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| 1 | Investigation and assessment on mountain tunnels and geotechnical damage after the Wenchuan earthquake显示文摘On May 12, 2008, a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 (Ms) struck Wenchuan town, in the eastern Sichuan area of west China. Following the earthquake on May 18, the Southwest Jiaotong University organized a damage survey team and dispatched it to the affected area for the investigation into the damage and collection of information and data. This paper outlines the findings of this investigation on the earthquake disaster to mountain tunnels and geotechnical engineering. The systematic investigation, involving geological conditions, design documents, construction and maintenance records of the tunnels, has been conducted and the degree of damage to investigated tunnels has been assessed according to the width and length of cracks, the stability of the slope above the tunnel, and the condition of the groundwater inrush. The results show that the major damage of the mountain tunnels was mainly concentrated in the tunnel portals due to widespread landslides and rockfalls, and the inner part of investigated tunnels suffered moderate damages mainly due to fault displacements. It is hoped that the information shared herein could enhance the outstanding of seismic behavior of mountain tunnels and improve seismic design and construction procedures. | WANG ZhengZheng GAO Bo JIANG YuanJun YUAN Song | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，2： | 84 |
| 2 | 长白山森林生态系统中的稀有和濒危多孔菌显示文摘In last 10 years,extensive field inventories were carried out to investigate Polypore species, the major wood decaying fungi in the Changbaishan Nature Reserve of Northeastern China. The following 27 species were treated as rare or threathened species: Amylocystis lapponica (Romell) Singer, Anomoporia albolutescens (Romell) Pouzar, Anomoporia bombycina (Fr.) Pouzar, Anomoporia vesiculosa Y.C. Dai & Niemel, Antrodia carbonica (Overh.) Ryvarden & Gilb., Antrodia crassa (P. Karst.) Ryvarden, Antrodiella citrinella Niemel & Ryvarden, Diplomitoporus flavescens (Bres.) Dománski, Donkioporia expansa (Desm.) Kotl. & Pouzar, Gloeophyllum carbonarium (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Ryvarden, Haploporus odorus (Sommerf.) Bondartsev & Singer, Inonotopsis subiculosa (Peck) Parmasto, Nigroporus ussuriensis (Bondartsev & Ljub.) Y.C. Dai & Niemela, Oxyporus sinensis X.L. Zeng, Parmastomyces taxi (Bondartsev) Y.C. Dai & Niemela, Phellinidium sulphurascens (Pilat) Y.C. Dai, Phellinus vaninii Ljub., Polyporus vassilievae Thorn, Pycnoporellus fulgens (Fr.) Donk, Skeletocutis brevispora Niemela, Skeletocutis ochroalba Niemela, Skeletocutis perennis Ryvarden, Trechispora candidissima (Schwein.) Bondartsev & Singer, Wolfiporia dilatohypha Ryvarden & Gilb., Wolfiporia curvispora Y.C. Dai, Wrightoporia avellanea (Bres.) Pouzar and Wrightoporia lenta (Oveh. & J. Lowe) Pouzar. Polypores are richer in East Asia than in Europe and North America, not only because of destructive galciations and fewer hosts in the latters, but also because of the geography. NE Asia is a link between Europe and North America. Changbaishan Nature Reserve is very rich in polypores, and over 260 species were recorded in the reserve. Some rare species in North America and Europe, for instance, Anomoporia albolutescens, Antrodia crassa, Diplomitoporus flavescens, Inonotopsis subiculosa and Skeletocutis ochroalba etc. were found in Changbaishan Nature Reserve as well, and these species are in fact rare in the earth. Most of the 27 species occurred on fallen trunks or rotten wood in the reserve, but some of them grew on living trees. 18 species occured on substrate of gymnosperms, and 9 species grew on wood of angiosperm.Among the 27 species, 7 species caused a brown rot,and 20 species produced a white rot. The morphology, substrate and ecology of each species were briefly discussed. The most important tool for polypore conservation is the conservation of their habitats, and it is necessary to study the ecology of the rare and threathened species of polypores in the Changbaishan Nature Reserve. Because most of polypores live on the substrate of fallen trunks and rotten wood, it is very important to keep such substrate in the ecosystem. | 戴玉成 | 2003 | 应用生态学报2003，14，6： | 35 |
| 3 | The age and tectonic environment of the rhyolitic rocks on the western side of Wuyi Mountain,South China显示文摘During the geological survey of the metamorphic rocks in Xingning-Wuhua region on the western side of Wuyi Mountain, South China, we discovered the Neoproterozoic rhyolite and rhyolitic greywacke for the first time that outcrop in the Proterozoic metamorphic rocks near Jingnan Town of Xingning County, eastern Guangdong Province. A systematic research on petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of rhyolitic rocks was conducted to understand their tectonic setting and formation age. The Jingnan rhyolite is interbedded with a coeval greywacke, with a total thickness of 60 m; both rhyolite and greywacke display a similar folding and metamorphic pattern. Meta-rhyolite consists of groundmass and phenocrystals including sanidine, orthoclase, and quartz with distinct undulose extinction; the groundmass has been recrystallized into fine-grain feldspar, quartz and sericite aggregation. Meta-greywacke is composed of crystallinoclastic grains (sanidine, orthoclase, quartz and oligoclase) and clay groundmass. Zircon grains used for the SHRIMP U-Pb analysis are light brown-colored and euhedral or subeuhedral. Dating data suggest two age groups; eight grains of magmatype zircon with an idiomorphic form yield an age of 972±8 Ma, and the other seven weakly corroded grains of zircon with euhedral to subeuhedral shape construct an average age of 1097±11 Ma, which were captured from older rocks by an uplifting magma, implying that a late Mesoproterozoic basement exists in the Nanling region. In addition, one Paleoproterozoic age, 2035±11 Ma, is obtained from a rounded detrital zircon, indicating that a Paleoproterozoic thermal event took place in the South China. Geochemically, the Jingnan rhyolitic rocks are characterized by high K2O content, intermediate Al2O3 content, with the ACNK value 0.98―1.11, and belonging to high-K alkaline series. They are rich in ΣREE, Rb, Th and Ce, depleted in Ba, Sr, Eu, Ti, P and Nb-Ta, and with moderate negative Eu and Sr anomalies. These features indicate that the Jingnan volcanic rocks have an affinity of continental arc that is similar to those of acid volcanic rocks in the SE-China Coastal Region, in other words, a Neoproterozoic tectonomagma event might have taken place in the western Wuyi region, leading to an eruption of high-K calc-alkaline granitic magma. | SHU LiangShu DENG Ping YU JinHai WANG YanBin JIANG ShaoYong | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，8： | 27 |
