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| 1 | The nutrient forms, cycling and exchange flux in the sediment and overlying water system in lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River显示文摘This paper is a review of research works concerning the nutrient transportation,transformation and exchange between water, sediment and biota in the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River conducted in the context of project entitled 'The Processes and Mechanism of Lake Eutrophication in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River'. All the lakes from this area are shallow lakes. According to the typical lake site research, the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River have a higher baseline of nutrition in the history. Normally the trophic status of these lakes can be categorized into medium-trophic or eutrophic. Human activities have been enhanced during the last decades, which speed up the lake eutrophic process. Lake eutrophication control needs to reduce not only the external nutrient inputs from watershed but also the internal loading from the sediments. Investigations revealed that the lake sediments in this area are considerablly high in nutrition in which at most about 30% of phosphorus exists in the form of bio-available in the sediment. The surface sediment will exert great effects on the nutrient exchange between water-sediment interface via adsorption and release of nutrient. The nutrient release from the sediment in these shallow lakes is mainly in two ways, i.e. in the undisturbed condition the nutrient is released through diffusion created by the nutrient gradient from sediment to overlying water; whereas in disturbed condition, the nutrient release is determined by the hydrodynamic forcing intensity and the sediment resuspension. Metallic elements such as the iron, manganese and aluminium and the aerobic-anaerobic ambience will affect the release of nutrients. The disturbed release will increase the total nutrients in the water column significantly in the short period. At the beginning of sediment resuspension, the dissolved nutrient concentration will increase. This increase will be damped if the ferric oxide and aluminium are rich in sediment because of the adsorption and flocculation. This means that the lakes have capability of eliminating the nutrient loadings. Investigations for the lakes from middle and down stream of Yangtze River have suggested that most lakes have the self-cleaning capability. Dredging the control of the internal loading, therefore, is only applicable to the small lakes or undisturbed bays which normally are situated nearby the city or town and rich in organic materials in the sediment. In addition, the strong reduction condition and weak aeration of these lakes and bays make these small lakes and bays release much more bio-available nutrient and without much self-eliminating capability. Moreover, eutrophication induced algal bloom in these lakes will change www. scichina.com www. springerlink.comthe pH of water, which further induces the increase in the nutrient release. In turn, the increase in nutrient release promotes the growth of phytoplankton and results in severe algal bloom. For the heavily polluted water, research suggests that the biomass of bacteria and alkaline phosphatase activity will be higher corresponding to the higher concentration of nutrients, which accelerates the nutrient recycling between water, sediment and biota. Quick recycling of nutrient, in turn, promotes the production and biomass growth of microorganism and leads to more severe eutrophication. Further research work should focus on the nutrient transformation mechanism and the effects of microbial loop on the eutrophication. | QIN Boqiang ZHU Guangwei | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，z1： | 22 |
| 2 | Hermetia illucens larvae as a potential dietary protein source altered the microbiota and modulated mucosal immune status in the colon of finishing pigs显示文摘Background: Insects, such as Hermetia illucens larvae, are rich in chitin and proteins, and represent a suitable feed ingredient replacement for animals. However, little is known about the effect of administering H. illucens larvae on intestinal microbiota, bacterial metabolite profiles, and mucosal immune status in animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering H. illucens larvae on colonic microbiota and bacterial metabolites production in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred(Duroc × Landrace × Large White) female pigs(initial body weight, 76.0 ± 0.52 kg) were randomly allocated to three different dietary treatments: a control diet(Control group) and two diets