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| 1 | Comparative analysis of astaxanthin and its esters in the mutant E1 of Haematococcus pluvialis and other green algae by HPLC with a C30 column显示文摘A gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using a C30 col-umn was developed for the simultaneous determination of astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoesters and astaxanthin diesters in the green algae Chlorococcum sp., Chlorella zofingiensis, Haematococcus plu-vialis and the mutant E1, which was obtained from the mutagenesis of H. pluvialis by exposure to UV-irradiation and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) with subsequent screening using nicotine. The re-sults showed that the contents of total astaxanthins including free astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters ranged from 1.4 to 30.9 mg/g dry biomass in these green algae. The lower total astaxanthin levels (< 2 mg/g dry biomass) were detected in the green algae Chlorococcum sp. and C. zofingiensis. The higher total astaxanthin levels (>16 mg/g dry biomass) were found in the green alga H. pluvialis and its mutant E1. It is notable that the mutant E1 is found to have considerably higher amounts of total astaxanthin (30.9 mg/g) as compared to the wild strain of H. pluvialis (16.1 mg/g). This indicates that UV-irradiation and EMS compound mutagenesis with subsequent screening using nicotine is an effective method for breeding of a high-producing astaxanthin strain of H. pluvialis. In addition, the green alga C. zofingien-sis had a remarkably higher percentage of astaxanthin diesters (76.3% of total astaxanthins) and a re-markably lower percentage of astaxanthin monoesters (18.0% of total astaxanthins) in comparison with H. pluvialis (35.5% for diesters and 60.9% for monoesters), the mutant E1 (49.1% and 48.1%) and Chlorococcum sp. (18.0% and 58.6%). | PENG Juan1, XIANG WenZhou2,1, TANG QuanMing1, SUN Ni1, CHEN Feng1,3 & YUAN JianPing 4 1 South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 2 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China 4 Institute of Oceanology & College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510301, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，12： | 12 |
| 2 | Review of the biological and engineering aspects of algae to fuels approach显示文摘Current biofuel production relies on limited arable lands on the earth,and is impossible to meet the biofuel demands.Oil producing algae are alternative biofuel feedstock with potential to meet the world’s ambitious goal to replace fossil fuels.This review provides an overview of the biological and engineering aspects in the production and processing technologies and recent advances in research and development in the algae to fuels approach.The article covers biology,selection and genetic modification of algae species and strains,production systems design,culture media and light management,harvest and dewatering,downstream processing,and environment and economic assessment.Despite the many advances made over several decades,commercialization of algal fuels remains challenging chiefly because of the techno-economic constraints.Technological breakthroughs in all major aspects must take place before commercial production of algal fuels becomes economically viable. | Paul Chen Min Min Yifeng Chen Liang Wang Yecong Li Qin Chen Chenguang Wang Yiqin Wan Xiaoquan Wang Yanling Cheng Shaobo Deng Kevin Hennessy Xiangyang Lin Yuhuan Liu Yingkuan Wang Blanca Martinez Roger Ruan | 2009 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2009，2，4： | 9 |
| 3 | The Weng'an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes显示文摘The rise of multicellularity represents a major evolutionary transition and it occurred independently in multiple eukaryote clades.Although simple multicellular organisms may have evolved in the Mesoproterozoic Era or even earlier,complex multicellular eukaryotes began to diversify only in the Ediacaran Period,just before the Cambrian explosion.hus,the Ediacaran fossil record can provide key paleontological evidence about the early radiation of multicellular eukaryotes that ultimately culminated in the Cambrian explosion.he Ediacaran Weng’an biota in South China hosts exceptionally preserved eukaryote fossils,including various acanthomorphic acritarchs,pseudoparenchymatous thalli,tubular microfossils,and spheroidal fossils such as Megasphaera,Helicoforamina,Spiralicellula,and Caveasphaera.Many of these fossils have been interpreted as multicellular eukaryotes,although alternative interpretations have also been proposed.In this review,we critically examine these various interpretations,focusing particularly on Megasphaera,which has been variously interpreted as a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium,a unicellular protist,a mesomycetozoean-like holozoan,a volvocine green alga,a stem-group animal,or a crown-group animal.We conclude that Megasphaera is a multicellular eukaryote with evidence for cell-to-cell adhesion,a lexible membrane unconstrained by a rigid cell wall,spatial cellular diferentiation,germ–soma separation,and programmed cell death.hese features