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| 1 | Hermetia illucens larvae as a potential dietary protein source altered the microbiota and modulated mucosal immune status in the colon of finishing pigs显示文摘Background: Insects, such as Hermetia illucens larvae, are rich in chitin and proteins, and represent a suitable feed ingredient replacement for animals. However, little is known about the effect of administering H. illucens larvae on intestinal microbiota, bacterial metabolite profiles, and mucosal immune status in animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering H. illucens larvae on colonic microbiota and bacterial metabolites production in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred(Duroc × Landrace × Large White) female pigs(initial body weight, 76.0 ± 0.52 kg) were randomly allocated to three different dietary treatments: a control diet(Control group) and two diets corresponding to 4%(H1 group) and 8%(H2 group) H. illucens larvae inclusion levels, respectively. Each treatment consisted of eight pens(replicates), with three pigs per pen. After 46 days of feeding, eight pigs per treatment(n =8) were slaughtered, and the colonic digesta and mucosa were collected for microbial composition and microbial fermentation products, and genes expression analyses.Results: The results showed that the H1 diet significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus,Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium compared with those in the control group(P < 0.05), with a decrease in the abundance of Streptococcus. The numbers of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa were significantly greater in the H1 group than in the control group(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, H2 diet increased the number of Clostridium cluster XIVa compared with the control group(P < 0.05). For colonic metabolites, total short chain fatty acids, butyrate, and isobutyrate concentrations were significantly higher in the H1 group than those in the control group(P < 0.05);the H1 treatment caused a striking decrease in protein fermentation compared with the control group, as the concentrations of total amines, cadaverine, tryptamine, phenol, p-cresol, and skatole were significantly lower(P < 0.05). Additionally, H2 diet also increased butyrate concentration compared with control group(P < 0.05), while decreased the concentrations of phenol, p-cresol, and skatole(P < 0.05). Pigs in the H1 group down-regulated the expression of TLR-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines(IFN-γ) compared with pigs in the control group(P < 0.05), and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine(IL-10) and intestinal barrier genes(ZO-1, occludin, and mucin-1). H2 diet up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 compared with control group(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the changes in the colonic mucosal gene expression were associated with changes in the bacterial composition and their metabolites.Conclusions: Collectively, dietary inclusion of Hermetia illucens larvae may enhance mucosal immune homeostasis of pigs via altering bacterial composition and their metabolites. These findings provide a new perspective on insect meal as a sustainable protein source rich in nutrient ingredients for swine. | Miao Yu Zhenming Li Weidong Chen Ting Rong Gang Wang Xianyong Ma | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，4： | 21 |
| 2 | Biotechnology Applications of Plant Callus Cultures显示文摘In ethnopharmacology, and especially in traditional Chinese medicine, medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years. Similarly, agricultural plants have been used throughout the history of mankind. The recent development of the genetic engineering of plants to produce plants with desirable features adds a new and growing dimension to humanity’s usage of plants. The biotechnology of plants has come of age and a plethora of bioengineering applications in this context have been delineated during the past few decades. Callus cultures and suspension cell cultures offer a wide range of usages in pharmacology and pharmacy (including Chinese medicine), as well as in agriculture and horticulture. This review provides a timely overview of the advancements that have been made with callus cultures in these scientific fields. Genetically modified callus cultures by gene technological techniques can be used for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites and for the generation of plants with improved resistance against salt, draft, diseases, and pests. Although the full potential of callus plant culture technology has not yet been exploited, the time has come to develop and market more callus culture-based products. | Thomas Efferth | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，1： | 16 |