corresponding to 4%(H1 group) and 8%(H2 group) H. illucens larvae inclusion levels, respectively. Each treatment consisted of eight pens(replicates), with three pigs per pen. After 46 days of feeding, eight pigs per treatment(n =8) were slaughtered, and the colonic digesta and mucosa were collected for microbial composition and microbial fermentation products, and genes expression analyses.Results: The results showed that the H1 diet significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus,Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium compared with those in the control group(P < 0.05), with a decrease in the abundance of Streptococcus. The numbers of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa were significantly greater in the H1 group than in the control group(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, H2 diet increased the number of Clostridium cluster XIVa compared with the control group(P < 0.05). For colonic metabolites, total short chain fatty acids, butyrate, and isobutyrate concentrations were significantly higher in the H1 group than those in the control group(P < 0.05);the H1 treatment caused a striking decrease in protein fermentation compared with the control group, as the concentrations of total amines, cadaverine, tryptamine, phenol, p-cresol, and skatole were significantly lower(P < 0.05). Additionally, H2 diet also increased butyrate concentration compared with control group(P < 0.05), while decreased the concentrations of phenol, p-cresol, and skatole(P < 0.05). Pigs in the H1 group down-regulated the expression of TLR-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines(IFN-γ) compared with pigs in the control group(P < 0.05), and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine(IL-10) and intestinal barrier genes(ZO-1, occludin, and mucin-1). H2 diet up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 compared with control group(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the changes in the colonic mucosal gene expression were associated with changes in the bacterial composition and their metabolites.Conclusions: Collectively, dietary inclusion of Hermetia illucens larvae may enhance mucosal immune homeostasis of pigs via altering bacterial composition and their metabolites. These findings provide a new perspective on insect meal as a sustainable protein source rich in nutrient ingredients for swine. | Miao Yu Zhenming Li Weidong Chen Ting Rong Gang Wang Xianyong Ma | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，4： | 21 |
| 3 | Bacterial community in sediment from the Western Pacific 'Warm Pool' and its relationship to environment显示文摘Total DNAs were extracted from different sections of deep sea sediment core sample collected from the Western Pacific 'Warm Pool'. The bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone libraries were constructed and analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing. The bacterial communities in these samples and their relationship to environment were analyzed consequently. The results indicated that among eight main bacterial groups found in these sediments, members of the γ-Proteobacteria were most abundant in each section of sediment core sample and the genus Colwellia belonging to γ-Proteobacteria was dominant in this area. Members of the α-Proteobacteria were found commonly existing in these samples, while members belonging to β-Proteobacteria were seldom detected. The diversity of bacterial communities from different sections of sediment core sample was δ- and ε-Proteo- bacteria and the bacterial group including genera Cytopahga, Flexibacteria and Bacteroides (CFB group). These bacteria all were inversely proportional to the depth of sediment. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were 18%-30% and 15%-25% of total bacterial communities related to methane and sulfur metabolism respectively in each section of core sample, implicating that the metabolism of sulfur and methane played an important role in the substance and energy cycles of the Western Pacific 'Warm Pool'. | ZENG Runying ZHAO Jing ZHANG Rui LIN Nianwei | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，2： | 21 |
