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| 1 | Improving the Extreme Rainfall Forecast of Typhoon Morakot(2009) by Assimilating Radar Data from Taiwan Island and China's Mainland显示文摘This study examined the impact of an improved initial field through assimilating ground-based radar data from China's Mainland and Taiwan Island to simulate the long-lasting and extreme rainfall caused by Morakot(2009). The vortex location and the subsequent track analyzed through the radial velocity data assimilation(VDA) are generally consistent with the best track. The initial humidity within the radar detecting region and Morakot's northward translation speed can be significantly improved by the radar reflectivity data assimilation(ZDA). As a result, the heavy rainfall on both sides of Taiwan Strait can be reproduced with the joint application of VDA and ZDA. Based on sensitivity experiments, it was found that, without ZDA, the simulated storm underwent an unrealistic inward contraction after 12-h integration, due to underestimation of humidity in the global reanalysis, leading to underestimation of rainfall amount and coverage. Without the vortex relocation via VDA, the moister(drier) initial field with(without) ZDA will produce a more southward(northward) track, so that the rainfall location on both sides of Taiwan Strait will be affected. It was further found that the improvement in the humidity field of Morakot is mainly due to assimilation of high-value reflectivity(strong convection) observed by the radars in Taiwan Island, especially at Kenting station. By analysis of parcel trajectories and calculation of water vapor flux divergence, it was also found that the improved typhoon circulation through assimilating radar data can draw more water vapor from the environment during the subsequent simulation, eventually contributing to the extreme rainfall on both sides of Taiwan Strait. | Xuwei BAO Dan WU Xiaotu LEI Leiming MA Dongliang WANG Kun ZHAO Ben Jong-Dao JOU | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，4： | 3 |
| 2 | OVERVIEW OF SEVERE TYPHOON FITOW AND ITS OPERATIONAL FORECASTS显示文摘Severe typhoon Fitow(1323)brought persistent and heavy rainfall to Zhejiang and the Shanghai area after it made landfall at Fujian Province of China in October 2013,breaking the rainfall records of several counties and districts in Zhejiang.In this paper,we provide an overview of the characteristics of Fitow’s landfall,including its track,intensity,structural evolution,heavy rainfall,and wind.We also describe some of the associated disastrous impacts.Finally,we provide verifications of operational forecasts of its track,intensity and rainfall.Though the track and intensity is well predicted,the rainfall persistence and enhancement in the second stage in Shanghai and north Zhejiang areas are not predicted out at all.The analysis presented in this paper provides forecasters and researchers with some valuable information on Fitow,which could form a useful basis for further studies. | ZIFENG YU YANDIE CHEN DAN WU GUOMIN CHEN XUWEI BAO QIUZHEN YANG RUNLING YU LEI ZHANG JIE TANG MING XU ZHIHUA ZENG | 2014 | Tropical Cyclone Research and Review2014，3，1： | 2 |
| 3 | An evaluation and improvement of tropical cyclone prediction in the western North Pacific basin from global ensemble forecasts显示文摘Forecasts of tropical cyclones(TCs) of the western North Pacific basin during the period of July to August 2018,especially of Rumbia(2018), Ampil(2018) and Jongdari(2018) that made landfall over Shanghai, have opposed great challenges for numerical models and forecasters. The predictive skill of these TCs are analyzed based on ensemble forecasts of ECMWF and NCEP. Results of the overall performance show that ensemble forecasts of ECMWF generally have higher predictive skill of track and intensity forecasts than those of NCEP. Specifically, ensemble forecasts of ECMWF have higher predictive skill of intensity forecasts for Rumbia(2018) and Ampil(2018) than those of NCEP, and both have low predictive skill of intensity forecasts for Jongdari(2018) at peak intensity. To improve the predictive skill of ensemble forecasts for TCs, a method that estimates adaptive weights for members of an ensemble forecast is proposed. The adaptive weights are estimated based on the fit of ensemble priors and posteriors to observations. The performances of ensemble forecasts of ECMWF and NCEP using the adaptive weights are generally improved for track and intensity forecasts. The advantages of the adaptive weights are more prominent for ensemble forecasts of ECMWF than for those of NCEP. | Lili LEI Yangjinxi GE Zhemin TAN Xuwei BAO | 2020 | Science China Earth Sciences2020，63，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Bats