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| 1 | Influence of phase and microstructure on the rate of hydrochloric acid leaching in pretreated Panzhihua ilmenite显示文摘The present study investigated the influence of high temperature oxidation and reduction pretreatments on the leaching rate of Panzhihua ilmenite.The as-pretreated ilmenite was leached with 20%HCl at 105℃.The leaching process was controlled by the phases and microstructures that evolved during the pretreatment processes.The leaching kinetics of pure hematite,ilmenite and pseudobrookite were characterized to clarify the phase effect on the iron-leaching rate;the rate of iron leaching occurs in the following order in the HCl solution:hematite(ferric iron) > ilmenite(ferrous iron)>>pseudobrookite(ferric iron).Therefore,the often-cited notion that ferrous iron dissolves faster in HCl solutions than ferric iron when explaining the pretreatment effects is inaccurate.Moreover,the oxidation pretreatment(at 600-1000℃ for 4 h)cannot destroy the dense structure of the Panzhihua ilmenite.Therefore,the influence exerted by the oxidation on the leaching process is primarily determined by the phase change;oxidation at 600 and 700℃slightly increased the rate of iron leaching because the ilmenite was transformed into hematite,while the oxidation at 900-1000℃ significantly reduced the rate of iron leaching because a pseudobrookite phase formed.The reduction effect was subsequently investigated;the as-oxidized ilmenite was reduced under H_2 at 750℃ for 30 min.The reduction significantly accelerated the rate of subsequent iron leaching such that nearly all of the iron had dissolved after leaching for 2h in 20%HCl at 105℃.This enhanced iron-leaching rate is mainly attributed to the cracks and holes that formed during the reduction process. | Qingshan Zhu Jianbo Zhang Hongzhong Li | 2014 | Particuology2014，12，3： | 11 |
| 2 | A new drag model for TFM simulation of gas-solid bubbling fluidized beds with Geldart-B particles显示文摘In this work,a new drag model for TFM simulation in gas-solid bubbling fluidized beds was proposed,and a set of equations was derived to determine the meso-scale structural parameters to calculate the drag characteristics of Geldart-B particles under low gas velocities.In the new model,the meso-scale structure was characterized while accounting for the bubble and meso-scale structure effects on the drag coefficient.The Fluent software,incorporating the new drag model,was used to simulate the fluidization behavior.Experiments were performed in a Plexiglas cylindrical fluidized bed consisting of quartz sand as the solid phase and ambient air as the gas phase.Comparisons based on the solids hold-up inside the fluidized bed at different superficial gas velocities,were made between the 2D Cartesian simulations,and the experimental data,showing that the results of the new drag model reached much better agreement with experimental data than those of the Gidaspow drag model did. | Yingce Wang Zheng Zou Hongzhong Li Qingshan Zhu | 2014 | Particuology2014，12，4： | 8 |
| 3 | Direct reduction of hematite powders in a fluidized bed reactor显示文摘Ultrafine hematite powder was reduced to produce ultrafine iron powder in a 50%Ar-50%H_2 atmosphere at 450-550℃ in a fluidized bed reactor.The ultrafine hematite powder shows the typical agglomerating fluidization behavior with large agglomerates fluidized at the bottom of the bed and small agglomerates fluidized at the upper part of the bed.It was found that defluidization occurred even at the low temperature of 450℃ with low metallization rate.Defluidization was attributed mainly to the sintering of the newly formed iron particles.Granuation was employed to improve the fluidization quality and to tackle the defluidization problem,where granules fluidized like a Geldart's group A powder.Granulation was found to effectively reduce defluidization during reduction,without however sacrificing reduction speed.The asreduced iron powders from both the ultrafine and the granulated hematite exhibited excellent sintering activity,that is,fast sintering at temperature of as low as^580σ_(RR)~2),which is much superior as compared to that of nano/ultrafine iron powders made by other processes. | Qingshan Zhu Rongfang Wua Hongzhong Li | 2013 | Particuology2013，11，3： | 8 |
| 4 | Progress of the satellite laser ranging system TROS1000显示文摘The mobile satellite laser ranging system TROS1000, successfully developed in 2010, achieves a high repetition rate and enables daytime laser ranging. Its measurement range has reached up to 36000 km with an accuracy as precise as 1 cm. Using recent observations in Wuhan, Jiufeng, Xianning, and Rongcheng, Shandong, we introduce the progress made using this mobile observation system. | Guo Tangyong Wang Peiyuan Li Xin Zhu Wei Zou Tong Li Shipeng Luo Qingshan | 2015 | Geodesy and Geodynamics2015，6，1： | 7 |
