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| 1 | 燕辽生物群和燕山运动显示文摘燕辽生物群和热河生物群是以我国燕辽地区为核心的两个中生代中晚期特异埋藏生物群,关系到哺乳动物的早期演化,最早的带毛恐龙,鸟类起源,被子植物起源,寄生昆虫等重大科学问题,引起科学界广泛关注。这两个生物群时代相差较远,代表分子差异很大。目前,研究者对燕辽生物群地层划分意见分歧很大,主要争论为内蒙宁城道虎沟化石层和辽宁建昌玲珑塔化石层的关系,将二者分别归入中侏罗统海房沟/九龙山组和中晚侏罗统髫髻山组,或均归入髫髻山组,这一分歧造成地层划分对比和生物演化序列的极大混乱,从未得到有效解决。本文结合近年来本地区同位素年代学、岩石地层学和生物地层学新进展,对上述地层划分提出新建议。结合前辈地质学家的基本思想对燕山运动的构造幕进行新的理解,并划分为序幕(即绪动期)约为168 Ma,第一幕(即火山幕)约为163.5 Ma,第二幕(即主动幕)约为135 Ma。其中序幕对燕辽生物群的形成至关重要,而第一幕导致其发生重大转变。道虎沟化石层的底砾岩角度不整合于前寒武系变质岩之上,这个界面代表燕山运动的绪动,在燕辽地区表现为砾石沉积,地壳垂直升降与小规模火山喷发,形成了一系列山间盆地,伴生了燕辽生物群的早期组合,如道虎沟生物群,以燕辽划蝽-'滦平真叶肢介'-费尔干蚌-初螈为代表,为中侏罗世中晚期。道虎沟化石层顶部的凝灰岩受到显著剥蚀,呈明显的角度不整合下伏于一套角砾岩之下,此不整合面代表燕山运动第一幕,造成一系列深度的北东向断裂,引发大规模岩浆侵入及髫髻山期火山喷发。燕辽生物群的早期群落随之瓦解并迅速扩散演化,且在燕辽地区发展形成燕辽生物群晚期组合,如玲珑塔生物群,以柴达木叶肢介-额尔古纳蚌-古鳕为代表,为晚侏罗世早期,与道虎沟生物群明显不同但存在广泛联系。京西九龙山-髫髻山组之下的不整合面和辽西海房沟组之下的不整合面不能对比,且髫髻山期大规模火山活动前存在两个重要的燕山期构造运动。过去的观点认为道虎沟化石层相当于九龙山组或在九龙山组之上,本文根据京西九龙山组是燕山运动第一幕之后的产物,而以道虎沟化石层为代表的海房沟组在其之前的基本观点,认为二者不能对比且是上下关系。燕山运动的第二幕发生于土城子组和张家口-大北沟组或义县组之间,从而造就了著名的热河生物群,它与燕辽生物群的过渡存在于土城子组。 | 黄迪颖 | 2015 | 古生物学报2015，54，4： | 34 |
| 2 | Radiometric Dating of Ignimbrite from Inner Mongolia Provides no Indication of a Post-Middle Jurassic Age for the Daohugou Beds显示文摘Lacustrine deposits exposed at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China, have yielded superbly preserved vertebrate fossils. The fossil beds were first misinterpreted as of Early Cretaceous age, based on alleged occurrences of key fossils of the Jehol Biota. Compelling evidence revealed by more rigorous research involving regional biostratigraphy, radiometric dating, and paleontology supports the Middle Jurassic age of the fossil beds. Despite the awesome evidence for the Middle Jurassic age of the Daohugou beds, the age dispute has been resurrected recently by invoking an overturned stratigraphic sequence. A careful review of the data, however, found no evidence that this sequence has been overturned. In addition, many of the assumptions, on which the conjecture of the fossil beds being post- Middle Jurassic is imprudently based, are self-contradictory or otherwise misleading. Thus, the post- Middle Jurassic age of the Daohugou beds as an unfounded conclusion can readily be dismissed. | GAO Ke-Qin REN Dong | 2006 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2006，80，1： | 30 |