| 4 | Systems Biology of Plant-Microbiome Interactions显示文摘In natural environments,plants are exposed to diverse microbiota that they interact with in complex ways.While plant-pathogen interactions have been intensely studied to understand defense mechanisms in plants,many microbes and microbial communities can have substantial beneficial effects on their plant host.Such beneficial effects include improved acquisition of nutrients,accelerated growth,resilience against pathogens,and improved resistance against abiotic stress conditions such as heat,drought,and salinity.However,the beneficial effects of bacterial strains or consortia on their host are often cultivar and species specific,posing an obstacle to their general application.Remarkably,many of the signals that trigger plant immune responses are molecularly highly similar and often identical in pathogenic and beneficial microbes.Thus,it is unclear what determines the outcome of a particular microbe-host interaction and which factors enable plants to distinguish beneficials from pathogens.To unravel the complex network of genetic,microbial,and metabolic interactions,including the signaling events mediating microbe-host interactions,comprehensive quantitative systems biology approaches will be needed. | Patricia A.Rodriguez Michael Rothballer Soumitra Paul Chowdhury Thomas Nussbaumer Caroline Gutjahr Pascal Falter-Braun | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，6： | 20 |
| 5 | QMEC:a tool for high-throughput quantitative assessment of microbial functional potential in C,N,P,and S biogeochemical cycling显示文摘Microorganisms are major drivers of elemental cycling in the biosphere. Determining the abundance of microbial functional traits involved in the transformation of nutrients, including carbon(C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and sulfur(S), is critical for assessing microbial functionality in elemental cycling. We developed a high-throughput quantitative-PCR-based chip, Quantitative microbial element cycling(QMEC), for assessing and quantifying the genetic potential of microbiota to mineralize soil organic matter and to release C, N, P and S. QMEC contains 72 primer pairs targeting 64 microbial functional genes for C, N, P, S and methane metabolism. These primer pairs were characterized by high coverage(average of 18–20 phyla covered per gene)and sufficient specificity(>70% match rate) with a relatively low detection limit(7–102 copies per run). QMEC was successfully applied to soil and sediment samples, identifying significantly different structures, abundances and diversities of the functional genes(P<0.05). QMEC was also able to determine absolute gene abundance. QMEC enabled the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of 72 genes from 72 samples in one run, which is promising for comprehensively investigating microbially mediated ecological processes and biogeochemical cycles in various environmental contexts including those of the current global change. | Bangxiao Zheng Yongguan Zhu Jordi Sardans Josep Penuelas Jianqiang Su | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，12： | 18 |
| 6 | Influence of Panax ginseng Continuous Cropping on Metabolic Function of Soil Microbial Communities显示文摘Objective To investigate the influence of Panax ginseng continuous cropping on the carbon substrate metabolic activity of microbes in soils sampled from Dafang,Huangni,and Wulidi in Jilin Province,China.Methods Soil metabolisms of soil communities were characterized by community level physiological profiles using BIOLOGTM EcoPlate.Results Soils sampled from the three sites were analyzed and their metabolic activities were compared.Principal component analysis explored the significant variance in metabolic function of microbial communities in soils,though the Shannon index and the evenness index of them were similar.Futhermore,two principal components(PC1 and PC2),which contributed 67.83% and 10.78% of total variance,were extracted respectively.And also,substrates significantly correlated with PC1 and PC2 at the three sampling sites were identified.Conclusion Characteristic of soil is the primary factor influencing microbial communities,and P.ginseng continuous cropping has significant influence on microbial community.Though soil samples show similar microbial metabolic profiles,microbial communities in rhizosphere soil are changed obviously during the cultivation of P.ginseng,which would finally result in the unbalance of microbial community.Phytopathogens would gradually be the predominants in rhizosphere soil and make P.ginseng sick. | YING Yi-xin1,DING Wan-long1,ZHOU Ying-qun2,LI Yong1 1.Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China 2.China National Corporation of Traditional and Herbal Medicine,Beijing 100195,China | 2012 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2012，4，4： | 17 |