are inconsistent with the bacterium,unicellular protist,and mesomycetozoean-like holozoan interpretations.hus,the surviving hypotheses,particularly the stem-group animal and algal interpretations,should be further tested with additional evidence.he Weng’an biota also hosts cellularly diferentiated pseudoparenchymatous thalli with specialized reproductive structures indicative of an ainity with lorideophyte red algae.he other Weng’an fossils reviewed here may also be multicellular eukaryotes,although direct cellular evidence is lacking in some and phylogenetic ainities are poorly constrained in others.he Weng’an biota ofers many research opportunities to resolve the life histories and phylogenetic diversity of early multicellular eukaryotes and to illuminate the evolutionary prelude to the Cambrian explosion. | Shuhai Xiao A.D.Muscente Lei Chen Chuanming Zhou James D.Schiffbauer Andrew D.Wood Nicholas F.Polys Xunlai Yuan | 2014 | National Science Review2014，1，4： | 9 |
| 4 | Study on patterns and chemical features of NO effect on marine phytoplankton growth显示文摘This article discusses the patterns of NO effect on marine phytoplankton growth from chemical perspective.The experimental results of four algae,which are Platymonas hal-golandica var.tsingtaoensis,Platymonas subcordiformis,Skeletonema costatum and Nitzschia closterium farma minutissima,are as follows:(i) In f/2 medium or f/50 medium,the growth of these four algae was obviously promoted or inhibited when nitric oxide of different concentrations was added once or twice each day during the cultivation;(ii) The NO effects on the growth of marine phytoplankton are in normal distribution.Different phytoplankton has different optimum NO concentration,which is consistent with the influence of NO on the growth of high plants;(iii) The effect of NO on Platymonas halgolandica var.tsingtaoensi,which is a food alga,is different from that on the red tide algae Skeletonema costatum and Nitzschia closterium farma minutis-sima.The authors put forward a new opinion that every alga has its own NO threshold concen-tration.All the above results may provide new clues to understand the formation of red tide. | ZHANG Zhengbin LIN Cai LIU Chunying XING Lei WU Zhenzhen SUN Feng | 2005 | Science China Chemistry2005，48，4： | 9 |
| 5 | Allelopathic effect of Acorus tatarinowii upon algae显示文摘Besides competing with algae for light and mineral nutrients (i.e. N, P, etc.), the root system of Acorus tatarinowii excretes some chemical substances, which injure and eliminate alga cells, to inhibit the growth of the algae. When the algae cells were treated in “ A. tatarinowii water”, some of the chlorophyll a were destroyed and the photosynthetic rate of algae decreased markedly and the ability of alga cells to deoxidize triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduced greatly. Then alga cells turned from bright red to bluish green under fluorescence microscope. These showed that the allelopathic effects of A. tatarinowii on algae were obvious and planting A.tatarinowii can control some green algae. The experiment on the extractions of the secretions of the root system showed that the inhibitory effect had a concentration effect. If the concentration of the root secretion was below 30 μl/disc, the inhibitory rate was negative; if it was over 45 μl/disc, the inhibitory rate was positive. This proved that the influence of the root secretion on the same acceptor was a kind of concentration effect. When the concentration of the root secretion was low, it promoted the growth of algae; when the concentration reached a definite threshold value, it restrained the growth of algae. In present case, the threshold value was between 30 μl/disc and 45 μl/disc. | He, C.-q. Wang, C.-k. | 2001 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2001，13，4： | 7 |
| 6 | Algal-bloom control by allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes—A review显示文摘Algal-bloom control is an important issue for water environment protection as it induces several negative impacts on the lives of aquatic organisms,aquaculture,landscaping,and human health.The development of an environment-friendly,cost-effective,and convenient alternative for controlling algal bloom has gained much concern.Using the allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes as a novel and safe method for algal-bloom control is a promising alternative.This paper reviews the development and potential application about allelopathy of aquatic plants on algae,including the allelopathic research history,the potential research problems,the research methodology,and the reported aquatic macrophytes and their inhibitory allelochemicals.Potential modes of inhibition action of allelochemicals on algae,possible ways for application,and future development directions of research on algal-bloom control by aquatic macrophytes were also presented. | Hongying HU Yu HONG | 2008 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2008，2，4： | 6 |