| 3 | 不同施氮水平下枸杞主要次生代谢产物与多糖的关系研究(英文)显示文摘[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the optimum application amount of nitrogen in Lycium barbarum based on considering the relationship between main secondary metabolites and polysaccharide.[Method]Under field conditions,the effects of different application amounts of nitrogen on main secondary metabolites of betaine,carotenoid and flavone of Lycium barbarum and the relationship between main secondary metabolites and polysaccharide.[Result] The main secondary metabolites of betaine,carotenoid and flavone of Lycium barbarum varied under different application amounts of nitrogen.The proper application amount of nitrogen(600-900 kg/hm2)was beneficial to the formation and accumulation of secondary metabolites such as carotenoids.Correlation analysis results showed that polysaccharide were negatively correlated with betaine,carotenoid and flavone at significant probability level.[Conclusion]Considering the relationship between the output and quality of the fruits of Lycium barbarum,the optimum nitrogen application amount should be 600-900 kg/hm2. | 康建宏 吴宏亮 杨涓 杨剑涛 | 2008 | Agricultural Science & Technology2008，9，5： | 15 |
| 4 | Microbial metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is rising exponentially worldwide. The spectrum of NAFLD includes non-alcoholic fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Evidence shows that microbial metabolites play pivotal roles in the onset and progression of NAFLD. In this review, we discuss how microbederived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, endogenous ethanol, bile acids and so forth, contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. | Da Zhou Jian-Gao Fan | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，17： | 15 |
| 5 | Effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on endogenous metabolites in urine of irritable bowel syndrome model rats显示文摘BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),is a common functional bowel disease.Its main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,constipation or alternations between diarrhea and constipation.There are obvious differences in metabolites between TCM syndromes.By comparing the body fluid metabolism maps of model animals,metabolomics can discover disease biomarkers,analyze the differences in metabolic pathways and understand the pathological process and the metabolic pathways of substances in the body.Thus,the evaluation of animal models tends to be comprehensive and objective.This may provide further understanding between the interaction between Tong Xie Yao Fang and the IBS model.AIM To evaluate the effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on IBS rats by using metabolomics method.METHODS Wistar rats were used to establish IBS models,and then randomly divided into four groups:A model control group and three Tong Xie Yao Fang treatment groups(high,medium and low doses).A normal,non-IBS group was established.The rats were treated for 2 wk.On days 0 and 14 of the experimental model,urine was collected for 12 h and was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Nine potential biomarkers were identified,and six major metabolic pathways were found to be related to IBS.RESULTS In the study of metabonomics,nine potential biomarkers including L-serine,4-methylgallic acid,L-threonine,succinylacetone,prolyl-hydroxyproline,valylserine,acetyl citrate,marmesin rutinoside and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were identified in urine,which were assigned to amino acids,organic acids,succinyl and glycosides.Furthermore,the metabolic pathway of L-serine,L-threonine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,which mainly involved the metabolism of cysteine and methionine,vitamin B6 metabolism,serotonin synapse,tryptophan metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,digestion,absorption of protein and amino acid metabolism.These pathways are related to intestinal dysfunction,inflammatory syndrome,nervous system dysfunction and other diseases.CONCLUSION Tong Xie Yao Fang has pharmacological effects on IBS,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolism of the nine potential biomarkers identified above in urine. | Xue-Ying Zhao Jian-Wei Wang Yue Yin Kai Li Miao Zhang Fu-Ping Yan | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，34： | 14 |
| 6 | Effect of medium-chain triglycerides on growth performance, nutrient digestibility,plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity in weanling pigs显示文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of medium-chain triglycerides(MCTs) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity in weanling pigs. A total of 160 weanling(Duroc × Landrace x Yorkshire) pigs(age: 21 ± 1 d; body weight: 7.50 ± 0.28 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments, receiving the following diets for 28 d: control diet [containing 3.5%soybean oil(SO)], MCT1 diet(containing 0.7% MCTs and 2.8% SO), MCT2 diet(containing 1.4% MCTs and2.1% SO) and MCT3 diet(containing 2.1% MCTs and 1.4% SO). Dietary inclusion of MCTs improved the average daily gain and feed efficiency(FE) of pigs compared with the control during the first 2 weeks post-weaning(P < 0.05). A similar positive effect was also observed for the overall FE in MCT2 group(P < 0.05). Compared with the control, apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of ether extract was improved by MCT2 and MCT3 treatment from day 12-14 post-weaning(P < 0.05). In addition, MCT2 treatment also exerted a beneficial effect on the ATTD of dry matter(P < 0.05). The increased total protein concentration and decreased urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde levels of plasma were observed in both MCT2 and MCT3 groups on day 14 post-weaning(P < 0.05). In conclusion, MCTs could improve growth performance, nutrients utilization, and antioxidant ability of weanling piglets. | Yue Li Hao Zhang Li Yang Lili Zhang Tian Wang | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，1： | 13 |
