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| 1 | Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c virus in migratory birds,2014–2015显示文摘A novel Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortant virus caused several outbreaks in wild birds in some regions of China from late 2014 to 2015.Based on the genetic and phylogenetic analyses,the viruses possess a stable gene constellation with a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA,a H9N2-derived PB2 gene and the other six genes of Asian H5N1-origin.The Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortants displayed a high genetic relationship to a human H5N1 strain(A/Alberta/01/2014).Further analysis showed that similar viruses have been circulating in wild birds in China,Russia,Dubai(Western Asia),Bulgaria and Romania(Europe),as well as domestic poultry in some regions of Africa.The affected areas include the Central Asian,East Asian-Australasian,West Asian-East African,and Black Sea/Mediterranean flyways.These results show that the novel Clade 2.3.2.1c reassortant viruses are circulating worldwide and may have gained a selective advantage in migratory birds,thus posing a serious threat to wild birds and potentially humans. | Yuhai Bi Jianjun Chen Zhenjie Zhang Mingxin Li Tianlong Cai Kirill Sharshov Ivan Susloparov Alexander Shestopalov Gary Wong Yubang He Zhi Xing Jianqing Sun Di Liu Yingxia Liu Lei Liu Wenjun Liu Fumin Lei Weifeng Shi George F. Gao | 2016 | Virologica Sinica2016，31，4： | 5 |
| 2 | Integrative taxonomy of the Russet Bush Warbler Locustella mandelli complex reveals a new species from central China显示文摘Background: The Russet Bush Warbler Locustella(previously Bradypterus) mandelli complex occurs in mountains in the eastern Himalayas, southern China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The taxonomy has been debated,with one(L. seebohmi) to four(L. seebohmi, L. mandelli, L. montis and L. timorensis) species having been recognised.Methods: We used an integrative approach, incorporating analyses of morphology, vocalizations and a molecular marker, to re-evaluate species limits in the L. mandelli complex.Results: We found that central Chinese L. mandelli differed from those from India through northern Southeast Asia to southeast China in plumage, morphometrics and song. All were easily classified by song, and(wing + culmen)/tail ratio overlapped only marginally. Both groups were reciprocally monophyletic in a mitochondrial cytochrome b(cytb) gene tree, with a mean divergence of 1.0 ± 0.2%. They were sympatric and mostly altitudinally segregated in the breeding season in southern Sichuan province. We found that the Mt Victoria(western Myanmar) population differed vocally from other L. mandelli, but no specimens are available. Taiwan Bush Warbler L. alishanensis was sister to the L. mandelli complex, with the most divergent song. Plumage, vocal and cytb evidence supported the distinctness of the south Vietnamese L. mandelli idonea. The Timor Bush Warbler L. timorensis, Javan Bush Warbler L.montis and Benguet Bush Warbler L. seebohmi differed distinctly in plumage, but among-population song variation in L. montis exceeded the differences between some populations of these taxa, and mean pairwise cytb divergences were only 0.5–0.9%. We also found that some L. montis populations differed morphologically.Conclusions: We conclude that the central Chinese population of Russet Bush Warbler represents a new species,which we describe herein, breeding at mid elevations in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou provinces.The taxonomic status of the other allopatric populations is less clear. However, as they differ to a degree comparable with that of the sympatric L. mandelli and the new species, we elevate L. idonea to species status, and retain L. seebohmi and L. montis as separate species, the latter with timorensis as a subspecies. Further research should focus on different populations of L. montis and the Mt Victoria population of L. mandelli. | Per Alstrom Canwei Xia Pamela C Rasmussen Urban Olsson Bo Dai Jian Zhao Paul J Leader Geoff J Carey Lu Dong Tianlong Cai Paul I Holt Hung Le Manh Gang Song Yang Liu Yanyun Zhang Fumin Lei | 2015 | Chinese Birds2015，，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Integrative taxonomy of the Plain-backed Thrush(Zoothera mollissima)complex(Aves,Turdidae)reveals cryptic species,including a new species显示文摘Background: The Plain-backed Thrush Zoothera mollissima breeds in the Himalayas and mountains of central China. It was long considered conspecific with the Long-tailed Thrush Zoothera dixoni, until these were shown to be broadly sympatric.Methods: We revise the Z. mollissima–Z. dixoni complex by integrating morphological, acoustic, genetic(two mitochondrial and two nuclear markers), ecological and distributional datasets.Results: In earlier field observations, we noted two very different song types of 'Plain-backed' Thrush segregated by breeding habitat and elevation. Further integrative analyses congruently identify three groups: an alpine breeder in the Himalayas and Sichuan, China('Alpine Thrush'); a forest breeder in the eastern Himalayas and northwest Yunnan(at least), China('Himalayan Forest Thrush'); and a forest breeder in central Sichuan('Sichuan Forest Thrush'). Alpine and Himalayan Forest Thrushes are broadly sympatric, but segregated by habitat and altitude, and the same is probably true also for Alpine and Sichuan Forest Thrushes. These three groups differ markedly in morphology and songs. In addition, DNA sequence data from three non-breeding specimens from Yunnan indicate that yet another lineage exists('Yunnan Thrush'). However, we find no consistent morphological differences from Alpine Thrush, and its breeding range is unknown. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that all four groups diverged at least a few million years ago, and identify Alpine Thrush and the putative 'Yunnan Thrush' as sisters, and the two forest taxa as sisters. Cytochrome b divergences among the four Z. mollissima sensu lato(s.l.) clades are similar to those between any of them and Z. dixoni, and exceed that between the two congeneric outgroup species. We lectotypify the name Oreocincla rostrata Hodgson, 1845 with the Z. mollissima sensu stricto(s.s.) specimen long considered its type. No available name unambiguously pertains to the Himalayan Forest Thrush.Conclusions: The Plain-backed Thrush Z. mollissima s.l. comprises at least three species: Alpine Thrush Z. mollissima s.s., with a widespread alpine breeding distribution; Sichuan Forest Thrush Z. griseiceps, breeding in central Sichuan forests; and Himalayan Forest Thrush, breeding in the eastern Himalayas and northwest Yunnan(at least), which is described herein as a new species. 'Yunnan Thrush' requires further study. | Per Alstrom Pamela C.Rasmussen Chao Zhao Jingzi Xu Shashank Dalvi Tianlong Cai Yuyan Guan Ruiying Zhang Mikhail V.Kalyakin Fumin Lei Urban Olsson | 2016 | Chinese Birds2016，，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Timed Petri-Net based formulation and an algorithm for the optimal scheduling of batch plants显示文摘 | GU Tianlong BAHRI P A CAI Guoyong | 2003 | Journal of Application Mathematic and Computer Science2003，13，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Microstructured capacitive sensor with broad detection range and long-term stability for human activity detection显示文摘In recent years,flexible stress sensors capable of monitoring diverse body movements and physiological signals have been attracting great attention in the fields of healthcare systems,human–machine interfaces,and wearable electronics.Inspired by the structure of natural eggshell inner membrane(ESIM),we developed a pressure sensor based on MXene(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))/Ag NWs(silver nanowires)composite electrodes and the micro-structured dielectric layer to meet the application requirements of wide detection range and long-term stability for the sensors.In the light of the nanoscale-microarray of the dielectric layer and the rough surface of electrode materials,this pressure sensor is expected to allow great and persistent deformation during the loading process.As a result,the device is characterized by an improved sensitivity,fast response(in the millisecond range),wide detection range(0–600 kPa),and long-term stability.The outstanding performance of the proposed sensor makes it possible to detect various human activities,such as speaking,air blowing,clenching,walking,finger/knee/elbow bending,and striking,demonstrating its good application prospects in wearable and flexible electronic devices. | Xin He Zhihao Liu Gengzhe Shen Xiang He Jionghong Liang Yu Zhong Tianlong Liang Jie He Yue Xin Chi Zhang Dongdong Ye Guofa Cai | 2021 | npj Flexible Electronics2021，5，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Ecological and evolutionary constraints on regional avifauna of passerines in China显示文摘Strong correlations between species diversity and climate have been widely observed,but the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear.Here,we explored the causes of the richness-climate relationships among passerine birds in China by integrating tropical conservatism and diversification rate hypotheses using path models.We found that assemblages with higher species richness southwest of the Salween-Mekong-Pearl River Divide are phylogenetically overdispersed and have shorter mean root distances(MRDs),while species-rich regions northeast of this divide(e.g.,north Hengduan Mountains-south Qinling Mountains)are phylogenetically clustered and have longer MRDs.The results of the path analyses showed that the direct effect of climatic factors on species richness was stronger than their indirect effects on species richness via phylogenetic relatedness,indicating that neither tropical conservatism nor diversification rate hypotheses can well explain the richness-climate relationship among passerines in China.However,when path analyses were conducted within subregions separately,we found that the tropical conservatism hypothesis was well supported in the southwestern Salween-Mekong-Pearl River Divide,while the diversification rate hypothesis could explain the richness-climate relationship well in the northeastern divide.We conclude that the diversity patterns of passerines in different subregions of the Eastern Himalayas-Mountains of Southwest China may be shaped by different evolutionary processes related to geological and climatic histories,which explains why the tropical conservatism or diversification rate hypothesis alone cannot fully explain the richness-climate relationships. | Tianlong Cai Qing Quan Gang Song Yongjie Wu Zhixin Wen Chunlan Zhang Yanhua Qu Gexia Qiao Fumin Lei | 2021 | Current Zoology2021，67，4： | 0 |