| 7 | Effects of maize-soybean relay intercropping on crop nutrient uptake and soil bacterial community显示文摘Maize-soybean relay intercropping is an effective approach to improve the crop yield and nutrient use efficiency,which is widely practiced by farmers in southwest of China.To elucidate the characteristics of different planting patterns on crop nutrient uptake,soil chemical properties,and soil bacteria community in maize-soybean relay intercropping systems,we conducted a field experiment in 2015–2016 with single factor treatments,including monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(MS),maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and fallow(CK).The results showed that the N uptake of maize grain increased in IMS compared with MM.Compared with MS,the yield and uptake of N,P,and K of soybean grain were increased by 25.5,24.4,9.6,and 22.4%in IMS,respectively,while the N and K uptakes in soybean straw were decreased in IMS.The soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and soil organic matter contents were significantly higher in IMS than those of the corresponding monocultures and CK.Moreover,the soil protease,soil urease,and soil nitrate reductase activities in IMS were higher than those of the corresponding monocultures and CK.The phyla Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Actinobacteria dominated in all treatments.Shannon’s index in IMS was higher than that of the corresponding monocultures and CK.The phylum Proteobacteria proportion was positively correlated with maize soil organic matter and soybean soil total nitrogen content,respectively.These results indicated that the belowground interactions increased the crop nutrient(N and P)uptake and soil bacterial community diversity,both of which contributed to improved soil nutrient management for legume-cereal relay intercropping systems. | FU Zhi-dan ZHOU Li CHEN Ping DU Qing PANG Ting SONG Chun WANG Xiao-chun LIU Wei-guo YANG Wen-yu YONG Tai-wen | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，9： | 17 |
| 8 | Responses of Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community Composition to Moisture Regimes in Paddy Soils Under Long-Term Fertilization Practices显示文摘The effects of fertilization on activity and composition of soil microbial community depend on nutrient and water availability;however,the combination of these factors on the response of microorganisms was seldom studied.This study investigated the responses of soil microbial community and enzyme activities to changes in moisture along a gradient of soil fertility formed within a long-term(24 years)field experiment.Soils(0–20 cm)were sampled from the plots under four fertilizer treatments:i)unfertilized control(CK),ii)organic manure(M),iii)nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers(NPK),and iv)NPK plus M(NPK+M).The soils were incubated at three moisture levels:constant submergence,five submerging-draining cycles(S-D cycles),and constant moisture content at 40%water-holding capacity(low moisture).Compared with CK,fertilization increased soil organic carbon(SOC) by 30.1%–36.3%,total N by 27.3%–38.4%,available N by 35.9%–56.4%,available P by 61.4%–440.9%,and total P by 28.6%–102.9%.Soil fertility buffered the negative effects of moisture on enzyme activities and microbial community composition.Enzyme activities decreased in response to submergence and S-D cycles versus low moisture.Compared with low moisture,S-D cycles increased total phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)and actinomycete,fungal,and bacterial PLFAs.The increased level of PLFAs in the unfertilized soil after five S-D cycles was greater than that in the fertilized soil.Variations in soil microbial properties responding to moisture separated CK from the long-term fertilization treatments.The coefficients of variation of microbial properties were negatively correlated with SOC,total P,and available N.Soils with higher fertility maintained the original microbial properties more stable in response to changes in moisture compared to low-fertility soil. | LI Weitao WU Meng LIU Ming JIANG Chunyu CHEN Xiaofen Yakov KUZYAKOV Jorg RINKLEBE LI Zhongpei | 2018 | Pedosphere2018，28，2： | 16 |
| 9 | Relationship between intestinal microbial dysbiosis and primary liver cancer显示文摘Background: Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is involved in liver disease pathogenesis. However, its role in primary liver cancer(PLC), particularly in hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. The present study aimed to study the changes in intestinal flora at various stages of PLC and clarify the relationship between intestinal microbes and PLC. Methods: Twenty-four patients with PLC(PLC group), 24 patients with liver cirrhosis(LC group), and 23 healthy control individuals(HC group) were enrolled from October 2016 to October 2017. Stool specimens of the participants were collected and the genomic DNA of fecal bacteria was isolated. High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16 S r DNA was used to identify differences in gut bacterial diversity among HC, LC, and PLC groups. We also analyzed the relationship between clinical factors and intestinal microorganisms in LC and PLC groups. Results: Diversity of Firmicutes tended to decrease from the HC to LC and PLC groups at the phylum level. Among species, Enterobacter ludwigii displayed an increasing trend in the PLC group, wherein the relative abundance of Enterobacter ludwigii in the PLC group was 100 times greater than that in the HC and LC groups. