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| 1 | The trend, seasonal cycle, and sources of tropospheric NO_2 over China during 1997―2006 based on satellite measurement显示文摘The characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric NO2 column density concen-tration over China are presented,on the basis of measurements from the satellite instruments GOME and SCIAMACHY.From these observations,monthly averaged tropospheric NO2 variations are deter-mined for the period of 1997 to 2006.The trend and seasonal cycle are also investigated.The possible source of tropospheric NO2 over megacity area is discussed in this paper.The results show a large growth of tropospheric NO2 over eastern China,especially above the industrial areas with a fast eco-nomical growth,such as,Yangtze Rive Delta region and Pearl River Delta region because of the prominent anthropogenic activity.There is a rapid increase of tropospheric NO2 over megacities in China.For instance,Shanghai had a linear significant increase in NO2 columns of ~20% per year(ref-erence year 1997) in the period of 1997―2006,which is the rapidest increase among all the selected cities.The seasonal pattern of the NO2 concentration shows a difference between the east and west in China.In the eastern part of China,an expected winter maximum in seasonal cycle is found because of the prominent anthropogenic activity and meteorological conditions.In the western part this cycle shows a NO2 maximum in summer time,which is attributed to natural emissions,especially soil emissions and lightning.A quickly increasing vehicle population may contribute to the increase of tropo-spheric NO2 over megacities in China for the remarkable correlation for vehicle population with tropospheric NO2. | ZHANG XingYing ZHANG Peng ZHANG Yan LI XiaoJing QIU Hong | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，12： | 30 |
| 2 | Analysis for retrieval and validation results of FY-3 Total Ozone Unit (TOU)显示文摘Retrieval experiment was made for global total column ozone using the first year measurements of Total Ozone Unit (TOU) on board the second generation polar orbiting meteorological satellite of China, FY-3/A. The retrieval results were analyzed and validated by comparison with AURA/OMI, Meteop/GOME-2 global ozone products and ground-based ozone measurement data. The qualititative comparisons over the globe especially over Antarctica and the Tibetan Plateau show that the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics are consistent with OMI and GOME-2 products. The quantitative comparisons with ground-based measurements and AURA/OMI ozone product were made over 74 stations, the TOU total ozone retrieval has a 3% rms relative error compared with AURA/OMI ozone product and 4.2% rms relative error with ground-based measurements. The maximum difference between satellite retrieval and ground-based measurements was found in the Antarctica ozone hole. The TOU global ozone product is operational and distributed to all users. | WANG WeiHe ZHANG XingYing AN XingQin ZHANG Yan HUANG FuXiang WANG YongMei WANG YingJian ZHANG ZhongMou LU JianGong FU LiPing JIANG Fang LIU GuoYang | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，26： | 12 |
| 3 | Phase I study of CAR-T cells with PD-1 and TCR disruption in mesothelin-positive solid tumors显示文摘Programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)-mediated immunosuppression has been proposed to contribute to the limited clinical efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cells in solid tumors.We generated PD-1 and T cell receptor(TCR)deficient mesothelin-specific CAR-T(MPTK-CAR-T)cells using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and evaluated them in a dose-escalation study.A total of 15 patients received one or more infusions of MPTK-CAR-T cells without prior lymphodepletion.No dose-limiting toxicity or unexpected adverse events were observed in any of the 15 patients.The best overall response was stable disease(2/15 patients).Circulating MPTK-CAR-T cells peaked at days 7–14 and became undetectable beyond 1 month.TCR-positive CAR-T cells rather than TCR-negative CAR-T cells were predominantly detected in effusion or peripheral blood from three patients after infusion.We further confirmed the reduced persistence of TCR-deficient CAR-T cells in animal models.Our results establish the preliminary feasibility and safety of CRISPR-engineered CAR-T cells with PD-1 disruption and suggest that the natural TCR plays an important role in the persistence of CAR-T cells when treating solid tumors. | Zhenguang Wang Na Li Kaichao Feng Meixia Chen Yan Zhang Yang Liu Qingming Yang Jing Nie Na Tang Xingying Zhang Chen Cheng Lianjun Shen Jiaping He Xun Ye Wei Cao Haoyi Wang Weidong Han | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，9： | 7 |