| 5 | CFD study on double-to single-loop flow pattern transition and its influence on macro mixing efficiency in fully baffled tank stirred by a Rushton turbine显示文摘For a fully baffled tank stirred by a Rushton turbine (RT), the flow pattern will change from double- to single-loop as the off bottom clearance (C) of the RT decreases from one third of the tank diameter. Such a flow pattern transition as well as its influence on the macro mixing efficiency was investigated via CFD simulation. The transient sliding mesh approach coupled with the standard k-s turbulence model could correctly and efficiently reproduce the reported critical C range where the flow pattern changes. Simulation results indicated that such a critical C range varied hardly with the impeller rotation speed but decreased significantly with increasing impeller diameter. Small RTs are preferable to generating the single-loop flow pattern. A mechanism of the flow pattern transition was further proposed to explain these phe no mena. The discharge stream from the RT deviates down wards from the horizontal direction for small C values;if it meets the tank wall first, the double-loop will form;if it hits the tank bottom first, the single-loop will form. With the flow pattern transition, the mixing time decreased by about 35% at the same power input (P), indicating that the single-loop flow pattern was more efficient than the double-loop to enhance the macro mixing in the tank. A comparison was further made between the single-loop RT and pitched blade turbine (PBT, 45°) from macro mixing perspective. The single-loop RT was found to be less efficient than the PBT and usually required 60% more time to achieve the same level of macro mixing at the same P. | Quanhong Zhu Hang Xiao Aqiang Chen Shujun Geng Qingshan Huang | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2019，27，5： | 6 |
| 6 | Experimental study on interaction between membrane structures and wind environment显示文摘The interaction between membrane structures and their environment can be either static or dynamic. Static interaction refers to interaction with static air, while dynamic interaction refers to wind and its effects. They can be evaluated by two parameters, added mass and radiation /aerodynamic damping, which are experimentally investigated in this study. The study includes the effects of both the static and dynamic interaction on structural dynamic characteristics, and the relationship between the interaction parameters and the covered area of a membrane structure for the static interaction and the relationship between the interaction parameters and wind direction and speed for the dynamic interaction. Experimental data show that the dynamic interaction is strongly correlated with the structural modes, i.e., the interaction of the symmetric modes is much larger than the anti-symmetric modes; and the influence of the dynamic interaction is significant in wind-induced response analysis and cannot be ignored. In addition, it is concluded that the structural natural frequency is remarkably decreased by this interaction, and the frequency band is significantly broadened. | Yang Qingshan Wu Yue Zhu Weiliang | 2010 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2010，9，4： | 6 |
| 7 | Preparation of nano-sized tungsten carbide via fluidized bed显示文摘Ultrafine or nano-sized of tungsten carbide(WC)is the key material to prepare ultrafine grained cemented carbides.In this paper,nano-sized WC powders were directly prepared by using industrial nano-needle violet tungsten oxide(WO2.72)as the raw material,a fluidized bed as the reactor,and CO as the carbonization gas.The relationship between particle sizes and reaction temperatures,residence times,atmospheres has been investigated systematically.In addition,the physical–chemical indexes(such as residual oxygen,total carbon and free carbon)of the products were measured.The results indicated that the particle size of WC increased with the increase of temperature from 800 to 950°C.As the residence time increased,the particle size decreased gradually,and then increased due to slight sintering.The introduction of hydrogen reduced the carbonization rate,and is not beneficial to obtaining nano-sized WC.Products that satisfy the standard were obtained when WO2.72 reacted with CO at 850°C,900°C and 950°C for 3.0 h,2.5 h and 2.0 h,respectively.The particle sizes of the three samples calculated from the specific surface area were 46.4 nm,53.2 nm and 52.1 nm,respectively. | Feng Pan Zhan Du Shaofu Li Jun Li Meiju Zhang Maoqiao Xiang Qingshan Zhu | 2020 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2020，28，3： | 4 |
| 8 | Behavior of mixed ZnO and SiO_2 nano-particles in magnetic field assisted fluidization显示文摘The fluidization behavior of ZnO nano-particles in magnetic fluidized bed (MFB) by adding coarse magnetic particles was investigated, followed by the co-fluidization of mixtures of ZnO and SiO2 nano-particles. For such co-fluidization, bed expansion was found to change smoothly with gas velocity through a range of stable operation. By measuring the bed expansion ratio and pressure drop, a stability diagram for the mixture in MFB was obtained. Within this stable operation range, with increasing gas velocity the pressure drop hardly changes as the bed expands, up to an expansion ratio of more than 4. | Ping Zeng Yao Zhou Guanqun Chen Qingshan Zhu | 2007 | China Particuology2007，5，1： | 4 |