| 3 | 再论道虎沟生物群的时代显示文摘内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区的晚中生代地层十分发育,产状平缓,主要为一套产有丰富动、植物化石的凝灰质泥岩和粉砂岩,并夹有数层火山岩。从区域上来看,在西台子一带主要为早白垩世义县组的地层,产有丰富的热河生物群的化石,常见者有鱼类Lycoptera davidi,Peipiaosteus pani,Yanosteus longidorsalis,Protopsephurus liui和鸟类Confuciusornis sanctus;但在道虎沟—小西沟一带主要为中—晚侏罗世髫髻山组的地层,产有丰富的道虎沟生物群的化石,常见者有蝾螈Jeholotriton paradoxus和Chunerpeton tianyiensis,翼龙Jeholopterus ningchengensis和Pterorhynchus wellnhoferi,手盗龙类Scansoriopteryx heilmanni和(?)Pedopennadao hugouensis[本文对Xu等(2005)描述的道虎沟足羽龙(Pedopenna daohugouensis)的原始产地存有疑义],昆虫Meso baetis sibirica,Mesone taantiqua,Rhipidoblattina(Cana liblatta)hebeiensis,Brunneus haifanggouensis,Palaeontinodes haifanggouensis等,叶肢介Euestheria ziliujingensis,E.haifanggouensis,E.jingyuanensis和E.luanpingensis,植物Cladophlebis(Osmunda?)sp.,Anomozamites angulatus,A.(Trymia?) sp.,Cycadolepissp.,Ginkgoites sp.,Pityospermus sp.,Pityocladussp.,Zamites gigas,Yanliaoia sinensis和Coniopteris burejensis等。根据区域地质构造、地层分布、生物群特征和地质年代学资料分析,笔者确信道虎沟生物群的时代为中—晚侏罗世(卡洛夫阶—牛津阶),根本不可能将其归于早白垩世热河生物群。 | 季强 柳永清 陈文 姬书安 吕君昌 尤海鲁 袁崇喜 | 2005 | 地质论评2005，51，6： | 22 |
| 4 | 辽西早白垩世九佛堂组两种新的翼手龙类化石(英文)显示文摘简要报道了辽西热河群上部九佛堂组两件新的翼手龙类化石 ,即夜翼龙科(Nyctosauridae)的张氏朝阳翼龙 (新属、新种 )Chaoyangopteruszhangigen .etsp .nov.和古魔翼龙科 (Anhangueridae)的顾氏辽宁翼龙 (新属、新种 )Liaoningopterusguigen .et.sp .nov.。前者为保存较完整的化石骨架 ,后者为一大型翼龙的头骨和部分头后骨骼化石。朝阳翼龙是夜翼龙科在亚洲大陆的首次确切的化石记录 ,也是层位最低和保存最完整的化石骨架。朝阳翼龙具有4节翼指骨 ,手指爪粗大弯曲 ,这些发现补充和修正了前人认为的夜翼龙科只有 3节翼指骨 ,手指爪退化缺失等一些重要的形态学特征。朝阳翼龙与该科的Nyctosaurusgracilis头后骨骼相比 ,具有许多不同的特征 ,如胫骨特长 ,远长于股骨 ,翼掌骨和第 1翼指骨相对较短 ,肩胛骨短于乌喙骨等。辽宁翼龙是我国已发现的个体最大的翼龙化石 ,发育前上颌骨和齿骨弧形脊突这一古魔翼龙科的重要鉴别特征。与该科的其他成员相比 ,辽宁翼龙上、下颌的牙齿较少 ,仅分布在其前部 ,齿列约占上、下颌长度的 1 / 2。上颌第 1、3齿小 ,第 2、4齿巨大 ,其中第 4齿最大 ,为已知翼龙中最大的牙齿。牙齿具有明显的替换现象。夜翼龙科的成员仅分布于美洲大陆的晚白垩世地层中 。 | 汪筱林 周忠和 | 2003 | 古脊椎动物学报2003，41，1： | 18 |
| 5 | 内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区中侏罗世非海相双壳类Ferganoconcha显示文摘Ferganoconcha是广泛分布于我国北部、中亚、西伯利亚和乌拉尔地区下、中侏罗统的一类非海相双壳类。Ferganoconchasibirica的产出表明道虎沟地区道虎沟层与辽西地区的海房沟组和冀北地区的九龙山组层位相当,时代介于早侏罗世晚期至中侏罗世之间。结合昆虫和叶肢介化石反映的时代,认为道虎沟层的时代可能为中侏罗世早中期。综合近年来在Ferganoconchidae的分类方面取得的进展,对F.sibirica进行了重新厘定。 | 姜宝玉 | 2006 | 古生物学报2006，45，2： | 13 |
| 6 | A New Non-Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from Qinglong County,Hebei Province of China显示文摘一条新基础 non-pterodactyloid 翼龙, Changchengopterus 平底锅 i 情报。et sp。nov,被树立,根据一根将近完全的柱子头部的骨骼。新税在上被 prezygapophyses, postzygapophyses 和尾的 vertebrae 的血液的拱门的相对短的延期区分;有一个代用品的一根肱骨三角形的 deltopectoral 冠;在下列顺序在长度减少的手足元素:ulna> 翅膀指骨 2 >
翅膀指骨 3 = 翅膀指骨 1 >humerus >tibia>femur>wing-metacarpal。种系发生的分析建议 Changchengopterus 比到另外的 rhamphorhychoids 与 Dorygnathus 有关仔细是 rhamphorhynchoids,和更多的一个基础成员。忍受 Changchengopterus 沉积的地质的年龄不比迟了的侏罗记的结束是后者,它是可能的中间的侏罗记。 | Lǔ Junchang | 2009 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2009，83，2： | 11 |