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased with the disease progression. In addition, the linear discriminant analysis effect size method indicated that Clostridia were predominant in the gut microbiota of the HC group, whereas Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillales, Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria may be used as diagnostic markers of PLC. Redundancy analysis showed a correlation between intestinal microbial diversity and clinical factors AST, ALT, and AFP. Veillonella showed a significant positive correlation with AFP in the PLC group, whereas Subdoligranulum showed a negative correlation with AFP. Conclusions: This study indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota might be involved in PLC development and progression. | Lei Zhang Yong-Na Wu Tuo Chen Cheng-Hui Ren Xun Li Guang-Xiu Liu | 2019 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2019，18，2： | 16 |
| 10 | Characteristic dysbiosis of gut microbiota of Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by an insight into the pan-microbiome显示文摘Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is reported associated with the alteration of gut microbial composition termed as dysbiosis.However,the pathogenic mechanism of IBS remains unclear,while the studies of Chinese individuals are scarce.This study aimed to understand the concept of dysbiosis among patients with Chinese diarrhea-predominant IBS(IBS-D),as a degree of variance between the gut microbiomes of IBS-D population and that of a healthy population.Methods:The patients with IBS-D were recruited(assessed according to the Rome III criteria,by IBS symptom severity score)from the Outpatient Department of Gastroenterology of Peking University Third Hosp让al,and volunteers as healthy controls(HCs)were enrolled,during 2013.The 16S rRNA sequences were extracted from fecal samples.Ribosomal database project resources,basic local alignment search tool,and SparCC software were used to obtain the phylotype composition of samples and the internal interactions of the microbial community.Herein,the non-parametric test,Wilcoxon rank-sum test was carried out to find the statistical significance between HC and IBS-D groups.All the P values were adjusted to q values to decrease the error rate.Results:The study characterized the gut microbiomes of Chinese patients with IBS-D,and demonstrated that the dysbiosis could be characterized as directed alteration of the microbiome composition leading to greater disparity between relative abundance of two phyla,Bacteroidetes(Z=4.77,q=1.59×10^-5)and Firmicutes(Z=-3.87,q=5.83×10^-4).Moreover,it indicated that the IBS symptom features were associated with the dysbiosis of whole gut microbiome,instead of one or several certain genera even they were dominating.Two genera,Bacteroides and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis,were identified as the core genera,meanwhile,the non-core genera contribute to a larger pan-microbiome of the gut microbiome.Furthermore,the dysbiosis in patients with IBS-D was associated with a reduction of network complexity of the interacted microbial community(HC us.IBS-D:639 vs.154).The disordered metabolic functions of patients with IBS-D were identified as the potential influence of gut microbiome on the host(significant difference with q<0.01 between HC and IBS-D).Conclusions:This study supported the view of the potential influence of gut microbiome on the symptom of Chinese patients with IBS-D,and further characterized dysbiosis in Chinese patients with IBS-D,thus provided more pathological evidences for IBS-D with the further understanding of dysbiosis. | Zhe Wang Cong-Min Xu Yi-Xuan Liu Xiao-Qi Wang Lu Zhang Mo Li Shi-Wei Zhu Zhong-Jie Xie Pei-Hong Wang Li-Ping Duan Huai-Qiu Zhu | 2019 | Chinese Medical Journal2019，，8： | 15 |
| 11 | Microbial metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is rising exponentially worldwide. The spectrum of NAFLD includes non-alcoholic fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Evidence shows that microbial metabolites play pivotal roles in the onset and progression of NAFLD. In this review, we discuss how microbederived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, endogenous ethanol, bile acids and so forth, contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. | Da Zhou Jian-Gao Fan | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，17： | 15 |