| 4 | Anomalously low ozone of 1997 and 2011 Arctic spring: Monitoring results and analysis显示文摘Total ozone observations from the Total Ozone Unit (TOU) aboard the Chinese second generation polar orbiting mete- orological satellite, Fengyun-3/A (FY-3/A), revealed that total column ozone over the Arctic declined rapidly from the beginning of March 2011. An extensive region of low column amount formed around mid March; monthly mean total column ozone in March 2011 was about 30% lower than the average observed during 1979-2010. Daily total column density of ozone near the center of low ozone area in mid March was less than 240 Dobson units, about half the total column ozone amount observed during the same period of the prior 10 years. We analyzed total column ozone data from different satellites during 1979-2011. Results show that the Arctic depletion of ozone in spring 2011 was initiated by the cold polar vortex in the lower stratosphere. The March mean total ozone over the Arctic has shown a decreasing trend over the past 32 years, and its variation is strongly correlated with the polar vortex. A similar low ozone process of spring 1997 was compared to that of 2011, but daily variations of total ozone in March over the Northern Hemisphere in 1997 and 2011 have different patterns. | ZHANG Yan WANG Weihe LI Xiaojing ZHANG Xingying ZHENG Zhaojun LIU Ruixia | 2012 | Advances in Polar Science2012，23，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Comparison of SO_2 column retrievals from BRD and DOAS algorithms显示文摘Atmospheric SO_2 has a significant impact on the urban environment and global climate. Band Residual Difference Algorithm(BRD) and Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(DOAS) were used respectively by NASA and ESA science team to derive SO_2 columns from satellite observations, but there are few studies on the comparison and validation of BRD and DOAS SO_2 retrievals under the same observation conditions. In this study, the radiative transfer model SCIATRAN was firstly used to validate the accuracies of BRD and DOAS SO_2 retrievals, and analyse the uncertainty of SO_2 retrieval caused by band selection,O_3 absorption, aerosol, surface reflectance, solar and viewing zenith angle. Finally, BRD and DOAS algorithms were applied to the same radiances from satellite observations, and comparisons of BRD and DOAS SO_2 retrievals were conducted over volcanic eruption and North China. Results show that, for the case with low SO_2 columns, BRD SO_2 retrievals have higher retrieval accuracy than DOAS, but typical seasonal variation with high SO_2 column in winter and low in summer can be more clearly discernible in DOAS SO_2 retrievals than BRD from satellite observations. For the case with high SO_2 columns, the differences between BRD(310.8–314.4 nm) and DOAS(315–327 nm) retrievals are large, and the value and accuracy of BRD(310.8–314.4 nm) SO_2 retrievals are lower than those of DOAS(315–327 nm) retrievals. Compared with the SO_2 inputs in forward model, both BRD(310.8–314.4 nm) and DOAS(315–327 nm) SO_2 retrievals are underestimated for the case with high SO_2 columns. The selection of wavelength range can significantly affect the accuracy of SO_2 retrieval. The error of BRD SO_2 retrieval from 310.8–314.4 nm is lower than other bands in the ultraviolet spectral region(306–327 nm). The increase of wavelength in the ultraviolet spectral region306–330 nm can reduce the underestimation of DOAS SO_2 retrievals in the case of high SO_2 column, but slight overestimation of SO_2 retrieval is found from the 315–327 nm range in the case of low SO_2 column. The values of BRD and DOAS SO_2 retrieval decrease with atmospheric O_3 column and aerosol optical depth increasing, but increase with surface reflectance increasing. Large solar zenith angle and viewing zenith angle can introduce more errors to the BRD and DOAS SO_2 retrievals. This study is important for the improvement of retrieval algorithm and the application of SO_2 products from satellite observations. | YAN HuanHuan LI XiaoJing WANG WeiHe ZHANG XingYing CHEN LiangFu HAN Dong YU Chao GAO Ling | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，9： | 1 |
| 6 | Fiber-specific increase of carotenoid content promotes cotton fiber elongation by increasing abscisic acid and ethylene biosynthesis显示文摘Cotton fiber is a raw material for the global textile industry and fiber quality is essential to its industrial application.Carotenoids are plant secondary metabolites that may serve as dietary components,regulate light harvesting,and scavenge reactive oxygen species.Although carotenoids accumulate predominantly in rapidly elongating cotton fibers,their roles in cotton fiber development remain poorly understood.In this study,a fiber-specific promoter proSCFP was applied to drive the expression of GhOR1Del,a positive regulator of carotenoid accumulation,to upregulate the carotenoid level in cotton fiber in planta.Fiber length,strength,and fineness were increased in proSCFP:GhOR1Del transgenic cotton and abscisic acid(ABA)and ethylene contents were increased in elongating fibers.The ABA downstream regulator GhbZIP27a stimulated the expression of the ethylene synthase gene GhACO3 by binding to its promoter,suggesting that ABA promoted fiber elongation by increasing ethylene production.These findings suggest the involvement of carotenoids and ABA signaling in promoting cotton fiber elongation and provide a strategy for improving cotton fiber quality. | Jianyan Zeng Dan Yao Ming Luo Lingli Ding Yi Wang Xingying Yan Shu’e Ye Chuannan Wang Yiping Wu Jingyi Zhang Yaohua Li Lingfang Ran Yonglu Dai Yang Chen Fanlong Wang Hanyan Lai Nian Liu Nianjuan Fang Yan Pei Yuehua Xiao | 2023 | The Crop Journal2023，11，3： | 0 |
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