument for upper ocean survey, namely the UCTD (Underway Conductivity-Temperature-Depth), which combines some of the advantages of other underway instruments, is introduced in this paper. The Introduction section presents a description of the construction and function of the UCTD, and the experiments conducted in the South China Sea on board the R/V Dong Fang Hong 2 in July 2007 and August 2008. The UCTD system, with pressure and temperature sensors in the probe, is con- veniently portable, cost-effective and environment-friendly. It is hopefully suitable for future cruises. An intercomparison based on regressing with the experiment temperature data from both SeaBird plus911 CTD and the UCTD showed that the standard deviation is 0.88℃ and the correlation coefficient is 0.96, achieving the goals set for the current oceanography uses. In the hydrodynamic experiments, the descending velocities and depths were calculated for different ship speeds. A pulling test was designed with a tensiometer to measure the magnitude of the pull. The maximal tension of the line was found to be 66.2 kg, which is far lower than the bearing limit of the Hollow Spectra line. Finally, some improvement suggestions are put forward for future experiments and production. | SONG Xiangzhou LI Hui LIN Xiaopei CHEN Xueen GUO Xinshun TIAN Jiwei | 2009 | Journal of Ocean University of China2009，8，4： | 4 |
| 7 | Impact of eddies on ocean diapycnal mixing in Gulf Stream region显示文摘Based on high-resolution,Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography(Argo)profiles and Sea Level Anomaly(SLA)data,this study statistically analyzes and compares turbulent diapycnal mixing profiles inside and outside mesoscale eddies in the Gulf Stream region.The result indicates that average diapycnal diffusivity at 300–540 m depths in anticyclonic eddies reaches4.0×10-5 m2 s-1.This is significantly higher than the 1.6×10-5 m2 s-1 outside eddies and 0.8×10-5 m2 s-1 in cyclonic eddies.Probabilities of diapycnal diffusivity greater than 10-4 m2 s-1 within anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies and outside eddies are29%,5%and 12%,respectively.However,magnitudes of average diapycnal diffusivity at 540–900 m depths in these three cases are of the same order,10-5 m2 s-1.Twenty-four of a total 38 anticyclonic eddies had enhanced mixing in the ocean interior,and 22 were observed during or shortly after strong winds.The coincidence between enhanced mixing and strong wind stress indicates that more wind-induced,near-inertial wave energy propagates downward in anticyclonic eddies.The deeper part of 12 profiles(below 540 m)in anticyclonic eddies had vertical overturns with Thorpe scale exceeding 5 m,among which three profiles had overturns reaching 20 m.Enhanced mixing may have occurred in deep layers of some profiles,although it was not evident in average conditions. | LI Min XIE LingLing YANG QingXuan TIAN JiWei | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，6： | 4 |
| 8 | Evolution and breaking of a propagating internal wave in stratified ocean显示文摘The evolution and breaking of a propagating internal wave are directly numerically simulated using a pseudo-spectral method. The mechanism of PSI (parametric subharmonic instability) involved in the evolution is testified clearly. It dominates gradually in nonlinear resonant interactions. As a consequence,the energy cascades to a second plant wave packet which has lower frequencies and higher wavenumbers than that of the primary wave. With the growth of this wave packet,wave breaking occurs and causes strongly nonlinear regime,i.e. stratified turbulence. The strong mixing and intermittent of the turbulence can be learned from the evolution of the total energy and kurtosis of vorticity vs. time. Some statistic properties of the stratified turbulence are also analyzed,including the spectra of KE (kinetic energy) and PE (potential energy). The results show that the PE spectra display a wavenumber range scaling as 0.2 N4k-3y (N is the Brunt-Visl frequency,ky is the vertical wavenumber),which is called buoyancy sub-range. However,the KE spectra cannot satisfy the negative cubic law of vertical wavenumber,which have a much larger downtrend than that of the PE spectra,for the potential energy is transferred more efficiently toward small scales than the kinetic energy. The Cox number of diapycnal diffusivity is also calculated,and it shows a good consistency with the observations and deductions in the ocean interior,during the stage of the stratified turbulence maintaining a fairly active level. | LI Bingrui FAN Haimei TIAN Jiwei SUN Bo ZHANG Zhanhai | 2008 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2008，27，1： | 3 |
| 9 | Shoaling of the internal solitary waves over the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea显示文摘The activities of internal solitary waves(ISWs) over the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea(SCS)are of high complexity. In this study, we investigated the spatial-temporal characteristics of the shoaling ISWs over the northern SCS continental shelf using the satellite images and the results of numerical simulation. The examination of the ISW signals in the satellite optical images revealed the existence of three types of ISWs in the region north to the Dongsha Island, namely, mode-1 depression ISW, mode-1 elevation ISW, and mode-2 convex ISW. The geographical distributions of these ISWs were derived from the satellite images. Numerical results exhibited the process of polarity conversion of ISWs, by which mode-1 elevation waves were transformed from the shoaling mode-1 depression waves. The mode-2 convex ISWs generally followed the mode-1 depression ISWs.The numerical results suggested that the interaction of the mode-1 depression ISWs with the up-slope topography locally generated mode-2 ISWs, and such waves of high vertical mode dissipated rapidly during the inshore propagation. | QIAN Hongbao HUANG Xiaodong TIAN Jiwei ZHAO Wei | 2015 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2015，34，9： | 3 |