| 7 | Bergmann’s rule and Allen’s rule in two passerine birds in China显示文摘Background:Animals that live at higher latitudes/elevations would have a larger body size(Bergmann’s rule)and a smaller appendage size(Allen’s rule)for thermoregulatory reasons.According to the heat conservation hypoth-esis,large body size and small appendage size help animals retain heat in the cold,while small body size and large appendage size help them dissipate heat in the warm.For animals living in seasonal climates,the need for conserving heat in the winter may tradeoff with the need for dissipating heat in the summer.In this study,we tested Bergmann’s rule and Allen’s rule in two widely-distributed passerine birds,the Oriental Magpie(Pica serica)and the Oriental Tit(Parus minor),across geographic and climatic gradients in China.Methods:We measured body size(body mass and wing length)and appendage size(bill length and tarsus length)of 165 Oriental Magpie and 410 Oriental Tit individuals collected from Chinese mainland.We used linear mixed-effect models to assess variation patterns of body size and appendage size along geographic and climatic gradients.Results:Oriental Magpies have a larger appendage size and Oriental Tits have a smaller body size in warmer environ-ments.Appendage size in Oriental Magpies and body size in Oriental Tits of both sexes were more closely related to the climates in winter than in summer.Minimum temperature of coldest month is the most important factor related to bill length and tarsus length of male Oriental Magpies,and wing length of male and female Oriental Tits.Bill length and tarsus length in female Oriental Magpies were related to the annual mean temperature and mean temperature of coldest quarter,respectively.Conclusions:In this study,Oriental Magpies and Oriental Tits followed Allen’s rule and Bergmann’rule respectively.Temperatures in the winter,rather than temperatures in the summer,drove morphological measurements in Oriental Magpies and Oriental Tits in Chinese mainland,demonstrating that the morphological measurements reflect selec-tion for heat conservation rather than for heat dissipation. | Liqing Fan Tianlong Cai Ying Xiong Gang Song Fumin Lei | 2019 | Avian Research2019，10，4： | 0 |
| 8 | Abstract Model Checking for Web Services显示文摘Web-services are highly distributed programs, and concurrent software is notoriously error-prone. Model checking is a powerful technique to find bugs in concurrent systems. However, the existing model checkers have no enough ability to support for the programming languages and communication mechanisms used for Web services. We propose to use Kripke structures as means of modeling Web service. This paper presents an automated way to extract formal models from programs implementing Web services using predicate abstraction for abstract model checking. The ab-stract models are checked by means of a model checker that im-plements automatic abstraction refinement. These results enable the verification of the applications that implement Web services. | QIAN Junyan CAI Guoyong GU Tianlong ZHAO Lingzhong | 2008 | Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences2008，13，4： | 0 |
| 9 | Ecological constraints on elevational gradients of bird species richness in Tajikistan显示文摘The avifauna in Tajikistan has been widely studied for the last century,but specific work on species richness pattern along elevation gradients in Tajikistan is rarely investigated.Here,we reported the first study of bird species richness(BSR)in the high-altitude mountain systems(Tien Shan and Pamir-Alay)of Tajikistan which are very sensitive to the recent climate changes.We aim to explore the relationship of BSR pattern with elevation gradient and to determine the potential drivers underlying the patterns.We collected occurrence data from field surveys,published articles,and open access websites to compile a list of bird species along elevational gradients across the whole country.The BSR was counted by 100 m elevational bands ranging from 294 m to 5146 m.The patterns of BSR were calculated separately for five groups:all breeding birds,Passeriformes,Non-Passeriformes,large elevational range species,and small elevational range species.We calculated ecological and climatic factors of planimetric area,mid-domain effect(MDE),habitat heterogeneity(HH),mean annual temperature(MAT),temperature annual range(TAR),annual precipitation(AP),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),human influence index(HII),and human disturbance(HD)in each elevational band.A combination of polynomial regression,Pearson’s correlation,and general least squares model analyses were used to test the effects of these factors on the BSR.A unimodal distribution pattern with a peak at 750-1950 m was observed for all breeding birds.The similar pattern was explored for Passeriformes and Non-Passeriformes,while species with different elevational range sizes had different shapes and peak elevations.For all the breeding birds and Passeriformes,BSR was significantly related to spatial,climate and human influence factors,while BSR of Non-Passeriformes positively correlated with all the given factors.First,second and fourth range classes of birds were significantly correlated with human influence factors.Moreover,large-ranged species had positive correlations with the middomain effect and weakly with habitat heterogeneity.We found that area,MAT and AP were the main factors to explain the richness pattern of birds,and the species richness increases with these three factors increasing.Multiple factors such as area and climate explain 84%of the variation in richness.Bivariate and multiple regression analyses revealed a consistent influence of spatial and climate factors in shaping the richness pattern for nearly all bird groups. | Dilshod Akhrorov Tianlong Cai Gang Song Ping Fan Ahunim Fenitie Abebe Peng He Fumin Lei | 2022 | Avian Research2022，13，2： | 0 |
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