| 1 | Grain refinement of Mg-alloys by native MgO particles: An overview显示文摘A fine and equiaxed solidification process delivers multidimensional benefits to Mg-alloys, such as improved castability, reduced casting defects, enhanced mechanical properties, increased corrosion resistance and potential for increased recycled contents. Despite extensive research on grain refinement of Mg-alloys in the last few decades, currently, there is no effective grain refiner available for refining Mg-Al alloys, and our current understanding of grain refining mechanisms is not adequate to facilitate the development of effective grain refiners.Under the EPSRC(UK) Li ME Hub’s research program, substantial advances have been made in understanding the early stages of solidification covering prenucleation, heterogeneous nucleation, grain initiation and grain refinement. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of grain refinement of Mg-alloys by native MgO particles. We show that native MgO particles can be made available for effective grain refinement of Mg-alloys by intensive melt shearing regardless of the alloy compositions. More importantly, we demonstrate that(1) the addition of more potent exogenous particles will not be more effective than native MgO;and(2) MgO particles are difficult to be made more impotent for grain refinement through promoting explosive grain initiation. We suggest that the most effective approach to grain refinement of Mg-alloys is to make more native MgO particles available for grain refinement through dispersion, such as by intensive melt shearing. | Z.Fan F.Gao Y.Wang S.H.Wang J.B.Patel | 2022 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2022，10，11： | 3 |
| 3 | Novel and disruptive biological strategies for resolving gut health challenges in monogastric food animal production显示文摘Use of feed antibiotics as growth promoters for control of pathogens associated with monogastric food animal morbidity and mortality has contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which has now become a threat to public health on a global scale. Presently, a number of alternative feed additives have been developed and are divided into two major categories, including 1) the ones that are supposed to directly and indirectly control pathogenic bacterial proliferation; and 2) the other ones that are intended to up-regulate host gut mucosal trophic growth, whole body growth performance and active immunity. A thorough review of literature reports reveal that efficacy responses of current alternative feed additives in replacing feed antibiotics to improve performances and gut health are generally inconsistent dependent upon experimental conditions. Current alternative feed additives typically have no direct detoxification effects on endotoxin lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and this is likely the major reason that their effects are limited. It is now understood that pathogenic bacteria mediate their negative effects largely through LPS interactions with toll-like receptor 4, causing immune responses and infectious diseases. Therefore, disruptive biological strategies and a novel and new generation of feed additives need to be developed to replace feed antibiotic growth promoters and to directly and effectively detoxify the endotoxin LPS and improve gut health and performance in monogastric food animals. | Ming Z.Fan Tania Archbold | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，3： | 0 |
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