as the main prey of wintering long-eared owl(Asio otus)in Beijing:Integrating biodiversity protection and urban management显示文摘The loss of biodiversity from urbanized areas is a major environmental problem challenging policy-makers throughout the world.Solutions to this problem are urgently required in China.We carried out a case study of wintering long-eared owls(Asio otus)and their main prey to illustrate the negative effects of urbanization combined with ineffective conservation of biodiversity in Beijing.Field monitoring of owl numbers at two roosting sites from 2004 to 2012 showed that the owl population had fallen rapidly in metropolitan Beijing.Analysis of pellet contents identified only seven individuals of two species of shrew.The majority of mammalian prey comprised four bat and seven rodent species,making up 29.3%and 29.5%of the prey items,respectively.Prey composition varied significantly among years at the two sample sites.At the urban site the consumption of bats and rodents declined gradually over time,while predation on birds increased.In contrast,at the suburban site the prey composition showed an overall decrease in the number of bats,a sharp increase and a subsequent decrease in bird prey,and the number of rodent prey fell to a low point.Rapid development of real estate and inadequate greenfield management in city parks resulted in negative effects on the bird and small mammal habitat of urban areas in Beijing.We suggest that measures to conserve biodiversity should be integrated into future urban planning to maintain China’s rich biodiversity while also achieving sustainable economic development. | Long TIAN Xuwei ZHOU Yang SHI Yumin GUO Weidong BAO | 2015 | Integrative Zoology2015，10，2： | 1 |
| 5 | A Method for Diagnosing the Secondary Circulation with Saturated Moist Entropy Structure in a Mature Tropical Cyclone显示文摘Under the adiabatic, axisymmetric and steady assumption, a relationship between the saturated moist entropy structure and the secondary circulation in a tropical cyclone(TC) is derived from the continuity equation. It is found that the isentropic surfaces coincide with the streamlines, and the streamfunction can be expressed with saturated moist entropy. The secondary circulation and the saturated moist entropy structure depend on each other. Thus, a method for diagnosing the secondary circulation with the structure of saturated moist entropy is proposed. The method is verified with a simulated intense idealized TC with a highly axisymmetric structure. The diagnosed secondary circulation reproduces well the moist inflow in the boundary layer and the moist updraft in the eyewall. This method facilitates secondary circulation diagnosis in theoretical or mature TCs that satisfy the adiabatic, axisymmetric and steady approximations. | Yiwu HUANG Yihong DUAN Johnny C. L. CHAN Xuwei BAO | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，8： | 0 |
| 6 | Formation and Development of a Mountain-induced Secondary Center inside Typhoon Morakot(2009)显示文摘The structural evolution of Typhoon Morakot(2009) during its passage across Taiwan was investigated with the WRF model. When Morakot approached eastern Taiwan, the low-level center was gradually filled by the Central Mountain Range(CMR), while the outer wind had flowed around the northern tip of the CMR and met the southwesterly monsoon to result in a strong confluent flow over the southern Taiwan Strait. When the confluent flow was blocked by the southern CMR, a secondary center(SC) without a warm core formed over southwestern Taiwan. During the northward movement of the SC along the west slope of the CMR, the warm air produced within the wake flow over the northwestern CMR was continuously advected into the SC, contributing to the generation of a warm core inside the SC. Consequently, a well-defined SC with a warm core, closed circulation and almost symmetric structure was produced over central western Taiwan, and then it coupled with Morakot's mid-level center after crossing the CMR to reestablish a new and vertically stacked typhoon. Therefore, the SC inside Morakot was initially generated by a dynamic interaction among the TC's cyclonic wind, southwesterly wind and orographic effects of the CMR, while the thermodynamic process associated with the downslope adiabatic warming effect documented by previous studies supported its development to be a well-defined SC. In summary, the evolution of the SC in this study is not in contradiction with previous studies, but just a complement, especially in the initial formation stage. | Xuwei BAO Leiming MA Jianyong LIU Jie TANG Jing XU | 2018 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2018，35，9： | 0 |
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