| 7 | Hypoglycemic mechanism of polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves in type 2 diabetic rats by gut microbiota and host metabolism alteration显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is a serious threat to human health.Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Iljinskaja(C.paliurus)is one of the traditional herbal medicine and food in China for treating type 2 diabetes,and the C.paliurus polysaccharides(CP)were found to be one of its major functional constituents.This research aimed at investigating the hypoglycemic mechanism for CP.It was found that CP markedly attenuated the symptoms of diabetes,and inhibited the protein expression of Bax,improved the expression of Bcl-2 in pancreas of diabetic rats,normalized hormones secretion and controlled the inflammation which contributed to the regeneration of pancreaticβ-cell and insulin resistance.CP treatment increased the beneficial bacteria genus Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 which was reported to be a key genus for protecting against diabetes,and the fecal short-chain fatty acids levels were elevated.Uric metabolites analysis showed that CP treatment helped to protect with the diabetes by seven significantly improved pathways closely with the nutrition metabolism(amino acids and purine)and energy metabolism(TCA cycle),which could help to build up the intestinal epithelial cell defense for the inflammation associated with the diabetes.Our study highlights the specific mechanism of prebiotics to attenuate diabetes through multi-path of gut microbiota and host metabolism. | Qiqiong Li Jielun Hu Qixing Nie Xiao Chang Qingying Fang Junhua Xie Haishan Li Shaoping Nie | 2021 | Science China(Life Sciences)2021，64，1： | 11 |
| 8 | Recently duplicated sesterterpene(C25) gene clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana modulate root microbiota显示文摘Land plants co-speciate with a diversity of continually expanding plant specialized metabolites(PSMs) and root microbial communities(microbiota).Homeostatic interactions between plants and root microbiota are essential for plant survival in natural environments.A growing appreciation of microbiota for plant health is fuelling rapid advances in genetic mechanisms of controlling microbiota by host plants.PSMs have long been proposed to mediate plant and single microbe interactions.However,the effects of PSMs,especially those evolutionarily new PSMs,on root microbiota at community level remain to be elucidated.Here,we discovered sesterterpenes in Arabidopsis thaliana,produced by recently duplicated prenyltransferase-terpene synthase(PT-TPS) gene clusters,with neo-functionalization.A single-residue substitution played a critical role in the acquisition of sesterterpene synthase(sesterTPS) activity in Brassicaceae plants.Moreover,we found that the absence of two root-specific sesterterpenoids,with similar chemical structure,significantly affected root microbiota assembly in similar patterns.Our results not only demonstrate the sensitivity of plant microbiota to PSMs but also establish a complete framework of host plants to control root microbiota composition through evolutionarily dynamic PSMs. | Qingwen Chen Ting Jiang Yong-Xin Liu Haili Liu Tao Zhao Zhixi Liu Xiangchao Gan Asis Hallab Xuemei Wang Juan He Yihua Ma Fengxia Zhang Tao Jin M. Eric Schranz Yong Wang Yang Bai Guodong Wang | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，7： | 11 |
| 9 | Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the regulation of host immune responses and immune-related inflammatory diseases显示文摘The gut microbiota has a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis.Alterations in the intestinal microbiota and gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been recognized in many immune-related inflammatory disorders.These metabolites can be produced by gut microbiota from dietaiy components or by the host and can be modified by gut bacteria or synthesized de novo by gut bacteria.Gut microbiota-derived metabolites influence a plethora of immune cell responses,including T cells,B cells,dendritic cells,and macrophages.Som e of these metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of immune-related inflammatory diseases,such as inflammatory bowel diseases,diabetes,rheumatoid arthritis,and systemic lupus erythematosus.Here,we review the role of microbiota-derived metabolites in regulating the functions of different immune cells and the pathogenesis of chronic immune-related inflammatory diseases. | Wenjing Yang Yingzi Cong | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，4： | 10 |
| 10 | Clostridium species as probiotics:potentials and challenges显示文摘Clostridium species,as a predominant cluster of commensal bacteria in our gut,exert lots of salutary effects on our intestinal homeostasis.Up to now,Clostridium species have been reported to attenuate inflammation and allergic diseases effectively owing to their distinctive biological activities.Their cellular components and metabolites,like butyrate,secondary bile acids and indolepropionic acid,play a probiotic role primarily through energizing intestinal epithelial cells,strengthening intestinal barrier and interacting with immune system.In turn,our diets and physical state of body can shape unique pattern of Clostridium species in gut.In view of their salutary performances,Clostridium species have a huge potential as probiotics.However,there are still some nonnegligible risks and challenges in approaching application of them.Given this,this review summarized the researches involved in benefits and potential risks of Clostridium species to our health,in order to develop Clostridium species as novel probiotics for human health and animal production. | Pingting Guo Ke Zhang Xi Ma Pingli He | 2020 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2020，11，3： | 9 |