| 7 | New Discoveries in Study on Hydrocarbons From Thermal Degradation of Heterotrophically Yellowing Algae显示文摘Green autotrophic alga Chlorella protothecoides contains a very small quantity of hydrocarbons. Heterotrophic culture of this alga results in the cells yellowing, chlorophyll disappearing, protein decreasing and lipid increasing remarkably. The quantities of hydrocarbons from them directly and from the thermal degradation of the cells at or below 200℃ are very low. These hydrocarbons are characterized by predominance of high molecular weight normal alkanes with maximum at C23-C25. When these heterotrophi-cally yellowing cells are thermally degraded at 300℃ , the aliphatic hydrocarbons increase greatly, 32 times that of the green autotrophic ones at the same temperature. Meanwhile, the low molecular weight normal alkanes with C17 as the peak become predominant instead of the original ones of high molecular weight. The actual potential of microplanktonic algae in producing hydrocarbons should be much greater than what people have recognized before. | 吴庆余 殷实 盛国英 傅家谟 | 1994 | Science China Chemistry1994，37，3： | 6 |
| 8 | BLUE-GREEN ALGAE TOXINS AND LIVER CANCER显示文摘BLUE-GREENALGAETOXINSANDLIVERCANCERYuShunzhang俞顺章ChenGang陈刚(DepartmentofEpidemiology;ShanghaiMedicalUniversity;Shanghai200032... | 俞顺章 陈刚 | 1994 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research1994，6，1： | 6 |
| 9 | INFLUENCE OF ACTIVE MARINE ORGANIC MATTER ON ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION Ⅰ.STUDY ON BROWN ALGAE POLYPHENOLS' ACTION ON CARBON STEEL显示文摘Chemical means were used to extract polyphenols from healthy brown algae collected in littoral seawater. Experiments on corrosion of A 3 steel, the time potential curve, and polarization curve in polyphenols seawater showed stronger cathodic polarization compared with that in common seawater. This indicates that brown algae polyphenols might feasibly be used as corrosion inhibitor in seawater. | 马士德 严小军 范晓 陈予敏 房国明 杜爱玲 | 1999 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology1999，17，4： | 5 |
| 10 | Non-rainfall water sources in the topsoil and their changes during formation of man-made algal crusts at the eastern edge of Qubqi Desert,Inner Mongolia显示文摘In arid and semiarid areas,water uptake (non-rainfall water) serves as an important water source for plants,biological soil crusts,insects and small animals.In this study,a measurement program was undertaken to investigate water uptake and its changes during formation of man-made algal crusts in the Qubqi Desert.In the study region,water uptake from the atmosphere accounted for 25.07%-39.83% of the total water uptake,and was mainly taken up by a water vapor adsorption mechanism;the proportion of water uptake from the soil substrate was much higher (60.17%-74.93%).The formation of crusts promoted water uptake,but the increased uptake did not occur immediately after inoculation or crusts formation.The water taken up from the atmosphere increased significantly from day 15 after inoculation,and the soil water content was markedly enhanced from day 20 after inoculation.It is considered that the growth of algal filaments and their secretions were the main factors increasing the amount of water uptake and water content in the crusts,and these variables increased even during dry periods when some algae are likely to have died. | LAN ShuBin1,2,HU ChunXiang1*,RAO BenQiang1,2,WU Li1,2,ZHANG DeLu1,2 & LIU YongDing1 1State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，9： | 5 |
| 11 | Revolutions in algal biochar for different applications:State-of-the-art techniques and future scenarios显示文摘Algae are potential feedstock for the production of bioenergy and valuable chemicals.After the extraction of specific value-added products,algal residues can be further conve rted into biogas,biofuel,and biochar through various thermochemical treatments such as conventional pyrolysis,microwave pyrolysis,hydrothermal conversion,and torrefaction.The compositions and physicochemical characteristics of algal biochar that dete rmine the subsequent applications are compre hensively discussed.Algal biochar carbonized at high-temperature showed remarkable performance for use as supercapacitors,CO_(2) adsorbents,and persulfate activation,due to its graphitic carbon structure,high electron transport,and specific surface area.The algal biochar produced by pyrolysis at mode rate-temperature exhibits high performance for adsorption of pollutants due to combination of miscellaneous functional groups and po rous structures,whereas coal fuel can be obtained fro m algae via torrefaction by pyrolysis at relatively low-tempe rature.The aim of this review is to study the production of algal biochar in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly method and to reduce the environmental pollution associated with bioenergy generation.achieving zero emission enerev production. | Yi-Di Chen Feiyu Liu Nan-Qi Ren Shih-Hsin Ho | 2020 | Chinese Chemical Letters2020，31，10： | 5 |