| 7 | 内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区首次发现中侏罗世蝌蚪化石显示文摘中国中生代的两栖类化石十分稀少,已报道的有尾两栖类仅见产于河北丰宁县凤山炮樟沟晚侏罗世的东方塘螈(Laccotriton subsolanus)、凤山中华螈(Sinerpeton fengshanensis)、辽宁葫芦岛市水口子早白垩世的钟健辽西螈(Liaoxitriton zhongjiani)、内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区中侏罗世的天义初螈(Chunerpeton tianyiensis)和奇异热河螈(Jeholotriton paradoxus),以及辽西早白垩世热河生物群中的无尾两栖类葛氏辽蟾(Liaobatrachus grabaui)、三燕丽蟾(Callobatrachus sanyanensis)北票中蟾(Mesophryne beipiaoensis)。本文记述了一件采自内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区中侏罗世的蝌蚪化石,这在中国乃至亚洲尚属首次报道,不仅填补了中国中侏罗世无尾两栖类化石分布的空白,而且进一步丰富了燕辽生物群的内容,对早期蛙类的地理分布、形态发生、生存环境等研究具有重要的科学价值。 | 袁崇喜 张鸿斌 李明 季鑫鑫 | 2004 | 地质学报2004，78，2： | 11 |
| 8 | A New Ornithocheirid from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China显示文摘Based on a nearly complete skeleton with skull from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ornithocheirid pterosaur: Boreopterus cuiae gen. et sp. nov. is erected. Boreopterus cuiae is different from other pterosaurs preserved with skulls known from the western liaoning Province and its neighboring areas. This new pterosaur has more and larger teeth than those in other ornithocheirids. Its anterior nine pairs of teeth are larger than other teeth. The fourth pair of upper and lower teeth are slightly larger than the third pair. Overall, Boreopterus cuiae shows much small range of tooth size variation than Anhanguera piscator and Coloborhynchus robustus. The new taxon shares with other ornithocherids in having a relatively large size of the third and fourth pairs of teeth. | LUEJunchang JIQiang | 2005 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2005，79，2： | 11 |
| 9 | Vertebrate radiations of the Jehol Biota and their environmental background显示文摘 | ZHOUZhonghe | 2004 | Chinese Science Bulletin2004，49，8： | 8 |
| 10 | The Insect Oviposition Firstly Discovered on the Middle Jurassic Ginkgoales Leaf from Inner Mongolia, China显示文摘尽管植物机关上的昆虫 oviposition 的证据被报导了从对晚古生代中新世,从中间的侏罗记的记录仍然是空白的。这份报纸第一次从中间的侏罗记在植物叶上报导昆虫 oviposition 的一条重要证据。ovipositional 疤从内部蒙古的中间的侏罗记 Daohugou 形成在 Sphenobaiera 叶(Ginkgoales ) 的离开轴心的表面上被散布,中国。新 ichnospecies Paleoovoidus venustus sp。nov。被描述。疤对椭圆形卵形,在在叶静脉之间的纵的排约定了几乎常规距离,与它到叶脉络的长轴 paralleling。这发现补充说到 Odonata 可能生产的昆虫 endophytic oviposition 的形态学的新信息在一个陆上的生态系统存在 165 妈以前。新材料也为昆虫的学习提供重要数据繁殖生物学,植物昆虫相互作用和 coevolution,以及理解古气候和 palaeoenvironment 在此期间在东北中国。 | NA Yuling SUN Chunlin LI Tao LI Yunfeng | 2014 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2014，88，1： | 7 |
| 11 | 辽西义县组发现一新的翼手龙类化石显示文摘根据产自中国辽宁省西部早白垩世义县组上部、具有不完整头骨的翼手龙类骨架确立一新属新种: 李氏始无齿翼龙Eopteranodon lii(gen.et sp.nov.)。从它窄长的头骨且其上、下颌尖长而没有牙齿,短的颈椎椎体上来看,显示了该翼龙与无齿翼龙类相似。始无齿翼龙的肱骨没有像其他无齿翼龙类那样具有弯曲的肱骨三角嵴, 而且几乎所有的无齿翼龙类均个体较大。始无齿翼龙的个体较小,两翼展宽约为1.1 m左右。腕骨没有愈合,肱骨三角嵴较平直以及第Ⅳ翼掌骨稍微长于尺骨显示了它的原始性,它代表一新的、较原始的、类似无齿翼龙的翼手龙类。 | 吕君昌 张宝堃 | 2005 | 地质论评2005，51，4： | 7 |