| 12 | Plant diversity reduces the effect of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure显示文摘It is unclear whether certain plant species and plant diversity could reduce the impacts of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil microbial structure and soil enzyme activities. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic diversity and microbial similarity in planted and unplanted soil under combined cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution. A metal hyper- accumulator, Brassica juncea, and a common plant, Festuca arundinacea Schreb, were used in this research. The results showed that microorganism quantity in planted soil significantly increased, compared with that in unplanted soil with Cd and Pb pollution. The order of microbial community sensitivity in response to Cd and Pb stress was as follows: actinomycetes 〉 bacteria 〉 fungi. Respiration, phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase activity were significantly inhibited due to Cd and Pb stress. Compared with unplanted soil, planted soils have frequently been reported to have higher rates of microbial activity due to the presence of additional surfaces for microbial colonization and organic compounds released by the plant roots. Two coexisting plants could increase microbe population and the activity of phosphatases, dehydrogenases and, in particular, ureases. Soil enzyme activity was higher in B. juncea phytoremediated soil than in F. arundinacea planted soil in this study. Heavy metal pollution decreased the richness of the soil microbial community, but plant diversity increased DNA sequence diversity and maintained DNA sequence diversity at highlevels. The genetic polymorphism under heavy metal stress was higher in B. juncea phytoremediated soil than in F. arundinacea planted soil. | Yang GAO Chiyuan MIAO Jun XIA Liang MAO Yafeng WANG Pei ZHOU | 2012 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2012，6，2： | 14 |
| 13 | 农艺措施对干旱区棉田土壤有机碳及微生物量碳含量的影响显示文摘目的探讨干旱区绿洲棉田农艺措施对土壤有机碳(SOC)及微生物量碳含量(MBC)的影响,揭示农艺措施对农田生态系统土壤碳稳定性的影响机制,为干旱区农业资源高效利用及可持续发展提供理论依据。方法试验采用裂裂区设计,以膜下滴灌和常规漫灌2种灌溉方式为主区,秸秆还田与秸秆不还田2种处理为裂区,4种施肥处理:单施有机肥(为腐熟鸡粪,OM)、单施氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、氮磷钾化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+OM)和不施肥(CK)为裂裂区。于棉花出苗后开始测定土壤异氧呼吸强度,并于每年棉花收获期采集土壤样品,测定和分析不同农艺措施下绿洲棉田土壤有机碳及微生物量碳含量。结果干旱区绿洲棉田不同农艺措施两两交互及3种措施交互作用下土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量表层0—20 cm含量均最高,其下层随着土壤深度的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,至40—60 cm土层降至最低。不同农艺措施下,土壤有机碳含量变化表现为,与常规漫灌方式相比,膜下滴灌方式增加了2.5%—3.0%,秸秆还田比秸秆不还田增加了2.3%—6.3%,与CK处理相比,(NPK+OM)处理土壤有机碳含量增加了14.3%—16.8%,且(NPK+OM)/OM处理土壤有机碳含量显著大于CK/NPK处理(P<0.05)。土壤微生物量碳含量为膜下滴灌方式比常规漫灌方式增加了21.9%—34.3%,秸秆还田比秸秆不还田增加了12.1%—29.4%,与CK处理相比,(NPK+OM)处理土壤微生物量碳含量增加了83.9%—151.0%。棉田土壤微生物熵(q MB)的大小变化在灌溉处理间表现为膜下滴灌>常规漫灌方式,秸秆处理间为秸秆还田>秸秆不还田处理,施肥处理间土壤微生物熵在0—40 cm土层显著大于40—60 cm土层,且不同土层间(NPK+OM)处理土壤微生物熵为最大,其次分别为OM、NPK、CK处理。棉田土壤微生物代谢熵(q CO2)大小变化在不同灌溉处理间表现为膜下滴灌低于常规漫灌方式,秸秆处理间为秸秆还田低于秸秆不还田处理,施肥处理间为(NPK+OM) | 张前兵 杨玲 张旺锋 罗宏海 张亚黎 王进 | 2014 | 中国农业科学2014，47，22： | 14 |
| 14 | Soil Microbiomes—a Promising Strategy for Contaminated Soil Remediation: A Review显示文摘Bioremediation is a process mediated by microorganisms and represents a sustainable and eco-friendly way to degrade and detoxify environmental contaminants. Soil microbiomes clearly become a key component of bioremediation as they are more stable and effcient than pure cultures, being recognized as one of the scientific frontiers of the soil environmental science and technology fields. Recently,many advancements have been made regarding the investigation of remediation mechanisms by soil microbiomes and the interactions inside them. This has greatly expanded our ability to characterize the remediating function of soil microbiomes and identify the factors that influence their effciency for remediation. Here, we suggest that soil microbiomes are a promising strategy for soil remediation.Research is now needed to identify how we can manipulate and manage soil microbiomes to improve remediation effciency and increase soil fertility at the same time. Therefore, this review aims to emphasize the importance of soil microbiomes in bioremediation and promote further development of this strategy into a widely accepted technique. | TENG Ying CHEN Wei | 2019 | Pedosphere2019，29，3： | 14 |
