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| 1 | Face Masks in the New COVID-19 Normal: Materials, Testing,and Perspectives显示文摘The increasing prevalence of infectious diseases in recent decades has posed a serious threat to public health.Routes of transmission differ,but the respiratory droplet or airborne route has the greatest potential to disrupt social intercourse,while being amenable to prevention by the humble facemask.Different types of masks give different levels of protection to the user.The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has even resulted in a global shortage of face masks and the raw materials that go into them,driving individuals to self-produce masks from household items.At the same time,research has been accelerated towards improving the quality and performance of face masks,e.g.,by introducing properties such as antimicrobial activity and superhydrophobicity.This review will cover mask-wearing from the public health perspective,the technical details of commercial and home-made masks,and recent advances in mask engineering,disinfection,and materials and discuss the sustainability of mask-wearing and mask production into the future. | Ming Hui Chua Weiren Cheng Shermin Simin Goh Junhua Kong Bing Li Jason Y.CLim Lu Mao Suxi Wang Kun Xue Le Yang Enyi Ye Kangyi Zhang Wun Chet Davy Cheong Beng Hoon Tan Zibiao Li Ban Hock Tan Xian Jun Loh | 2020 | Research2020，，1： | 5 |
| 2 | Study of the Change in Wave Velocity Ratio before and after Two Strong Earthquakes Using Airgun Source Data显示文摘Using the signals excited by the large-volume airgun source at the Binchuan transmitting seismic station from January to June,2016,arrival-time data was acquired at four stations near the epicenter of the Eryuan MS4.5 and MS4.0 earthquakes on February 8,2016,as well as the epicenter of the Yunlong MS5.0 and Eryuan MS4.6 earthquakes on May 18,2016 through the waveform cross-correlation technique.The wave velocity ratio of the four stations was calculated using the single-station method.At the same time,the b-value and the focal mechanism consistency parameters of the study area were also calculated.The results show that:(1)the wave velocity ratio of each station experienced a process of decline-recovery-fast rise before the two strong earthquakes,and a significant quasi-synchronous rapid rise occurred within 3-12 days before the earthquake;(2)the timing of the rapid rise of the wave velocity ratio of the four stations before the Yunlong MS5.0 and Eryuan MS4.6 earthquakes were related to the epicentral distance.The station which observed the earliest increase in rapid rise is the farthest one from the epicenter,and the station where the rapid rise appeared in the latest is closest to the epicenter;(3)the form of change of the wave velocity ratio before the earthquake was different between stations located at different directions in the epicenter area;(4)the b-value and the focal mechanism consistency parameter which is commonly used to characterize the stress level both showed a downward trend before the two strong earthquakes,and were consistent with the change in the wave velocity ratio.According to the preliminary analysis,the wave velocity ratio obtained by using airgun source can better reflect the change in the stress state of the underground medium. | LIU Zifeng YE Beng CHEN Jia ZHOU Qingyun WANG Guangming PENG Guanling LI Yongli | 2019 | Earthquake Research in China2019，33，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Using Airgun Source Signals to Study Regional Wave Velocity Changes before and after the Yunlong M_S5.0 and Yangbi M_S5.1 Earthquakes显示文摘On the basis of the airgun source signals recorded by the stations from January,2016 to June,2017,we use cross-correlation detection technology to obtain the characteristics of the stable phase travel time change of each station.We used the Yunlong MS5.0 and Yangbi MS5.1 earthquakes as samples.According to regional characteristics,13 stations with high signal-to-noise ratios and complete data were selected(including 3 fixed stations and 10 active source stations).They are divided into four regions,and on the basis of the GNSS baseline data,the characteristics of regional wave velocity changes before and after the earthquake are analyzed.The results show that the station phase travel time change and the regional stress characteristics represented by the GNSS baseline data have good correlation in the short-term.Due to different degrees of regional stress,there are differences in the travel time changes of different stations in the four regions.Before the Yunlong MS5.0 and Yangbi MS5.1 earthquakes,with regional stress adjustment,there is an upward trend in the travel time changes of related stations in the adjacent areas of up to 0.02 s.The difference is that there are differences in the time nodes and duration of the travel time anomalies,and there is a reverse descent process after the Yangbi MS5.1 earthquake.There are different degrees of travel time fluctuations in the relevant stations before and after the two earthquakes,but the fluctuation range before and after the earthquake was small.Compared with the water level change of the reservoir,the adjustment of the regional stress is more likely to have a substantial impact on the travel time changes of the relevant stations. | YANG Jianwen LI Lei ZHANG Pengying YE Beng HE Yingwen CHEN Jia CHA Wenjian | 2019 | Earthquake Research in China2019，33，2： | 4 |