| 12 | 从新的古生物学及今生物学资料看羽毛的起源与早期演化(英文)显示文摘近年来关于羽毛和羽状皮肤衍生物的研究极大促进了我们对羽毛起源与早期演化的理解。结合最新的古生物学与今生物学资料,对一些保存了皮肤衍生物的非鸟恐龙标本进行观察研究,为这个重要的进化问题提供了新见解。推测羽毛的演化在鸟类起源之前就以下列顺序完成了5个主要的形态发生事件:1)丝状和管状结构的出现;2)羽囊及羽枝脊形成;3)羽轴的发生;4)羽平面的形成;5)羽状羽小支的产生。这些演化事件形成了多种曾存在于各类非鸟初龙类中的羽毛形态,但这些形态在鸟类演化过程中可能退化或丢失了;这些演化事件也产生了一些近似现代羽毛或者与现代羽毛完全相同的羽毛形态。非鸟恐龙身上的羽毛有一些现代羽毛具有的独特特征,但也有一些现生鸟羽没有的特征。尽管一些基于发育学资料建立的有关鸟类羽毛起源和早期演化的模型推测羽毛的起源是一个全新的演化事件,与爬行动物的鳞片无关,我们认为用来定义现代鸟羽的特征应该是逐步演化产生的,而不是突然出现。因此,对于羽毛演化而言,一个兼具逐步变化与完全创新的模型较为合理。从目前的证据推断,最早的羽毛既不是用来飞行也不是用来保暖,各种其他假说皆有可能,其中包括展示或者散热假说。展开整合性的研究有望为羽毛的起源问题提供更多思路。 | 徐星 郭昱 | 2009 | 古脊椎动物学报2009，47，4： | 7 |
| 13 | Stratigraphy and Geochronology of Vertebrate Fossil-Bearing Jurassic Strata from Linglongta,Jianchang County,Western Liaoning,Northeastern China显示文摘Northeastern China contains widely distributed Jurassic terrestrial strata that have yielded many spectacular mammal and pterosaur fossils, in addition to feathered dinosaur fossils and more recent discoveries from Jianchang, particularly from western Liaoning. However, the fossil-bearing stratigraphic succession, regional correlation, and age estimates of the fossils found in Jianchang County and nearby areas have been contentious. Here, we report on the vertebrate fossil-bearing Jurassic stratigraphy from Linglongta, Jianchang County, western Liaoning, including a SHRIMP U-Pb zircon date unambiguously associated with the fossil horizons. The primary goal was to determine the vertebrate fossil-bearing succession. A further aim was to provide age estimations for the fossil-bearing horizon as well as the earliest appearance of feathered dinosaurs, the eutherian-placental clade, and transitional pterosaurs. Field investigations showed that the vertebrate fossil-bearing stratigraphic succession in Jianchang County mainly consists of basal andesites overlain by rhythmic tuffs and tuffaceous lacustrine sediments, with the upper intermediate or acidic lavas interbedded with laminated more or less tuffaceous lacustrine deposits. This sequence correlates well with the Middle Jurassic Lanqi/Tiaojishan Formation in northeastern China. Detailed and accurate field observations showed that the well-preserved vertebrate fossils were buried in either the middle or the upper fine-grained laminated lacustrine deposits. Previous and current SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dates provide an age estimation of 161-159 Myr for the fossil-bearing horizon and vertebrates. This indicates that the earliest appearance of feathered dinosaurs here was more than 159 Myr ago and unquestionably older than Archaeopteryx from Germany, making these the earliest known feathered dinosaurs in the world. Furthermore, the eutherian-placental clade and the known transitional pterosaurs first emerged no later than 161 