| 10 | Examination of wind-wave interaction source term in WAVEWATCH Ⅲ with tropical cyclone wind forcing显示文摘Results of drag coefficient(CD) from field observations and laboratory wave tank experiments indicate that the operational wave model can overestimate wind energy input under high wind conditions. The wind-wave interaction source term in WAVEWATCH Ⅲ has been modified to examine its behavior with tropical cyclone wind forcing. Using high resolution wind input,numerical experiments under idealized wind field and tropical cyclone Bonnie(1998) were designed to evaluate performance of the modified models. Both experiments indicate that the modified models with reduced CD significantly decrease wind energy input into the wave model and then simulate lower significant wave height(SWH) than the original model. However,the effects on spatial distribution of SWH,mean wavelength,mean wave direction,and directional wave spectra are insignificant. Due to the reduced wind energy input,the idealized experiment shows that the modified models simulate lower SWH than the original model in all four quadrants. The decrease in the front quadrants is significantly larger than that in the rear quadrants;it is larger under higher winds than lower winds. The realistic experiment on tropical cyclone Bonnie shows that the modified model with the various downward trends of CD in high winds creates a simulation that agrees best with scanning radar altimeter observations. | ZHAO Wei GUAN Shoude HONG Xin LI Peiliang TIAN Jiwei | 2011 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2011，30，4： | 2 |
| 11 | Observation of Near-Inertial Internal Waves on the Continental Slope in the Northwestern South China Sea显示文摘Based on nearly 3 months of moored acoustic Doppler current profiler records on the continental slope in the northwestern South China Sea(SCS) in 2006,this study examines temporal and vertical characteristics of near-inertial internal waves(NIW).Rotary frequency spectrum indicates that motions in the near-inertial frequency are strongly polarized,with clockwise(CW) energy exceeding counterclockwise(CCW) by about a factor of 10.Wavelet analysis exhibits an energy peak exceeding the 95% confidence level at the frequency of local inertial during the passage of typhoon Xangsane(24 September to 4 October).This elevated near-inertial kinetic energy(NIKE) event possesses about a 4 days delay correlation with the time integral of energy flux induced by typhoon,indicating an energy source of wind.Further analysis shows that the upward phase velocity of this event is 3.8 m h^(-1)approximately,corresponding to a vertical wavelength of about 125 m if not taking the redshift of local inertial frequency into account.Rotary vertical wavenumber spectrum exhibits the dominance of clockwise-with-depth energy,indicating downward energy propagation and implying a surface energy source.Dynamical modes suggest that mode 1 plays a dominant role at the growth stage of NIW,whereas major contribution is from higher modes during the penetration of NIKE into the ocean interior. | ZHENG Jie TIAN Jiwei LIANG Hui | 2017 | Journal of Ocean University of China2017，16，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Positive solutions of m-point boundary value problems for higher order ordinary differential equations显示文摘 | Guo Yanping and Tian Jiwei | 2007 | Nonlinear Analysis2007，66，： | 1 |
| 13 | A data analysis study on the evolution of the El Ni?o/ La Ni?a cycle显示文摘 | Chao Jiping Yuan Shaoyu Chao Qingchen Tian Jiwei | 2002 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2002，，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Transcriptome analysis reveals dynamic changes in the salt stress response in Salix显示文摘Soil salinization is a serious ecological problem worldwide and information regarding the salt tolerance mechanisms of Salix is scarce.To elucidate the dynamic changes in the molecular mechanisms of Salix under salt stress,we generated gene expression profiles and examined changes in the expression of those genes.RNA-Seq was used to produce six cDNA libraries constructed from the leaves of Salix ×jiangsuensis CL‘J2345’treated with NaCl for 0,2,6,12,24 and 48 h.In total,249 million clean reads were assembled into 12,739 unigenes,all of which were clustered into 10 profiles based on their temporal expression patterns.KEGG analysis revealed that as an early defense response,the biosynthesis pathways of cutin,suberin and wax,which are involved in cell wall structure,were activated beginning at 2 h.The expression of secondary metabolism genes,including those involved in the phenylpropanoid,flavonoid,stilbenoid,diarylheptanoid and gingerol pathways,peaked at 6 h and 24 h;the upregulated genes were mainly involved in plant hormone pathways and beta-alanine,galactose and betalain metabolism.We identified roles of key phytohormones and found ETH to be the major signaling molecule activating TFs at 12 h;ETH,ABA,IAA and SA were the key molecules at 24 h.Moreover,we found that the upregulated genes were associated with elevated levels of amino acids,sucrose,inositol,stress proteins and ROS-scavenging enzymes,contributing to the maintenance of water balance.This research constitutes the first detailed analysis of salt stress-related mechanisms in Salix and identifies potential targets for genetic manipulation to improve yields. | Jie Zhou Jing Huang Xueyao Tian Jiwei Zheng Xudong He | 2020 | Journal of Forestry Research2020，31，5： | 1 |
| 15 | A me- soscale eddy pair southwest of Taiwan and its influence on deep circulation 显示文摘 | ZHANG Zhiwei ZHAO Wei TIAN Jiwei | 2013 | Journal of Geophysical Re- search2013，118，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Observations of turbulence on the shelf and slope of northern South China Sea显示文摘 | Qingxuan Yang Jiwei Tian Wei Zhao Xinfeng Liang Lei Zhou | 2014 | Deep-Sea Research Part I2014，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Enhanced Diapycnal Mixing in the South China Sea显示文摘 | Tian Jiwei Yang Qingxuan Zhao Wei | 2009 | Journal of Physical Oceanography2009，，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Preliminary studies on the temperature inversion in the tropical oceans显示文摘 | Li Bingrui Tian Jiwei Liu Zhiliang | 2005 | Progress in Natural Science2005，，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Positive solutions of m-point boundary value problems for higher order ordinary differential equations显示文摘 | Guo Yanping and Tian Jiwei | 2007 | Nonlinear Analysis2007，66，： | 1 |
| 20 | Enhanced diapycnal mixing in the South China Sea显示文摘 | Tian Jiwei Yang Qingxuan Zhao Wei | 2009 | J Phys Oceanogr2009，39，12： | 1 |
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