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| 1 | Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”显示文摘Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S.aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure. | Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，3： | 19 |
| 2 | Toxic effect of nic-kel in an in vitro model of human oral epithelium显示文摘 | Trombetta D Mondello MR Cimino F | 2005 | Toxicol Lett2005，159，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes显示文摘 | Trombetta D Castelli F Sarpietro M G | 2005 | Antimicrob Agents Chemother2005，49，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Toxic effect of nickel in an in vitro model of human oral epithelium 显示文摘 | Trombetta D Mondello M R Cimino F | 2005 | Toxicology Letters2005，159，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Tracing past human male movements in northern/eastern Africa and western Eurasia: new clues from Y-chromosomal haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12 显示文摘 | Cruciani F La Fratta R Trombetta B | 2007 | Mol Biol Evol2007，24，： | 1 |
| 6 | Radicalscavenging capacity of several Italian red wines显示文摘 | Cimino F Sulfaro V Trombetta D | 2007 | Food Chemistry2007，103，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes显示文摘 | TROMBETTA D CASTELLI F SARPIETRO M G | 2005 | Antimicrob Agents And Chemother2005，49，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Characterization and composition of commercial TiO2-V2O5 -WO3 SCR catalysts显示文摘 | ALEMANY L J BERTI F BUSCA G RAMIS G ROBBA D TOLEDO G P TROMBETTA M | 1996 | Appl Catal B1996，10，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Toxic effect of nickel in an in vitro model of human oral epithelium 显示文摘 | Trombetta D Mondello MR Cimino F | 2005 | Toxicol Lett2005，159，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Toxic effect of nickel in an in vitro model of human oral epithelium显示文摘 | Trombetta D Mondel o MR Cimino F | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 11 | Toxic effect of nickel in an in vitro model of human oral epithelium显示文摘 | Trombetta D Mondello MR Cimino F | 2005 | Toxicol Lett2005，159，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Bovine conjunctival epithelial cells as a model for ocular toxicity assessment in vitro显示文摘 | Paladtno GM Civiale C Marino C Trombetta F Pulvirenti T | 2001 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci2001，42，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Antiallergic and antihistaminic effect of two extracts of Capparis spinosa L flowering buds显示文摘 | Occhiuto F Perri D | 2005 | Phytother Res2005，19，： | 1 |
| 14 | Characterization and composition of commercial V2O5 -WO3 -TiO2 SCR catalysts显示文摘 | ALEMANY L J BERTI F BUSCA G RAMIS G ROBBA D TOLEDO G P TROMBETTA M | 1996 | Appl Catal B: Environ1996，10，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Optimization of gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis for fatty acids in hydrogenated castor oil obtained by catalytic transfer hydrogenation显示文摘 | Cassia de Souza Schneider R Baldissarelli V Z Trombetta F | 2004 | Analytica Chimica Acta2004，505，： | 1 |
| 16 | Communication Climate,Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment显示文摘 | ROGERS D TROMBETTA F | 1988 | Management Communication Quarterly1988，1，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Radicalscaveng- ing capacity of several Italian red wines 显示文摘 | Cimino F Sulfaro V Trombetta D | 2007 | Food Chem2007，103，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Transloeation t ( 7 ; 19 ) ( q22 ; q13 ) - a recur- rent chromosome aberration in pseudomyogenic heman- gioendothelioma 显示文摘 | TROMBETTA D MAGNUSSON L VON STEYERN F V | 2011 | Cancer Genet2011，204，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Endoplasmic reticulum glucosidase II is composed of a catalytic subunit, conserved from yeast to mammals, and a tightly bound noncatalytic HDEL-containing subunit显示文摘 | Trombetta E S Simons J F Helenius A | 1996 | Journal of Biological Chemistry1996，271，27： | 1 |
| 20 | The effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) on the astrocytic cytoskeleton 显示文摘 | McManus M F Trombetta L D | 1995 | Scanning Microsc1995，9，1： | 1 |
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