| 11 | Identification of constituents in Gui-Zhi-Jia-Ge-Gen-Tang by LC-IT-MS combined with LC-Q-TOF-MS and elucidation of their metabolic networks in rat plasma after oral administration显示文摘Gui-Zhi-Jia-Ge-Gen-Tang(GZJGGT) is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescription commonly used to treat cervical spondylopathy, scapulohumeral periarthritis, etc. Though it is widely applied in clinical practice, the effective constituents of GZJGGT remain unclear. This was the first report on the identification of the chemical constituents from GZJGGT in vitro and in vivo using LC-IT-MS combined with LC-Q-TOF-MS. A total of 141 constituents were detected in GZJGGT, and 77 were identified. These compounds mainly included flavonoid glycosides, triterpene saponins, monoterpene glycosides, puerosides, and organic acids. Among them, 12 compounds were unequivocally identified in comparison with reference substances. Additionally, a diagnostic base peak ion filtering strategy for rapid classification of flavonoid O-glycosides and C-glycosides was proposed. After gastrointestinal administration of GZJGGT to rats, 45 prototypes and 48 metabolites in rat plasma were speculated. In addition, the metabolic profile of GZJGGT was portrayed to understand interrelationship between metabolites. | CHEN Lu-Lin CHEN Can-Hui ZHANG Xing-Xian WANG Yi WANG Shu-Fang | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines2019，17，11： | 9 |
| 12 | Effects of SLCO1 Bl and GATM gene variants on rosuvastatin-induced myopathy are unrelated to high plasma exposure of rosuvastatin and its metabolites显示文摘Myotoxicity is a sign ificant factor contributi ng to the poor adhere nee and reduced effective ness in the treatme nt of statins. Gen etic variations and high drug plasma exposure are considered as critique causes for statin-induced myopathy (SIM). This study aims to explore the sequential influences of rosuvastatin (RST) pharmacokinetic and myopathy-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the plasma exposure to RST and its metabolites: rosuvastatin lactone (RSTL) and /V-desmethyl rosuvastatin (DM-RST), and further on RST-induced myopathy. A total of 758 Chinese patients with coronary artery disease were enrolled and followed up SIM incidents for 2 years. The plasma concentrations of RST and its metabolites were determined through a validated ultra-performanee liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method. Nine SNPs in six genes were genotyped by using the Sequenom MassArray iPlex platform. Results revealed that ABCG2 rs2231142 variations were highly associated with the plasma concentrations of RST, RSTL, and DM-RST (Pad)<0.01, FDR < 0.05). CYP2C9 rs1057910 significantly affected the DM-RST concentration (Padj <0.01, FDR < 0.05). SLCO1B1 rs4149056 variant allele was significantly associated with high SIM risk (OR: 1.741, 95% Cl: 1.180-2.568, P = 0.0052, FDR = 0.0468). Glycine amidinotransferase (GATM) rs9806699 was marginally associated with SIM incidents (OR: 0.617, 95% Cl: 0.406-0.939, P = 0.0240, FDR = 0.0960). The plasma concentrations of RST and its metabolites were not significantly different between the SIM (n = 51) and control groups (n=707)(all P > 0.05). In conclusion, SLCO1B1 and GATM genetic variants are potential biomarkers for predicting RST-induced myopathy, and their effects on SIM are unrelated to the high plasma exposure of RST and its metabolites. | Xue Bai Bin Zhang Ping Wang Guan-lei Wang Jia-li Li Ding-sheng Wen Xing-zhen Long Hong-shuo Sun Yi-bin Liu Min Huang Shi-Iong Zhong | 2019 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2019，40，4： | 9 |
| 13 | Gut microbiota and diabetes: From correlation to causality and mechanism显示文摘In this review,we summarize the recent microbiome studies related to diabetes disease and discuss the key findings that show the early emerging potential causal roles for diabetes.On a global scale,diabetes causes a significant negative impact to the health status of human populations.This review covers type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.We examine promising studies which lead to a better understanding of the potential mechanism of microbiota in diabetes diseases.It appears that the human oral and gut microbiota are deeply interdigitated with diabetes.It is that simple.Recent studies of the human microbiome are capturing the attention of scientists and healthcare practitioners worldwide by focusing on the interplay of gut microbiome and diabetes.These studies focus on the role and the potential impact of intestinal microflora in diabetes.We paint a clear picture of how strongly microbes are linked and associated,both positively and negatively,with the fundamental and essential parts of diabetes in humans.The microflora seems to have an endless capacity to impact and transform diabetes.We conclude that there is clear and growing evidence of a close relationship between the microbiota and diabetes and this is worthy of future investments and research efforts. | Wei-Zheng Li Kyle Stirling Jun-Jie Yang Lei Zhang | 2020 | World Journal of Diabetes2020，11，7： | 8 |