| 12 | Algal biomass as a global source of transport fuels:Overview and development perspectives显示文摘As a result of the global fuel crisis of the early 1970 s,coupled with concerns for the environment,the use of biofuel has been on the increase in many regions throughout the world.At present,a total of approximately 30 billion(30×109) liters of biofuel are utilized worldwide annually,although most countries rely hugely on the first generation biofuel.The limitations of the first and second generation biofuel gave rise to current interest in algae as a promising alternative to these conventional biofuel sources.Algal biomass could provide a lion's share of the global transport fuel requirements in future.The present review highlights some important developments in,and potentials of algaculture as a major biomass resource of the future.However,the major constraint to commercial-scale algae farming for energy production is the cost factor,which must be addressed adequately before its potentials can be harnessed. | Kifayat Ullah Mushtaq Ahmad Sofia Vinod Kumar Sharma Pengmei Lu Adam Harvey Muhammad Zafar Shazia Sultana C.N.Anyanwu | 2014 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2014，24，4： | 5 |
| 13 | Phosphate limitation of phytoplankton growth in the Changjiang Estuary显示文摘Laboratory experiments of bioassay with Pltaeodaetytum tricornutum, Chatoceros didymus, Chaetoreros calcitraus and Heterogtoea sp. sampled from the Changjiang Estuary in spring and summer, 1986, indicated that both N and P limit phytoplankton growth in the medium with N : P ranged between 8-30, and N limits phytoplankton production in the medium with N: P<8, while P is the limitary nutrient in the N : P>30. Generally, N : P in the Changjiang Estuary waters is 2 times higher than Redfield ratio. The bioassay experiments with high N : P water samples collected from Changjiang Estuary show that phytoplankton production is limited by P. Phytopiankton appears to give priority to the uptake of P at all periods of time. And the optimum N:P for phytoplankton growth is determined to be 18. | Hu Minghui, Yang Yiping, Xu Chunling and P. J. Harrison Oceanography Department of Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaSub-bureau of East China Sea, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai, ChinaOceanography Department, U. B. C. , Canada | 1990 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1990，9，3： | 4 |
| 14 | Spatio-temporal variability of phytoplankton assemblages and its controlling factors in spring and summer in the Subei Shoal of Yellow Sea, China显示文摘The Subei Shoal is a special coastal area with complex physical oceanographic properties in the Yellow Sea.In the present study,the distribution of phytoplankton and its correlation with environmental factors were studied during spring and summer of 2012 in the Subei Shoal of the Yellow Sea.Phytoplankton species composition and abundance data were accomplished by Utermohl method.Diatoms represented the greatest cellular abundance during the study period.In spring,the phytoplankton cell abundance ranged from 1.59×10^3 to 269.78×10^3 cell/L with an average of 41.80×10^3 cell/L,and Skeletonema sp.and Paralia sulcata was the most dominant species.In summer,the average phytoplankton cell abundance was 72.59×10^3 cell/L with the range of 1.78×10^3 to 574.96×10^3 cell/L,and the main dominant species was Pseudo-nitzschia pungens,Skeletonema sp.,Dactyliosolen fragilissima and Chaetoceros curvisetus.The results of a redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that turbidity,temperature,salinity,pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to silicate and SiO4-Si(DIN/SiO4-Si)were the most important environmental factors controlling phytoplankton assemblages in spring or summer in the Subei Shoal of the Yellow Sea. | Yuanzi Huo Honghua Shi Jianheng Zhang Qiao Liu Yuanliang Duan Qing He Kefeng Yu Hongsheng Bi Chunlei Fan Peimin He | 2019 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2019，38，10： | 4 |
| 15 | A REVIEW OF HEAVY METAL ADSORPTION BY MARINE ALGAE显示文摘Accumulation of heavy metals by algae had been studied extensively for biomonitoring or bioremediation purposes. Having the advantages of low cost raw material, big adsorbing capacity, no secondary pollution, etc., algae may be used to treat industrial water containing heavy metals. The adsorption processes were carried out in two steps: rapid physical adsorption first, and then slow chemical adsorption. pH is the major factor influencing the adsorption. The Freundlich equation fitted very well the adsorption isotherms. The uptake decreased with increasing ionic strength. The principal mechanism of metallic cation sequestration involves the formation of complexes between a metal ion and functional groups on the surface or inside the porous structure of the biological material. The carboxyl groups of alginate play a major role in the complexation. Different species of algae and the algae of the same species may have different adsorption capacity. Their selection affinity for heavy metals was the major criterion for the screening of a biologic adsorbent to be used in water treatment. The surface complex formation model (SCFM) can solve the equilibrium and kinetic problems in the biosorption. | 潘进芬 林荣根 马丽 | 2000 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2000，18，3： | 3 |