| 15 | Piglet gut microbial shifts early in life:causes and effects显示文摘The gut microbiome has long been known to play fundamentally important roles in the animal health and the well-being of its host. As such, the establishment and maintenance of a beneficial gut microbiota early in life is crucial in pigs, since early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of permanent microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of pigs later in life. Emphasizing this importance of early gut colonizers, it is critical to understand the factors impacting the establishment of the piglet gut microbiome at weaning. Factors include, among others, diet, in-feed antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotic administration. The impact of these factors on establishment of the gut microbiome of piglets at weaning includes effects on piglet gut microbial diversity, structure, and succession. In this review, we thoroughly reviewed the most recent findings on the piglet gut microbiome shifts as influenced by weaning, and how these microbiome changes brought about by various factors that have been shown to affect the development of microbiota in piglets. This review will provide a general overview of recent studies that can help to facilitate the design of new strategies to modulate the gut microbiome in order to enhance gastrointestinal health, growth performance and well-being of piglets. | Robin B.Guevarra Jun Hyung Lee Sun Hee Lee Min-Jae Seok Doo Wan Kim Bit Na Kang Timothy J.Johnson Richard E.Isaacson Hyeun Bum Kim | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，3： | 13 |
| 16 | Are humic substances soil microbial residues or unique synthesized compounds?A perspective on their distinctiveness显示文摘Humic substances(HS),which are defined as a series of highly acidic,relatively high-molecular-weight,and yellow to black colored substances formed during the decay and transformation of plant and microbial remains,ubiquitously occur in nature.Humic substances represent the largest stable organic carbon pool in terrestrial environments and are the central characteristic of the soil.However,the validity of the HS concept and the justification of their extraction procedure have been recently debated.Here,we argue that the traditional humic paradigm is still relevant.Humic substances are distinctive and complex because the extracted HS formed during the humification are chemically distinct from their precursors and are heterogeneous among soils.By reviewing the concept,formation pathways,and stabilization of HS,we propose that the key question facing soil scientists is whether HS are soil microbial residues or unique synthesized compounds.Without revealing the distinctiveness of HS,it is impossible to address this question,as the structure,composition,and reactivity of HS are still poorly known owing to the heterogeneity and geographical variability of HS and the limits of the currently available analytical techniques.In our view,the distinctiveness of HS is fundamental to the soil,and thus further studies should be focused on revealing the distinctiveness of HS and explaining why HS hold this distinctiveness. | Sen DOU Jun SHAN Xiangyun SONG Rui CAO Meng WU Chenglin LI Song GUAN | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，2： | 12 |
| 17 | Evolving paradigms in biological carbon cycling in the ocean显示文摘Carbon is a keystone element in global biogeochemical cycles.It plays a fundamental role in biotic andabiotic processes in the ocean,which intertwine to mediate the chemistry and redox status of carbon in the ocean and the atmosphere.The interactions between abiotic and biogenic carbon(e.g.CO_2,Ca CO_3,organic matter)in the ocean are complex,and there is a half-century-old enigma about the existence of a huge reservoir of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon(RDOC)that equates to the magnitude of the pool of atmospheric CO_2.The concepts of the biological carbon pump(BCP)and the microbial loop(ML)shaped our understanding of the marine carbon cycle.The more recent concept of the microbial carbon pump(MCP),which is closely connected to those of the BCP and the ML,explicitly considers thesignificance of the ocean’s RDOC reservoir and provides a mechanistic framework for the exploration of its formation and persistence.Understanding of the MCP has benefited from advanced‘omics’and novel research in biological oceanography and microbial biogeochemistry.The need to predict the ocean’sresponse to climate change makes an integrative understanding of the BCP,ML and MCP a high priority.In this review,we summarize and discuss progress since the proposal of the MCP in 2010 and formulate research questions for the future. | Chuanlun Zhang Hongyue Dang Farooq Azam Ronald Benner Louis Legendre Uta Passow Luca Polimene Carol Robinson Curtis A.Suttle Nianzhi Jiao | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，4： | 12 |