| 14 | Research Progress of Medicinal Secondary Metabolites and Gene Cloning of Dendrobium officinale显示文摘Dendrobium officinale is one of the most precious medicinal plants in China. Its main medicinal ingredients are its secondary metabolites. However,it has the characteristics of limited sources,low active ingredient content and high cost,limiting the use of D. officinale.Studying the network structure and rate-limiting steps of secondary metabolites of medicinal components of D. officinale,analyzing the secondary metabolic synthesis process,mastering the production rules of its medicinal components and carrying out gene cloning or biosynthesis,etc.are of great significance for the rational development and utilization of D. officinale resources. This paper briefly reviews the progress of the research on the secondary metabolites of D. officinale,including the detection and identification of metabolites and the identification and cloning of key metabolic enzymes. | Ye LIANG Caihua ZOU Jindu LI Shilong LI Tianzi LI | 2019 | Medicinal Plant2019，10，3： | 8 |
| 15 | Global identification of chemical constituents and rat metabolites of Si-Miao-Wan by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/ quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry显示文摘Si-Miao-Wan(SMW), a tradiational Chinese medicinal formula consisting of Atractylodis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Coicis Semen, and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, has been used for the treatment of gout and gouty arthritis for many years. In the present study, a liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(LC-Q-TOF/MS) method was established to identify the multiple constituents of SMW and its metabolites in rat biological samples after oral administration. A total of 48 compounds in SMW, including 21 alkaloids, 12 organic acids, 2 terpenes, 3 lactones, 2 phytosterols, and 8 other compounds, were tentatively characterized with the diagnostic-ion filtering strategy. Based on the diagnostic ions applied to identify compounds in SMW, 28 prototype compounds and 10 metabolic compounds were detected in the biological samples. This was the first comprehensive drug metabolism investigation of SMW in rats. The developed method could be a useful means for identifying the multi-components in SMW and the metabolic components. The results may help explore the possible metabolic processes and mechanism of action for SMW in vivo. | LU Jin-Jin HU Xue-Wen LI Ping CHEN Jun | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines2017，15，7： | 8 |
| 16 | Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against transient focal cerebral ischemic injury and suppresses its systemic metabolic changes in cerabral injury rats显示文摘Ginsenoside Rg1(GR),a major bioactive compound of traditional Chinese medicine,such as Panax ginseng or Radix Notoginseng,has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke.However,pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that GR could not be efficiently transported through the blood–brain barrier.The mechanism by which GR attenuates cerebral ischemic injury in vivo remains largely unknown.Therefore,this study explored potential neuro-protective effects of GR through its systemic metabolic regulating mechanism by using mass spectrometry–based metabolomic profiling.Rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) were treated with GR intravenously.Their metabolic profiles in serum were measured by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry on 1 and 3 days after MCAO.GR exhibited a potent neuro-protective effect by significantly decreasing the neurological scores and infarct volume in the MCAO rats.Moreover,18 differential metabolites were tentatively identified,all of which appeared to correlate well with these disease indices.Our findings suggested that GR carries a therapeutic potential in stroke possibly through a feed-back mechanism by regulating systematic metabolic mediation. | Mingbao Lin Wei Sun Wan Gong Yasi Ding Yuanyan Zhuang Qi Hou | 2015 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2015，5，3： | 7 |
| 17 | Gut microbiota:closely tied to the regulation of circadian clock in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),a worldwide epidemic disease,has caused tremendous economic and social burden,but the pathogenesis remains uncertain.Nowadays,the impact of unrhythmic circadian clock caused by irregular sleep and unhealthy diet on T2DM has be increasingly studied.However,the contribution of the endogenous circadian clock system to the development of T2DM has not yet been satisfactorily explored.It is now becoming clear that the gut microbiota and the circadian clock interact with each other to regulate the host metabolism.Considering all these above,we reviewed the literature related to the gut microbiota,circadian clock,and T2DM to elucidate the idea that the gut microbiota is closely tied to the regulation of the circadian clock in the development of T2DM,which provides potential for gut microbiota-directed therapies to ameliorate the effects of circadian disruptions linked to the occurrence and development of T2DM. | Lu Ding Xin-Hua Xiao | 2020 | Chinese Medical Journal2020，，7： | 7 |