| 4 | A real-time AI-assisted seismic monitoring system based on new nodal stations with 4G telemetry and its application in the Yangbi M_(S) 6.4 aftershock monitoring in southwest China显示文摘A rapidly deployable dense seismic monitoring system which is capable of transmitting acquired data in real time and analyzing data automatically is crucial in seismic hazard mitigation after a major earthquake.However,it is rather difficult for current seismic nodal stations to transmit data in real time for an extended period of time,and it usually takes a great amount of time to process the acquired data manually.To monitor earthquakes in real time flexibly,we develop a mobile integrated seismic monitoring system consisting of newly developed nodal units with 4G telemetry and a real-time AI-assisted automatic data processing workflow.The integrated system is convenient for deployment and has been successfully applied in monitoring the aftershocks of the Yangbi M_(S) 6.4 earthquake occurred on May 21,2021 in Yangbi County,Dali,Yunnan in southwest China.The acquired seismic data are transmitted almost in real time through the 4G cellular network,and then processed automat-ically for event detection,positioning,magnitude calculation and source mechanism inversion.From tens of seconds to a couple of minutes at most,the final seismic attributes can be presented remotely to the end users through the integrated system.From May 27 to June 17,the real-time system has detected and located 7905 aftershocks in the Yangbi area before the internal batteries exhausted,far more than the catalog provided by China Earthquake Networks Center using the regional permanent stations.The initial application of this inte-grated real-time monitoring system is promising,and we anticipate the advent of a new era for Real-time Intelligent Array Seismology(RIAS),for better monitoring and understanding the subsurface dynamic pro-cesses caused by Earth's internal forces as well as anthropogenic activities. | Junlun Li Huajian Yao Baoshan Wang Yang Yang Xin Hu Lishu Zhang Beng Ye Jun Yang Xiaobin Li Feng Liu Guoyi Chen Chang Guo Wen Yang | 2022 | Earthquake Research Advances2022，2，2： | 1 |
| 5 | An accessible seismological dataset of 2021 Yangbi M_(S)6.4 earthquake显示文摘A M_(S)6.4 earthquake occurred on 21 May 2021 in Yangbi county,Dali prefecture,Yunnan,China,at 21:48 Beijing Time(13:48 UTC).Earthquakes with an M3.0 or higher occurred before and after the main shock.Seismic data analysis is essential for the in-depth investigation of the 2021 Yangbi M_(S)6.4 earthquake sequence and the seismotectonics of northwestern Yunnan.Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration(CEA),has compiled a dataset of seismological observations from 157 broadband stations located within 500 km of the epicenter,and has made this dataset available to the earthquake science research community.The dataset(total file size:329 GB)consists of event waveforms with a sampling frequency of 100 sps collected from 18 to 28 May 2021,20-Hz and 100-Hz continuous waveforms collected from 12 to 31 May 2021,and seismic instrument response files.To promote data sharing,the dataset also includes the seismic event waveforms from 20 to 22 May 2021 recorded at 50 stations of the ongoing Binchuan Active Source Geophysical Observation Project,for which the data protection period has not expired.Sample waveforms of the main shock are included in the appendix of this article and can be downloaded from the Earthquake Science website.The event and continuous waveforms are available from the Earthquake Science Data Center website(www.esdc.ac.cn)on application. | Shuguang Wang Hui Yang Weilai Wang Fang Wang Zheng Liu Wei Yang Weitao Wang Yunpeng Zhang Lu Li Jiupeng Hu Xiaobin Li Wenjian Cha Beng Ye Hongbo Zhu Jun Yang | 2021 | Earthquake Science2021，34，5： | 0 |
| 6 | Characterization of the Crustal Thickness and Poisson's Ratio of the Binchuan Region显示文摘This paper presents the changes of crust thickness and Poissons ratios distribution in the Binchuan region,where the first air-gun transmitting station and its a small dense array were deployed.From September 2011 to January 2014,more than 239 teleseismic events of M≥6.0 were recorded in 16 stations in the Binchuan region.Their P-wave receiver functions were analyzed respectively.The high spatial resolution result shows that the average crust thickness of Binchuan region is 45.3km,it follows the rule of'deeper in the north and east part,shallower in the south and west part.'The deepest region is in Xiaoyindian Station;the crust thickness is 47.9km;the shallowest region is in Paiying Station,it has the thickness of 42.1km.It shows that the deeper Moho surface nearby the Chenghai fault and shallower nearby the Honghe fault;the isoline distribution of thickness changes greatly nearby the Chenghai fault and slowly nearby the Honghe fault.From the distribution of Poissons ratios,it is unevenly in the study area with a great difference from the north part to the south part,which shows a characteristic of'lower in the north,higher in the south'.The Poissons ratio nearby the Honghe fault is medium too high(0.26≤σ≤0.29);lower nearby the Chenghai fault(σ≤0.26).This paper concludes the possible reason of different characteristic between Poissons ratio and crust thickness is thicker in the upper crust in the Binchuan region. | Deng Jiamei Jin Mingpei Chen Jia Gao Qiong Zhang Huaying Wang Jun Ye Beng | 2017 | Earthquake Research in China2017，31，1： | 0 |