| 16 | Experimental study of gold distribution in the algae-organic matter-fluid system显示文摘THE previous simulating experiments show that many algae can greatly accumulate goldfrom solution under some conditions. Some other experiments further indicate that organ-ic matter and crude oil can also play an important role in gold geochemistry processes such asleaching, migration, reduction and precipitation. However, these biometallogeneses are | Xie, SC Yin, HF Wang, HM Zhou, XG Fu, JM Sheng, GY Zhang, HZ Lu, JL | 1997 | Chinese Science Bulletin1997，42，19： | 3 |
| 17 | A breakthrough of artificial photosynthesis显示文摘Photosynthesis in plants,algae and cyanobacteria uses light energy from the Sun to convert CO2 and water into carbohydrates and oxygen,thus sustaining all aerobic life forms on Earth.Photosynthetic water splitting into oxygen,protons and electrons,is catalyzed by the oxygen-evolving center(OEC) | Tingyun Kuang | 2016 | National Science Review2016，3，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Evaluation of antigenotoxic effects of carotenoids from green algae Chlorococcum humicola using human lymphocytes显示文摘Objective:To identify the available phytochemicals and carotenoids in the selected green algae and evaluate the potential genotoxic/antigenotoxic effect using lymphocytes.Methods:Organic,solvent extracts of Chlorococcum humicola(C.humicola)were used for the phytochemical analysis.The available carotenoids were assessed by HPLC,and LC-MS analysis.The genotoxicity was induced by the benzo(a)pyrene in the lymphocyte culture,the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of algal carotenoids with and without genotoxic inducer were evaluated by chromosomal aberration(CA),sister chromatid exchange(SCE)and micronucleus assay(MN).Results:The results of the analysis showed that the algae were rich in carotenoids and fatty acids.In the total carotenoids lutein,β-carotene andα-carotene were found to be present in higher concentration.The frequency of CA and SCE increased by benzo(a)pyrene were significantly decreased by the carotenoids(P<0.05 for CA,P<0.001 for SCE).The MN frequencies of the cells were significantly decreased by the treatment with carotenoids when compared with the positive controls(P<0.05).Conclusions:The findings of the present study demonstrate that,the green algae C.humicola is a rich source of bioactive compounds especially carotenoids which effectively fight against environmental genotoxic agents,the carotenoids itself is not a genotoxic substance and should be further considered for its beneficial effects. | Bhagavathy S Sumathi P | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2012，2，2： | 3 |
| 19 | THE AVAILABILITY OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS TO MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON显示文摘The availability of three dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds as nutrient sources for experimentalcultare of three algae was studied. Results indicated that these compounds could be utilized byalgae, and that dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was first to be uptaken when various forms ofphosphorus (DIP and DOP) co-existed. Dicrateria zhanjiangensis’ uptake of sodium glycerophosphatewas faster than that of D-ribose-5-phosphate. The increase of sodium glycerphosphate had little effecton the maximum uptake rate(Vmax) of Chlorella sp., but increased the semisaturation constant(Ks) remarkably;the photosynthesis rates(PR) of Dicrateria zhanjiangensis and Chlorella sp. were rarely affected byusing various forms of phosphorus in the culture experiments. The possible DOP pathways utilizedby algae are discussed. | 洪华生 王海黎 黄邦钦 | 1995 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology1995，13，2： | 3 |
| 20 | Experimental Research on the Application of Water Hyacinths to the Ecological Restoration of Water Bodies with Eutrophication显示文摘[Objective] The study aims to discuss the application of water hyacinths to the ecological restoration of water bodies with eutrophication through simulation experiments. [Method] In this study, water hyacinths were used to restore the simulated eutrophic water with green algae as the dominant algae species, and then the restoration effect of the simulated eutrophic water by water hyacinths was analyzed. [Result] In the simulation test without sediment, the peak chlorophyll concentration was 434.6 mg/m3 in the tank without water hyacinths, which decreased to 285 and 119 mg/m3 respectively in the tanks with 1 and 4 water hyacinths. In the experiment with sediment, compared with the control tank without water hyacinths, a 58% reduction in chlorophyll concentration could be observed in the tank with 4 water hyacinths planted (with a coverage of 51%). The results showed that water hyacinths could inhibit alga growth notably, but there was likely a density threshold (51% coverage), and no significant eco-restoration effect was observed in the simulated eutrophic water with too few water hyacinths planted. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the ecological restoration of eutrophic water bodies. | ZHANG Fa-kuo SHAO Xiao-long SUN Yi-chao LIU Hong-lei YUAN Min XIE Hua-sheng LI Li YU Dan LIU Xu | 2012 | Meteorological and Environmental Research2012，3，11： | 2 |
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