| 18 | Gut microbiota as a target for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes:Mechanisms and dietary natural products显示文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is among the most remarkable public health concerns globally.Accumulating research evidence documents that alteration of gut microbiota has an indispensable role in the onset and progression of obesity and T2DM.A reduced microbial diversity is linked to insulin resistance and energy metabolism,especially for the rise of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.Changes in metabolites followed by the gut dysbacteriosis are linked to the presence of T2DM.Moreover,endotoxin leakage and gut permeability caused by gut dysbacteriosis is more of a trigger for the onset and progression of T2DM.Research documents that natural products are remarkable arsenals of bioactive agents for the discovery of anti-T2DM drugs.Many studies have elucidated that the possible mechanisms of the anti-T2DM effects of natural products are remarkably linked to its regulation on the composition of gut microflora and the successive changes in metabolites directly or indirectly.This review presents a brief overview of the gut microbiota in T2DM and several relevant mechanisms,including short-chain fatty acids,biosynthesis and metabolism of branched-chain fatty acids,trimethylamine N-oxide,bile acid signaling,endotoxin leakage,and gut permeability,and describes how dietary natural products can improve T2DM via the gut microbiota. | Fan Xia Lu-Ping Wen Bing-Chen Ge Yu-Xin Li Fang-Ping Li Ben-Jie Zhou | 2021 | World Journal of Diabetes2021，12，8： | 7 |
| 19 | Metabolite profiling of Zi-Shen pill in rat biological specimens by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS显示文摘This study aimed to profile the chemical constituents of Zi-Shen pill(ZSP) and its metabolites in plasma, urine, and prostate tissue, after administration into rats. Based on the chromatographic retention behavior, fragmentation patterns of chemical components, published literatures, and literature databases, an UPLC-Q-TOF/MS(LC-TOF/MS) method was established to identify the components of ZSP and its metabolites in biological samples. A total of 101 compounds were identified and tentatively characterized from the ZSP, including alkaloids, xanthones, and timosaponins. Except for 33 prototype components, 22 metabolites were detected in the plasma, urine, and prostate, and mainly came from Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. It was found that glucuronidation and sulfation were the major metabolic processes of xanthones, while oxidation, demethylation, and glucuronidation were the major metabolic pathways of alkaloids. In summary, the present study provided important chemical information on the metabolism of ZSP, indicating that alkaloids might be able to be absorbed into the prostate. The results provided a basis for further studies of the mechanisms of action for ZSP. | LIU Xiao-Wei ZHANG Feng GAO Shou-Hong JIANG Bo CHEN Wan-Sheng | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines2015，13，2： | 6 |
| 20 | Human liver tissue metabolic profiling research on hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To select characteristic endogenous metabolites in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and to identify their molecular mechanism and potential clinical value. METHODS: An ultra performance liquid chromatography and linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap XL-mass spectrometry platform was used to analyze endogenous metabolites in the homogenate of central tumor tissue, adjacent tissue and distant tissue obtained from 10 HBV-related HCC patients. After pretreatment with Mzmine software, including peak detection, alignment and normalization, the acquired data were treated with Simca-P+software to establish multivariate statistical analysis based on a pattern recognition technique and characteristic metabolites highly correlated with changing trends in metabolic profiling were selected and further identified. RESULTS: Based on data acquired using Mzmine software, a principal component analysis model (R2X = 66.9%, Q2 = 21.7%) with 6 principal components and an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analy-sis model (R2X = 76.5%, R2Y = 93.7%, Q2 = 68.7%) with 2 predicted principal components and 5 orthogonal principal components were established in the three tissue groups. Forty-nine ions were selected, 33 ions passed the 2 related samples nonparametric test (P < 0.05) and 14 of these were further identified as characteristic metabolites that showed significant differences in levels between the central tumor tissue group and distant tumor tissue group, including 9 metabolites (L -phenylalanine, glycerophosphocholine, lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines and chenodeoxycholic acid glycine conjugate) which had been reported as serum metabolite biomarkers for HCC diagnosis in previous research, and 5 metabolites (betasitosterol, quinaldic acid, arachidyl carnitine, tetradecanal, and oleamide) which had not been reported before. CONCLUSION: Characteristic metabolites and metabolic pathways highly related to HCC pathogenesis and progression are identified through metabolic profiling analysis of HCC tissue homogenates. | Shu-Ye Liu Rikki-Lei Zhang Hua Kang Zhi-Juan Fan Zhi Du | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，22： | 6 |
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