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| 1 | Soil Macropore Structure Characterized by X-Ray Computed Tomography Under Different Land Uses in the Qinghai Lake Watershed, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘Quantification of soil macropores is important to enhance our understanding of preferential pathways for water, air, and chemical movement in soils. However, the soil architecture of different land uses is not well understood in elusive alpine regions. The objective of this study was to quantify the architecture of soil macropores in a Kobresia meadow, farmland, and sand in the Qinghai Lake watershed of northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China using X-ray computed tomography. Nine soil cores at 0–50 cm depth were collected at three sites with three replicates. At each site, the three collected cores were scanned using a GE Hi Speed FX/i medical scanner(General Electric, USA). To analyze soil architecture, the number of macropores, macroporosity, and mean macropore equivalent diameter within the 50 cm soil profile were determined from the X-ray computed tomography. Analysis of variance indicated that land use significantly influenced macroporosity, mean macropore equivalent diameter, and number of macropores. The soils of the Kobresia meadow and farmland had greater macroporosity and developed deeper and longer macropores than that of sand. For the Kobresia meadow, macropores were distributed mainly in the 0–10 cm soil layer, while they were distributed in the 0–20 cm soil layer for the farmland. The large number of macropores observed in the soils of the Kobresia meadow and farmland could be attributed to greater root development. The results of this study provided improved quantitative evaluation of a suite of soil macropore features with significant implications for non-equilibrium flow prediction and chemical transport modeling in soils. | HU Xia LI Zongchao LI Xiaoyan WANG Pei ZHAO Yunduo LIU Lianyou LU Yanli | 2018 | Pedosphere2018，28，3： | 3 |
| 2 | Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations at Micro-Scale Stenosis for Microfluidic Thrombosis Model Characterization显示文摘Platelet aggregation plays a central role in pathological thrombosis,preventing healthy physiological blood flow within the circulatory system.For decades,it was believed that platelet aggregation was primarily driven by soluble agonists such as thrombin,adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane A2.However,recent experimental findings have unveiled an intriguing but complementary biomechanical mechanism—the shear rate gradients generated from flow disturbance occurring at sites of blood vessel narrowing,otherwise known as stenosis,may rapidly trigger platelet recruitment and subsequent aggregation.In our Nature Materials 2019 paper[1],we employed microfluidic devices which incorporated micro-scale stenoses to elucidate the molecular insights underlying the prothrombotic effect of blood flow disturbance.Nevertheless,the rheological mechanisms associated with this stenotic microfluidic device are poorly characterized.To this end,we developed a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation approach to systematically analyze the hemodynamic influence of bulk flow mechanics and flow medium.Grid sensitivity studies were performed to ensure accurate and reliable results.Interestingly,the peak shear rate was significantly reduced with the device thickness,suggesting that fabrication of microfluidic devices should retain thicknesses greater than 50µm to avoid unexpected hemodynamic aberration,despite thicker devices raising the cost of materials and processing time of photolithography.Overall,as many groups in the field have designed microfluidic devices to recapitulate the effect of shear rate gradients and investigate platelet aggregation,our numerical simulation study serves as a guideline for rigorous design and fabrication of microfluidic thrombosis models. | Yunduo Charles Zhao Parham Vatankhah Tiffany Goh Jiaqiu Wang Xuanyi Valeria Chen Moein Navvab Kashani Keke Zheng Zhiyong Li Lining Arnold Ju | 2021 | Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics2021，18，1： | 0 |
| 3 | Movable typing of full-lumen personalized Vein-Chips to model cerebral venous sinus thrombosis显示文摘Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)is a type of stroke associated with COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.The precise etiology of CVST often remains elusive due to the highly heterogeneous nature of its governing mechanisms,specifically,Virchow’s triad that involves altered blood flow,endothelial dysfunction,and hypercoagulability,which varies substantially amongst individuals.Existing diagnostic and monitoring approaches lack the capability to reflect the combination of these patient-specific thrombotic determinants.In response to this challenge,we introduce a Vein-Chip platform that recapitulates the CVST vascular anatomy from magnetic resonance venography and the associated hemodynamic flow profile using the“Chinese Movable Type-like”soft stereolithography technique.The resultant full-lumen personalized Vein-Chips,functionalized with endothelial cells,enable in-vitro thrombosis assays that can elucidate distinct thrombogenic scenarios between normal vascular conditions and those of endothelial dysfunction.The former displayed minimal platelet aggregation and negligible fibrin deposition,while the latter presented significant fibrin extrusion from platelet aggregations.The low-cost movable typing technique further enhances the potential for commercialization and broader utilization of personalized Vein-Chips in surgical labs and at-home monitoring.Future research and development in this direction will pave the way for improved management and prevention of CVST,ultimately benefiting both patients and healthcare systems. | Yunduo Charles Zhao Yingqi Zhang Arian Nasser Tianbo Hong Zihao Wang Allan Sun Laura Moldovan Leon S Edwards Freda Passam Ken S Butcher Timothy Ang Lining Arnold Ju | 2023 | Aggregate2023，4，6： | 0 |
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