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| 1 | High-density SNP-based genetic maps for the parents of an outcrossed and a selfed tetraploid garden rose cross, inferred from admixed progeny using the 68k rose SNP array显示文摘Dense genetic maps create a base for QTL analysis of important traits and future implementation of marker-assisted breeding.In tetraploid rose,the existing linkage maps include<300 markers to cover 28 linkage groups(4 homologous sets of 7 chromosomes).Here we used the 68k WagRhSNP Axiom single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array for rose,in combination with SNP dosage calling at the tetraploid level,to genotype offspring from the garden rose cultivar‘Red New Dawn’.The offspring proved to be not from a single bi-parental cross.In rose breeding,crosses with unintended parents occur regularly.We developed a strategy to separate progeny into putative populations,even while one of the parents was unknown,using principle component analysis on pairwise genetic distances based on sets of selected SNP markers that were homozygous,and therefore uninformative for one parent.One of the inferred populations was consistent with self-fertilization of‘Red New Dawn’.Subsequently,linkage maps were generated for a bi-parental and a self-pollinated population with‘Red New Dawn’as the common maternal parent.The densest map,for the selfed parent,had 1929 SNP markers on 25 linkage groups,covering 1765.5 cM at an average marker distance of 0.9 cM.Synteny with the strawberry(Fragaria vesca)genome was extensive.Rose ICM1 corresponded to F.vesca pseudochromosome 7(Fv7),ICM4 to Fv4,ICM5 to Fv3,ICM6 to Fv2 and ICM7 to Fv5.Rose ICM2 corresponded to parts of F.vesca pseudochromosomes 1 and 6,whereas ICM3 is syntenic to the remainder of Fv6. | Mirjana Vukosavljev Paul Arens Roeland E Voorrips Wendy P C van't Westende G D Esselink Peter M Bourke Peter Cox W Eric van de Weg Richard G F Visser Chris Maliepaard Marinus J M Smulders | 2016 | Horticulture Research2016，3，1： | 6 |
| 2 | Osteoprotegerin: A Novel Secreted Protein Involved in the Regulation of Bone Density显示文摘 | W.S Simonet D.L Lacey C.R Dunstan M Kelley M.-S Chang R Lüthy H.Q Nguyen S Wooden L Bennett T Boone G Shimamoto M DeRose R Elliott A Colombero H.-L Tan G Trail J Sullivan E Davy N Bucay L Renshaw-Gegg T.M Hughes D Hill W Pattison P Campbell S Sander G Van | 1997 | Cell1997，，2： | 6 |
| 3 | Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review显示文摘The development of artificial intelligence(AI)has increased dramatically in the last 20 years,with clinical applications progressively being explored for most of the medical specialties.The field of gastroenterology and hepatology,substantially reliant on vast amounts of imaging studies,is not an exception.The clinical applications of AI systems in this field include the identification of premalignant or malignant lesions(e.g.,identification of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus,pancreatic malignancies),detection of lesions(e.g.,polyp identification and classification,small-bowel bleeding lesion on capsule endoscopy,pancreatic cystic lesions),development of objective scoring systems for risk stratification,predicting disease prognosis or treatment response[e.g.,determining survival in patients post-resection of hepatocellular carcinoma),determining which patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)will benefit from biologic therapy],or evaluation of metrics such as bowel preparation score or quality of endoscopic examination.The objective of this comprehensive review is to analyze the available AI-related studies pertaining to the entirety of the gastrointestinal tract,including the upper,middle and lower tracts;IBD;the hepatobiliary system;and the pancreas,discussing the findings and clinical applications,as well as outlining the current limitations and future directions in this field. | Paul T Kröner Megan ML Engels Benjamin S Glicksberg Kipp W Johnson Obaie Mzaik Jeanin E van Hooft Michael B Wallace Hashem B El-Serag Chayakrit Krittanawong | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，40： | 6 |