| 9 | Carbon deposition and catalytic deactivation during CO_2 reforming of CH_4 over Co/MgO catalyst显示文摘The deactivation mechanism of Co/MgO catalyst for the reforming of methane with carbon dioxide was investigated. The conversion of CH4 displayed a significant decrease in the initial stage caused by carbon deposition.There were two types of cokes, carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and carbon nano-onions(CNOs). The number of the CNO layers that coated on the surface of Co nanoparticles(NPs) increased rapidly in the initial reforming time,which was responsible for the deactivation of the Co/MgO catalyst. The deposition of CNOs was attributed to the oxidation of Co NPs. Therefore, the deactivation of the Co/MgO catalyst was originated from the first oxidization of the Co NPs into Co3 O4 by O species(OH intermediate, CO_2, H2 O) during the reforming reaction,which accelerates the formation of coke that blocked the active metal, thus led to catalyst deactivation. | Jianwei Li Jun Li Qingshan Zhu | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2018，26，11： | 4 |
| 10 | A two-stage reduction process for the production of high-purity ultrafine Ni particles in a micro-fluidized bed reactor显示文摘A novel two-stage reduction process for synthesis of ultrafine nickel powder with a high purity and low density in a fluidized bed reactor has been developed in this work.The raw ultrafine NiO particles are first pre-reduced using hydrogen at lower temperatures(340-400 ℃),followed by further reduction at higher temperatures(500-600 ℃).The self-agglomeration of Ni particles formed during low-temperature reduction decreases the sintering activity of the newly formed ultrafine Ni particles,leading to good fluidization quality,even for the subsequent high-temperature reduction process.The agglomerated Ni particles have a high Ni content(above 99wt%),a low density(0.78 g/cm^3) and a uniform particle size(approximately 100μm).A concept design for a novel two-stage fluidized bed reactor process used to produce high-purity Ni powder was also proposed.This approach may be extended to the synthesis of other ultrafine/nanosized metals or metal oxides through a fluidization method. | Jun Li Xinwei Liu Li Zhou Qingshan Zhu Hongzhong Li | 2015 | Particuology2015，13，2： | 4 |
| 11 | Hydrodynamic behavior of magnetized fluidized beds with admixtures of Geldart-B magnetizable and nonmagnetizable particles显示文摘 | Quanhong Zhu Hongzhong Li Qingshan Zhu Jun Li Zheng Zou | 2016 | Particuology2016，14，6： | 4 |
| 12 | High-purity, low-Cl V2O5 via the gaseous hydrolysis of VOCl3 in a fluidized bed显示文摘Present-day all-vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)generally require high purity vanadium oxide as a raw ingredient.The chlorination procedure presents distinct technical advantages with regard to preparing high purity vanadium pentoxide(V2O5)using vanadium oxytrichloride(VOCl3)as a highly pure intermediate.To efficiently prepare high purity V2Os from VOCl3,a single-step fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition(FBCVD)method was explored in the present work.Based on thermodynamic analyses,the direct and complete conversion of VOCl3 to V2O5 is difficult,and may result in a small amount of residual Cl in the product.Consequently,the effects of temperature and the H2O/VOCl3 molar ratio on the quantity of residual Cl were assessed.The Cl concentration was found to decrease with increasing temperature or increasing H2O/VOCl3 molar ratios.Additionally,Cl was determined to be present only in the form of Cl-V bonds,while Cl-H and Cl-Cl bonds were not detected in a V2O5 product made at 200℃with a H2O/VOCl3 molar ratio of 18.A Cl concentration of less than 0.05 wt%was obtained under the optimal synthesis conditions,demonstrating that the FBCVD method is a viable means of preparing high purity V2O5 via the gaseous hydrolysis of VOCl3. | Chuanlin Fan Jie Xu Haitao Yang Qingshan Zhu | 2020 | Particuology2020，18，2： | 2 |
| 13 | Nanostructured Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis显示文摘 | Wa Gao Qingshan Zhu Ding Ma | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry2018，36，9： | 2 |
| 14 | Numerical analysis of residence time distribution of solids in a bubbling fluidized bed based on the modified structure-based drag model显示文摘 | Zheng Zou Yunlong Zhao Hu Zhao Hongzhong Li Qingshan Zhu Zhaohui Xie Yingbo Li | 2017 | Particuology2017，15，3： | 2 |