Myr. The vertebrate assemblage unearthed recently from Linglongta and neighboring areas in Jianchang County belongs to the Daohugou Biota. In addition to feathered dinosaurs, this biota was characterized by mammals, primitive pterosaurs, insects, and plants and was present in Inner Mongolia, western Liaoning, and northern Hebei in northeastern China during the Middle-Late Jurassic. | PENG Nan LIU Yongqing KUANG Hongwei JIANG Xiaojun XU Huan | 2012 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2012，86，6： | 6 |
| 14 | A new pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China and its implications for biostratigraphy显示文摘In this article we describe a new and excep-tionally well-preserved pterodactyloid pterosaur, Sinopterus dongi gen. et sp. nov. from the Jiufotang Formation in west-ern Liaoning Province of northeast China. The new species is referred to the family Tapejaridae, representing its first re-cord outside Brazil. It also represents the earliest occurrence as well as the most complete skeleton of the family. Some revisions are made about the family according to the mor-phological observations of the postcranial bones of Sinop-terus. Two pterosaur assemblages appear to have existed in the Jehol Group, represented by the lower Yixian Formation and upper Jiufotang Formation, respectively. The lower pterosaur assemblage shows some resemblance to that of the Late Jurassic in Solnhofen (Tithonian) by sharing members of the Pterodactylidae and Anurognathidae. The upper one shows more resemblance to that of the Early Cretaceous Santana Formation (Aptian/Albian) by comprising only pterodactyloids such as the Tapejaridae. The age of the Yixian Formation is younger than that of the Solnhofen lithographic limestone, and the age of the Jiufotang Forma-tion (Aptian) is slightly older than the Santana Formation. | WANG Xiaolin & ZHOU Zhonghe Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China Correspondence should be addressed to Wang Xiaolin (e-mail: xlinwang @263.net) | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，1： | 6 |
| 15 | Stratigraphy and age of the Daohugou Bed in Ningcheng,Inner Mongolia显示文摘Recent fieldwork has extended the distribution of the Daohugou Bed deposits from the Daohugou Village to its several neighboring areas. The fossil-bearing Daohugou deposits uncomformably overlie complex bedrocks, and com- prise three major parts. The red shales in the lower part were misidentified as belonging to the Tuchengzi Formation. Field excavation has indicated that the shales of upper part of the bed are the major fossil-bearing horizon. Due to strong tectonic activities, sediments were often folded