| 18 | 多功能微生物复合菌肥在晚稻上的应用研究显示文摘采用单因素对比试验,研究了双季晚稻施用自制多功能微生物复合菌肥对土壤微生物含量、土壤酶含量和有效NPK含量及水稻稻谷产量的影响。结果表明:施用225 kg/hm2复合菌肥对水稻的增产效果不仅优于施用120 kg/hm2纯氮+120 kg/hm2氧化钾的增产效果,而且节约肥料成本870元/hm2。施用复合菌肥后,土壤中微生物优势菌群的数量大幅度增加,土壤酶活性增强,速效N、P、K的含量提高。 | 叶荣华 涂晓嵘 阮彩彪 涂国全 | 2010 | 江西农业学报2010，22，11： | 12 |
| 19 | Denitrification and microbial community in MBBR using A. donax as carbon source and biofilm carriers for reverse osmosis concentrate treatment显示文摘In this study,raw Arundo donax(A.donax)pieces were applied as carbon source and biofilm carriers for denitrification in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate gathered from local wastewater reuse plant.At stable phase(about 60 days),efficient denitrification performance was obtained with73.2%±19.5%NO3--N average removal and 8.10±3.45 g N/(m3·day)NO3--N average volumetric removal rate.Mass balance analysis showed that 4.84 g A.donax was required to remove 1 g TN.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis results showed that the copy numbers of 16S r-RNA,narG,nirS,nosZ and anammox gene of carrier biofilm and suspended activated sludge in the declination phase(BF2 and AS2)were lower than those of samples in the stable phase(BF1 and AS1),and relatively higher copy numbers of nirS and nirK genes with lower abundance of narG and nosZ genes were observed.High-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted for BF2 and AS2,and similar dominant phyla and classes with different abundance were obtained.The class Gammaproteobacteria affiliated with the phylum Proteobacteria was the most dominant microbial community in both BF2(52.6%)and AS2(41.7%).The PICRUSt prediction results indicated that 33 predictive specific genes were related to denitrification process,and the relative abundance of 18 predictive specific genes in BF2 were higher than those in AS2. | Li Li Guokai Yan Haiyan Wang Zhaosheng Chu Zewen Li Yu Ling Tong Wu | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，10： | 11 |
| 20 | Diet supplementation with an organic acids-based formulation affects gut microbiota and expression of gut barrier genes in broilers显示文摘This study was designed to study the effect of diet supplementation with an organic acids-based formulation(OABF) on luminal-and mucosa-associated bacteria, concentration of volatile fatty acids(VFA), microbial glycolytic enzyme activity and expression of mucin 2(MUC2), immunoglobulin A(IgA)and tight junction protein, i.e., zonula occludens-1(ZO1), zonula occludens-2(ZO2), claudin-1(CLDN1),claudin-5(CLDN5) and occludin(OCLN), genes at the ileal and cecal level. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used having OABF inclusion and avilamycin as main factors. Subsequently, 544 day-old male Cobb broilers were allocated in the following 4 treatments, each with 8 replicates: no additions(CON), 1 g OABF/kg diet(OA),2.5 mg avilamycin/kg diet(AV) and combination of OA and AV(OAAV). The trial lasted for 42 days. In the ileum, OAAV resulted in lower mucosa-associated total bacteria levels(PO × A= 0.028) compared with AV.In addition, ileal digesta levels of Clostridium perfringens subgroup were decreased by avilamycin(PA= 0.045). Inclusion of OABF stimulated the activity of microbial glycolytic enzymes, whereas avilamycin resulted in lower acetate(PA= 0.021) and higher butyrate(PA= 0.010) molar ratios. Expression of ZO1 and CLDN5 was down-regulated by both OABF(PO= 0.016 and PO= 0.003, respectively) and avilamycin(PA= 0.016 and PA= 0.001, respectively). In addition, CLDN1 was down-regulated in AV compared with CON(PO × A= 0.012). Furthermore, OABF down-regulated MUC2(PO= 0.027), whereas avilamycin down-regulated nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1(NFKB1)(PA= 0.024), toll-like receptor 2 family member B(TLR2B)(PA= 0.011) and toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)(PA= 0.014) expression. In the ceca, OABF inclusion increased digesta levels of Clostridium coccoides(PO= 0.018) and Clostridium leptum(PO= 0.040) subgroups, while it up-regulated MUC2 expression(PO= 0.014). Avilamycin(PA= 0.044) and interaction(PO × A< 0.001) effects for IgA expression were noted, with CON having higher IgA expression compared with AV. In conclusion, new findings regarding OABF inclusion effects on an array of relevant biomarkers for broiler gut ecology have been reported and discussed in parallel with avilamycin effects used as a positive control. This new knowledge is expected to provide a response baseline for follow up trials under various stress and challenge conditions. | Irida Palamidi Konstantinos C.Mountzouris | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，4： | 11 |
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