| 7 | Wax from Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics as a Potential Source of Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage显示文摘Over the past half-century, plastic consumption has grown rapidly due to its versatility, low cost, and unrivaled functional properties. Among the diff erent implemented strategies for recycling waste plastics, pyrolysis is deemed the most economical option. Currently, the wax obtained from the pyrolysis of waste plastics is mainly used as a feedstock to manufacture chemicals and fuels or added to asphalt for pavement construction, with no other applications of wax being reported. Herein, the thermal pyrolysis of three common waste polyolefin plastics: high-density polyethylene(HDPE), low-density polyethylene(LDPE), and polypropylene(PP), was conducted at 450 ℃. The waste plastics-derived waxes were characterized and studied for a potential new application: phase change materials(PCMs) for thermal energy storage(TES). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that paraffin makes up most of the composition of HDPE and LDPE waxes, whereas PP wax contains a mixture of naphthene, isoparaffin, olefin, and paraffin. Diff erential scanning calorimetry(DSC) analysis indicated that HDPE and LDPE waxes have a peak melting temperature of 33.8 ℃ and 40.3 ℃, with a relatively high latent heat of 103.2 J/g and 88.3 J/g, respectively, whereas the PP wax was found to have almost negligible latent heat. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and DSC results revealed good chemical and thermal stability of HDPE and LDPE waxes after 100 cycles of thermal cycling. Performance evaluation of the waxes was also conducted using a thermal storage pad to understand their thermoregulation characteristics for TES applications. | Pin Jin Ong Zhi Xiong Jerry Heng Zhenxiang Xing Hnin Yu Yu Ko Pei Wang Hongfei Liu Rong Ji Xizu Wang Beng Hoon Tan Zibiao Li Jian Wei Xu Xian Jun Loh Enyi Ye Qiang Zhu | 2023 | Transactions of Tianjin University2023，29，3： | 0 |
| 8 | Reliability Evaluation on Weak Signal Extraction for Airgun Source Surveys显示文摘Based on the data synthesis simulation and the actual processing of the airgun seismic source signal,three quantitative indicators of signal-to-noise ratio,waveform correlation coefficient and phase offset,are superimposed. We systematically evaluate the functions of the following three stack methods including linearity,phase weighting and S-transform in the extraction of weak signals under strong background noise and quantitatively estimate the reliability of the stack results. Through the comprehensive discussion of the above three methods of stack results,the preliminary comparative analysis believes that the linear stack signal-to-noise ratio is low,but the waveform distortion is minimal; the phase-weighted superimposed signal-to-noise ratio is high and the phase offset is small,but the results of the waveform quality and linear stack are larger than the deviation; the S-transform stack has a relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio and a small loss of waveform amplitude,but there is a certain phase shift phenomenon. It is therefore suggested that linear stack technology should be used when the requirements of both waveform quality and time precision are high. However,the selection of the stack method when the airgun source excitation is limited should be emphasized. If high fidelity is required, the S-transform stack method should be selected; if the required time is high,accuracy can be selected by phase-weighted stack method to achieve reasonable extraction of weak signals. | Wu Anxu Ye Beng | 2018 | Earthquake Research in China2018，32，2： | 0 |
| 9 | Comparative Study on Two Methods for Measuring Wave Velocity Change of Crustal Medium Based on Large Volume Airgun Excitation Data显示文摘This paper proposes the application of dynamic programming method to calculate the relative change of wave velocities and compares its similarities and differences with the cross-correlation delay estimation method based on interference.The results show that:①the trend of wave velocities obtained by cross-correlation method and dynamic programming method are consistent.Besides,it is considered that the calculated result using cross-correlation delay method is reliable.②Compared with the cross-correlation delay method,the calculated result of the dynamic programming method has a magnifying effect and is more sensitive to small disturbances.③Under ideal conditions,the wave velocity change trend calculated by P-wave and S-wave phase should be consistent.In addition,the cross-correlation delay method is used to calculate the wave velocity change.Under appropriate conditions,the process of recovering from the suspected wave velocity before the M_L1.1 earthquake near the airgun source can be observed. | YE Beng CAO Wenzhong HUO Yuanhang CHEN Jia LI Xiaobin | 2019 | Earthquake Research in China2019，33，4： | 0 |
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