with the se- quences inverted in the region. Some newly recognized con- tacts between the Daohugou Bed and the volcanic rocks showed that the ignimbrite of the Tiaojishan Formation (159―164 Ma) underlies the Daohugou deposits, rather than overlying the latter as previously proposed. Thus, the age of the Daohugou deposits should be younger than the age of the ignimbrite, and thus it was incorrect to correlate the Dao- hugou Bed with the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation. Although biostratigraphic studies based on conchostracans and insects support a Middle Jurassic-early Late Jurassic age for the Daohugou deposits, vertebrate fossils such as Liaoxitriton, Jeholopterus and feathered maniraptorans show much resemblance to those of the Yixian Formation. In other words, despite the absence of Lycoptera, a typical fish of the Jehol Biota, the Daohugou vertebrate assemblage is closer to that of the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota than to any other biota. We propose that the Daohugou fossil assemblage probably represents the earliest evolutionary stage of the Jehol Biota based on both vertebrate biostratigraphy and the sedimentological and volcanic features which suggest the Daohugou deposit belongs to the same cycle of volcanism and sedimentation as the Yixian Formation of the Jehol Group. | WANG Xiaolin ZHOU Zhonghe HE Huaiyu JIN Fan WANG Yuanqing ZHANG Jiangyong WANG Yuan XU Xing ZHANG Fucheng | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，20： | 6 |
| 16 | 记内蒙古宁城道虎沟上侏罗统/下白垩统一具有长肢的蜥蜴(英文)显示文摘道虎沟化石层分布于内蒙古宁城县道虎沟以及毗邻的河北北部和辽宁西部等地,已报道4种有尾类、1个无尾类蝌蚪、1个幼年蜥蜴、3种带原始羽毛的兽脚类恐龙、2种翼龙、3种哺乳动物以及双壳类、叶肢介、昆虫和植物等化石(有学者称之为'前热河生物群')。该层位比热河群义县组低,但地层划分存在争议:中侏罗统九龙山组、上侏罗统道虎沟组和下白垩统热河群均有报道。本文研究的道虎沟蜥蜴是该地点发现的第2个蜥蜴化石,其身体细长,为一幼年个体;前颌骨、顶骨和额骨均成对;上颌骨的面突高;后额骨和后眶骨不愈合;后额骨较大,但可能未进入上颞孔;后眶骨具宽的后突;牙齿小而尖锐,结构简单且可能为侧生;头骨的眶前区较长;具27个荐前椎;虽然未成年但个体较大;未见真皮骨板;手掌和四肢较长。上述特征组合区别于所有现生蜥蜴类,四肢比例也与其他蜥蜴有较大区别。欧美中侏罗世-早白垩世的小盗蜥(Parviraptor)和蒙古早白垩世的一个幼年个体(可能属于壁虎型类)与道虎沟标本比较相似。头骨特征和较大的荐前椎数目显示道虎沟标本可能属于硬舌蜥类(scleroglossan)。但因标本为幼年个体,本文暂将它归入有鳞类属种未定(Squamata gen.et sp.indet.)。测量数据显示,道虎沟标本的手掌和前肢相对较长;该特征常见于适应攀爬的蜥蜴种类,似可显示攀爬习性。但肢体比例可能会随身体增长而发生变化,所以此生活习性并非定论。 | 苏珊·E·埃文斯 王原 | 2009 | 古脊椎动物学报2009，47，1： | 5 |
| 17 | A New Chinese Anurognathid Pterosaur and the Evolution of Pterosaurian Tail Lengths显示文摘A new anurognathid pterosaur specimen from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Qinglong, northern Hebie Province is described. The new specimen is referred to Dendrorhynchoides, based on the general morphology of the skeleton, but it represents a new species, named here as Dendrorhynchoides mutoudengensis sp. nov.. It is characterized by the presence of short, robust and straight teeth, and bearing wing metacarpal approximately 40% of the length of humerus. The new specimen provides further osteological information for anurognathid pterosaurs, especially the presence of a relatively elongate tail. | LÜ Junchang David W.E.HONE | 2012 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2012，86，6： | 5 |