| 4 | CD28/CTLA-4/B7 and CD40/CD40L costimulation and activation of regulatory T cells显示文摘Costimulatory signals are crucial for T cell activation. Attempts to block costimulatory pathways have been effective in preventing unwanted immune reactions. In particular, blocking the CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen(CTLA)-4/B7 interaction(using CTLA-4Ig) and the CD40/CD40 L interaction(using anti-CD40 L antibodies) prevents T cell mediated autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft vs host disease in experimental models. Moreover, CTLA-4Ig is in clinical use to treat rheumatoid arthritis(abatacept) and to prevent rejection of renal transplants(belatacept). Under certain experimental conditions, this treatment can even result in tolerance. Surprisingly, the underlying mechanisms of immune modulation are still not completely understood. We here discuss the evidence that costimulation blockade differentially affects effector T cells(Teff) and regulatory T cells(Treg). The latter are required to control inappropriate and unwanted immune responses, and their activity often contributes to tolerance induction and maintenance. Unfortunately, our knowledge on the costimulatory requirements of Treg cells is very limited. We therefore summarize the current understanding ofthe costimulatory requirements of Treg cells, and elaborate on the effect of anti-CD40 L antibody and CTLA-4Ig treatment on Treg cell activity. In this context, we point out that the outcome of a treatment aiming at blocking the CD28/CTLA-4/B7 costimulatory interaction can vary with dosing, timing and underlying immunopathology. | Isabel T Vogel Stefaan W Van Gool Jan L Ceuppens | 2014 | World Journal of Immunology2014，4，2： | 3 |
| 5 | The effect of environmental factors on the growth of a halophilic species of algae Biol显示文摘 | McNULTY T B | 1973 | Bull Mar Bio Lab Woods Hole1973，145，： | 1 |
| 6 | A new technique of reversibly adsorbed phosphate显示文摘 | Fokkink L G J Van Reimsdijk W H | 1987 | Soil Sci Soc Am J1987，51，： | 1 |
| 7 | Postprandial blood hormone and metabolite concentrations influenced by feeding frequency and feeding level in veal calves显示文摘 | VICARI T VAN DEN BORNE J J G C GERRITS W J J | 2008 | Domestic Animal Endocrinology2008，34，： | 1 |
| 8 | Comparison of the photosynthetic characteristics of three submersed aquatic plants 显示文摘 | Van T K Haller W T Bowes G | 1976 | Plant Physiology1976，58，： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of Sn on Pt/C catalysts for the methanol electro-oxidation 显示文摘 | FRELINK T VISSCHER W VAN VEEN J A R | 1994 | Electrochim Acta1994，39，： | 1 |
| 10 | The Influence of Crosslinkage on the Distribution Cofficients and Anion Exchange Behavior of Some Elements in Hydrochloric Acid显示文摘 | Van der Walt T N Strelow F W E Verheij R | 1985 | Solvent Extr Ion Exc1985，3，： | 1 |
| 11 | Effects of organic forms of zinc on growth performance,tissue zinc distribution,and immune response of weanling pigs显示文摘 | Van Heugten E T Spears J W Kegley E B | 2003 | J Anim Sci2003，81，： | 1 |
| 12 | Prevention of lactic acidosis due to metform in intox ication in contrastmedia nephropathy显示文摘 | Landewe-Cleuren S van Zwam W H de Bruin T W | 2000 | NedTudschr Geneeskd2000，144，40： | 1 |
| 13 | The role of feed consumption and feed efficiency in copper-stimulated growth显示文摘 | ZHOU W KORNEGAY E T VAN L H | 1994 | J Ainm Sci1994，72，： | 1 |
| 14 | Clinical assessment of the long-term risk of fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis显示文摘 | van Staa T P Geusens P Bijlsma W J | 2006 | Arthritis Rheum2006，54，： | 1 |
| 15 | Hydrolytic degradation of oligo(lactic acid): a kinetic and mechanistic study显示文摘 | VAN NOSTRUM C F VELDHUIS T FJ BOS G W | 2004 | Polymer2004，45，： | 1 |
| 16 | Simulating the effect of capillary flux on the soil water balance in a stochastic ecohydrological framework显示文摘 | Vervoort R W van der Zee S E A T | 2008 | Water Resources Research2008，44，8： | 1 |
| 17 | A heterozygosity in the SOD1 gene is associated with familial and apparently sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis显示文摘 | Robberecht W Aguirre T Van Den Bosch L | 1996 | Neurology1996，47，： | 1 |
| 18 | Strategy,choice of performance measures, and performance 显示文摘 | Van der Stede W A Chow C W and Lin T W | 2006 | Bebavioral Research in Accounting2006，18，： | 1 |
| 19 | Paraoxonase-1 gene transfer lowers vascular oxidative stress and improves vasomotor function in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with preexisting atherosclerosis显示文摘 | Guns PJ Van Assche T Verreth W | 2008 | Br J Pharmacol2008，153，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Primary percutaneous coronary intervention versus thrombolytic treatment long term follow up according to infarct location显示文摘 | Henriques J P Zijlstra F van' t Hof A W | 2006 | Heart2006，92，： | 1 |
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