| 15 | Sucrose pyrolysis assembling carbon nanotubes on graphite felt using for vanadium redox flow battery positive electrode显示文摘In the present paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) are successfully assembled on graphite felt(GF) using sucrose pyrolysis method for the first time. The in situ formed pyrolytic carbon is chosen as the binder because it is essentially carbon materials as well as CNTs and GF which has a natural tendency to achieve high bonding strength and low contact resistance. The MWCNTs/GF electrode is demonstrated to increase surface area, reduce polarization, lower charge transfer resistance and improve energy conversion efficiency comparing with GF. This excellent electrochemical performance is mainly ascribed to the high electro-catalytic activity of MWCNTs and increasing surface area. | Haitao Yang Chuanlin Fan Qingshan Zhu | 2018 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2018，27，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Cyclical helping hands: seasonal tailwinds differentially affect migrating Oriental Storks (Ciconia boyciana) travel speed显示文摘Background:The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)breeds in southeastern Siberia and parts of northeast China,and winters mainly in southeast China.Although the autumn migration pattern of Oriental Storks has been previ-ously described,differences between spring and autumn migration travel speed in relation to wind assistance were unknown.Methods:Using GPS/GSM transmitters,we tracked the full migrations of 18 Oriental Storks during 2015-2018 to compare differences in autumn and spring migration patterns,and combined the satellite telemetry data with the National Center for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis data to explain the relationship between 850 mbar wind vec-tors and seasonal differences in travel speed.Results:Differences in tailwinds contributed to significant differences in daily average Oriental Storks travel speed in spring(258.11±64.8 km/day)compared to autumn(172.23±49.7 km/day,p<0.001).Storks stopped significantly more often in autumn than spring(1.78±1.1 versus 1.06±0.9,p<0.05),but stopover duration(15.52±12.4 versus 16.30±15.1 days,respectively,p=0.3)did not differ significantly.Tailwinds at 850 mbar pressure level(extracted from the National Center of Environmental Prediction Reanalysis data archive)significantly affected daily flying speed dur-ing spring and autumn migration.Tailwind conditions in spring(mean 4.40±5.6 m/s)were always more favourable than in autumn when they received no net benefit(0.48±5.6 m/s,p<0.001).Despite mean spring migration dura-tion being less than autumn(27.52±15.9 versus 32.77±13.4 days,p=0.17),large individual variation meant that this duration did not differ significantly from each other.Conclusions:For long distance migratory soaring birds(such as storks),relative duration of spring and autumn migration likely relates to the interaction between imperative for earliest arrival to breeding grounds and seasonal meteorological conditions experienced en route. | Shujuan Fan Qingshan Zhao Hongbin Li Baoguang Zhu Shubin Dong Yanbo Xie Lei Cao Anthony David Fox | 2020 | Avian Research2020，11，2： | 2 |
| 17 | SPM-IS: An auto-algorithm to acquire a mature soybean phenotype based on instance segmentation显示文摘Mature soybean phenotyping is an important process in soybean breeding;however, the manual process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, a novel approach that is rapid, accurate and highly precise is required to obtain the phenotypic data of soybean stems, pods and seeds. In this research, we propose a mature soybean phenotype measurement algorithm called Soybean Phenotype Measure-instance Segmentation(SPM-IS). SPM-IS is based on a feature pyramid network, Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and instance segmentation. We also propose a new method that uses PCA to locate and measure the length and width of a target object via image instance segmentation. After 60,000 iterations, the maximum mean Average Precision(m AP) of the mask and box was able to reach 95.7%. The correlation coefficients R^(2) of the manual measurement and SPM-IS measurement of the pod length, pod width, stem length, complete main stem length, seed length and seed width were 0.9755, 0.9872, 0.9692, 0.9803,0.9656, and 0.9716, respectively. The correlation coefficients R^(2) of the manual counting and SPM-IS counting of pods, stems and seeds were 0.9733, 0.9872, and 0.9851, respectively. The above results show that SPM-IS is a robust measurement and counting algorithm that can reduce labor intensity, improve efficiency and speed up the soybean breeding process. | Shuai Li Zhuangzhuang Yan Yixin Guo Xiaoyan Su Yangyang Cao Bofeng Jiang Fei Yang Zhanguo Zhang Dawei Xin Qingshan Chen Rongsheng Zhu | 2022 | The Crop Journal2022，10，5： | 2 |
| 18 | 显示文摘 | Hu Chaoquan Zhu Qingshan Jiang Zheng | 2008 | Microporous and Mesoporous Materials2008，113，13： | 1 |
| 19 | One- pot synthesis and hierarchical assembly of hollow Cu2O microspheres with nanoerystals-composed porous muhishell and their gas-sensing properties 显示文摘 | Zhang Huigang Zhu Qingshan Zhang Yang | 2007 | Adv Funet Mater2007，17，15： | 1 |
| 20 | Preface显示文摘This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1–3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organ- | Yulong Ding Qingshan Zhu | 2008 | Particuology2008，6，1： | 1 |
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