| 18 | Two New Fossil Sawflies(Hymenoptera,Xyelidae,Xyelinae) from the Middle Jurassic of China显示文摘Two new genera with two new species of sawflies,Cathayxyela extensa gen.et sp.nov.and Aequixyela immensa gen.et sp.nov.,from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of southeastern Inner Mongolia,China,are assigned to the subfamily Xyelinae(Hymenoptera,Xyelidae).Cathayxyela gen.nov.can be distinguished by the third antennal article longer than the head; mesoprescutum and mesoscutellum nearly equal in length; the forewing with Sc meeting C before the junction of 1-M and 1-Rs; a weak and narrow pterostigma; and 3-Cu at least 1.5 times longer than the 1m-cu.Aequixyela gen.nov.is characterized by the third antennal article nearly as long as the head; the forewing with Rs+M approximately equal to 2-Rs in length; 2m-cu inclined toward the wing base and nearly reaching the middle of cell 3rm; 1m-cu as long as the 2-Cu and 3-Cu; and the cell 2cua of regular hexagonal shape. | WANG Mei Alexandr P.RASNITSYN REN Dong | 2014 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2014，88，4： | 5 |
| 19 | 达尔文翼龙的发现及其意义显示文摘达尔文翼龙为中等大小的翼龙类,发现于辽宁省建昌县玲珑塔中侏罗世髫髻山组,是目前已知唯一由原始类群(非翼手龙类)向进步类群(翼手龙类)演化的过渡类型。它既具有原始类群的特征:比如尾长,多于20节尾椎椎体,且尾椎椎体由极度加长的、纤细的前后关节突及脉弧所包裹,构成一僵硬的尾部,第五脚趾具有两个长的趾节;又具有进步类群的特征:比如头骨加长,鼻孔和眶前孔愈合为一大的鼻眶前孔,颈椎椎体长,没有或者颈肋退化;翼掌骨与肱骨的比率介于原始类群和进步类群之间。达尔文翼龙的发现具有重要意义,它填补了由原始翼龙类向进步翼龙类演化的空白,为生物宏观演化(模块演化)机制-即组成生物体的模块在短时间内共同演化提供例证。从达尔文翼龙的骨骼结构变化上看,空中丰富的食物来源(比如飞行能力差的、带羽毛的恐龙、滑翔的哺乳动物、小的翼龙及昆虫等),可能为导致翼龙头骨和颈部首先演化的原因之一。达尔文翼龙的发现,有可能打破对翼龙类传统分为两大类的方法。 | 吕君昌 | 2010 | 地球学报2010，31，2： | 4 |
| 20 | On the Systematic Position of Eosipterus yangi Ji et Ji,1997 among Pterodactyloids显示文摘A comparison of the new specimen with the holotype of Eosipterus from western Liaoning Province indicates that Eosipterus is a valid genus,which belongs to the family Ctenochasmatidae.The revised diagnosis of Eosipterus includes the wing span is less than 1.25 meters,the length of the ulna is nearly equal to these of wing phalanx 2 and the tibia,humerus is longer than tibia,and the ratio of metatarsal to tibia is approximately 0.40. | LU Junchang GAO Chunling MENG Qingjin LIU Jinyuan JI Qiang | 2006 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2006，80，5： | 4 |
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