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| 1 | Gastro-duodenal disease in Africa: Literature review and clinical data from Accra, Ghana显示文摘Gastroduodenal disease(GDD)was initially thought to be uncommon in Africa.Amongst others,lack of access to optimal health infrastructure and suspicion of conventional medicine resulted in the reported prevalence of GDD being significantly lower than that in other areas of the world.Following the increasing availability of flexible upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy,it has now become apparent that GDD,especially peptic ulcer disease(PUD),is prevalent across the continent of Africa.Recognised risk factors for gastric cancer(GCA)include Helicobater pylori(H.pylori),diet,Epstein-Barr virus infection and industrial chemical exposure,while those for PUD are H.pylori,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)-use,smoking and alcohol consumption.Of these,H.pylori is generally accepted to be causally related to the development of atrophic gastritis(AG),intestinal metaplasia(IM),PUD and distal GCA.Here,we perform a systematic review of the patterns of GDD across Africa obtained with endoscopy,and complement the analysis with new data obtained on premalignant gastric his-topathological lesions in Accra,Ghana which was compared with previous data from Maputo,Mozambique.As there is a general lack of structured cohort studies in Africa,we also considered endoscopy-based hospital or tertiary centre studies of symptomatic individuals.In Africa,there is considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of PUD with no clear geographical patterns.Furthermore,there are differences in PUD within-country despite universally endemic H.pylori infection.PUD is not uncommon in Africa.Most of the African tertiary-centre studies had higher prevalence of PUD when compared with similar studies in western countries.An additional intriguing observation is a recent,ongoing decline in PUD in some African countries where H.pylori infection is still high.One possible reason for the high,sustained prevalence of PUD may be the significant use of NSAIDs in local or over-the-counter preparations.The prevalence of AG and IM,were similar or modestly higher over rates in western countries but lower than those seen in Asia..In our new data,sampling of 136 patients in Accra detected evidence of pre-malignant lesions(AG and/or IM)in 20 individuals(14.7%).Likewise,the prevalence of pre-malignant lesions,in a sample of 109 patients from Maputo,were 8.3%AG and 8.3%IM.While H.pylori is endemic in Africa,the observed prevalence for GCA is rather low.However,cancer data is drawn from country cancer registries that are not comprehensive due to considerable variation in the availability of efficient local cancer reporting systems,diagnostic health facilities and expertise.Validation of cases and their source as well as specificity of outcome definitions are not explicit in most studies further contributing to uncertainty about the precise incidence rates of GCA on the continent.We conclude that evidence is still lacking to support(or not)the African enigma theory due to inconsistencies in the data that indicate a particularly low incidence of GDD in African countries. | Timothy N Archampong Richard H Asmah Cathy J Richards Vicki J Martin Christopher D Bayliss Edília Botao Leonor David Sandra Beleza Carla Carrilho | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，26： | 3 |
| 2 | Urban human thermal comfort in hot and humid Hong Kong显示文摘 | EDWARD N G VICKY C SANTAMOURIS M | 2012 | Energy and Buildings2012，55，： | 1 |
| 3 | Stimulating 'green' technological innovation: an analysis of alternative policy mechanisms 显示文摘 | VICKI N B | 1999 | Policy Sciences1999，32，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Lung cancer per- fusion at multi-detector row CT:reproducibility of whole tumor quantitative measurements显示文摘 | Quan-Sing N Vicky G Heinz F | 2006 | Radiology2006，239，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Sf1 and Mis expression:Molecular milestones in the canine sex determination pathway显示文摘 | Vicki N M | 2005 | Molecular Reproduction and Development2005，70，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Reversal in a Llama显示文摘 | Clynn E Wilker D V M Vicki N | 1994 | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association1994，204，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Optimal Resource Allocation for Security in Reliability Systems 显示文摘 | Azaiez M N Vicki M B | 2007 | European Journal of Operational Research2007，181，： | 1 |
| 8 | Expression of early growth response protein 1 in vasopressin neurones of the rat anterior olfactory nucleus following social odour exposure显示文摘 | Douglas W Vicky A Julia N | 2010 | J Physiol2010，12，23： | 1 |
| 9 | Microstructural investigations into the abrasion resistance of fiber- reinforced concrete floors显示文摘 | Vicky C V Short N R Kettle R J | 2008 | Journal of Materials in CivilEngineering2008，20，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Presumptive Sry- negative XX Sex Reversal in a Llama with Multiple Congenital Anomalies 显示文摘 | Mark L Drew D V M Vicki N | 1999 | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association1999，215，： | 1 |
| 11 | Multidisciplinary task force for centrolling drug expenses显示文摘 | Hayman Vicki S | 1993 | Am J Hosp Pharm1993，50，： | 1 |
| 12 | Influence of vertical growth pattern on faciolingual inclinations and treatment mechanics 显示文摘 | Vicki AR Isaacson RJ Girmane N | 1990 | Am J Orthod1990，98，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Successful patient diabetes education in the emergency department显示文摘 | VICKI R NATALIE B CARINE N | 2015 | The Diabetes Educator2015，41，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus/aev/s)显示文摘 | Tyrone B Vicky K Anne N | 2010 | PNAS2010，107，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Mutation Analysis of the Entire PKD1 Gene: Genetic and Diagnostic Implications显示文摘 | Sandro Rossetti Lana Strmecki Vicki Gamble Sarah Burton Vicky Sneddon Belén Peral Sushmita Roy Aysin Bakkaloglu Radovan Komel Christopher G. Winearls Peter C. Harris | 2001 | The American Journal of Human Genetics2001，，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Optimal resource allocation for security in reliability systems显示文摘 | AZAIEZ M N BIER VICKI M | 2007 | European Journal of Operational Research2007，181，77： | 1 |
| 17 | 应用跌倒生物力学分析老年人髋部骨折风险:一项长期护理中视频捕捉跌倒的队列研究(摘译)显示文摘跌倒导致了95%以上的老年人髋部骨折。几乎25%髋部骨折患者会在发生骨折1年内死亡,50%患者的自理能力大幅下降。跌倒和髋部骨折的发生率在长期护理(long-term care,LTC)的老年人中尤其高。由于长期接受护理的老年人普遍存在肢体和认知障碍,在社区居住的老年人中能有效预防跌倒的策略(如:运动)在LTC设施中并不成功。因此,有必要了解跌倒的影响因素,改进现有的预防策略,并采取新的预防方法。 | 何卓谚(摘译) 杨怿健 李丽萍(审校) Yijian Yang Vicki Komisar Nataliya Shishov Bryan Lo Alexandra MB Korall Fabio Feldman Stephen N Robinovitch | 2022 | 伤害医学(电子版)2022，11，3： | 1 |
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