| 4 | Simulation of energy and water balance in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer system in the mountain area of Heihe River Basin at Hexi Corridor of northwest China显示文摘In the mountain area of inland Heihe River Basin at Hexi Corridor of northwest China during the vegetation growing season from May to September, the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model of Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) system is applied to simulating and studying energy and water balance of the soil-residue-plant canopy layers in the Picea crassifolia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope and the grassland at the sun-facing slope. The simulation of energy balance indicates that net radiation of the grass- land at the sun-facing slope is more than that of the Picea crassifolia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope. The energy outgoing components are the first latent heat and next sensible heat from the grassland both at the shaded slope and the sun-facing slope, but those at the former are less. The energy outgoing components are the first sensible heat and next latent heat from the Picea crassifolia forest. The composition and distribution of energy in the soil-residue-plant canopy layers in the Picea crassifolia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope make the soil layer receive less energy, which therefore, especially the forest possesses the energy conditions for soil water conservation. The simulation of water balance indicates that the water loss of the grassland at the sun-facing slope is mainly caused by soil evaporation, while evapotranspiration of the Picea crassifolia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope is less than that of the grassland at the sun-facing slope. Half of the evapotranspiration of the Picea crassifolia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope is consumed by transpiration. After precipitation, the soil water storage is increased much more for the Picea crassifolia forest and also more for the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope. Therefore the shaded slope vegetation, especially the forest is favorable for soil water storage. | KANG Ersi1, CHENG Guodong1, , SONG Kechao1, JIN Bowen1, , LIU Xiande3 2 3 & WANG Jinye3 1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 3. Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forest of Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，4： | 25 |
| 5 | Evolution of strontium isotopic composition of sea-water from Late Permian to Early Triassic based on study of marine carbonates,Zhongliang Mountain,Chongqing,China显示文摘Collected from a Late Permian to Early Triassic sedimentary section in the Zhongliang Mountain of Chongqing, Southwest China, sixty marine carbonate samples were measured for the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and corresponding evolution curve was constructed. The concentrations of SiO2, CaO, MgO, Mn and Sr are used to evaluate reservation of strontium isotopic composition for original seawater and the credi-bility of the dissolution method for sample preparation. The results show that most of the samples (except seven samples with the Mn/Sr ratios higher than 2) contain the original geochemistry signa-tures of ancient seawater. Compared to the published 87Sr/86Sr ratios from the Late Permian to Early Triassic, our database reported here is the largest and the curve constructed is the most complete. The strontium isotopic curve from Late Permian to Early Triassic is consistent globally and exhibits a gen-eral trend of steady increase during this period. The minimum of 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.707011) occurs in the Late Permian (30 m in thickness below the Permian-Triassic boundary), and the maximum (0.708281), near the Early-Middle Triassic boundary. The lack of land plants and the rapid continental weathering result in the increase of 87Sr/86Sr ratios during the interval. The Permian-Triassic boundary in Zhongli-ang Mountain Section has been accepted internationally. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of six samples near the boundary vary from 0.70714 to 0.70715 with an average of 0.70714, which is consistent with the value of 0.70715 (samples are from articulate brachiopod shells) from Korte et al. published in 2006 (within the error range in experiment). Accordingly, the strontium isotope composition in the Permian-Triassic boundary in this paper is of global significance. It can be confirmed that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the sea-water in the Permian-Triassic transition are in the range of 0.70714―0.70715. | HUANG SiJing Qing HaiRuo HUANG PeiPei HU ZuoWei WANG QingDong ZOU MingLiang LIU HaoNian | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，4： | 24 |
| 6 | Climate changes in East China since the Late-glacial inferred from high-resolution mountain peat humification records显示文摘High-resolution peat humification records were obtained from Dajiuhu of the Shennongjia Mountains and Qianmutian of the Tianmu Mountains to study climate changes in East China.The analyses of pollen,organic matters,TOC,and Rb/Sr indicate a high degree of peat humification and thus strong decomposition of organic matter when climate was dry.Conversely,when climate was humid,the degree of humification is low because peat was preserved in a waterlogged condition.Peat humification from Dajiuhu occurred not only during the Younger Dryas(about 11.4-12.6 cal ka BP),the Blling-Allerd Warm Period(12.6-15.2 cal ka BP),and the Oldest Dryas(about 15.2-16.0 cal ka BP),but also during the early Holocene(about 11.4-9.4 cal ka BP),the 8.2 cal ka BP cold event,and the Holocene Optimum(about 7.0-4.2 cal ka BP).Both peat humification records since nearly 5 ka BP are consistent,showing that mountain peatland has synchronous responses to the East Asia monsoon-induced precipitation.The LOI data confirm the above observation.The monsoon precipitation since nearly 5 ka BP recorded in these two peat profiles can be divided into three phases.During 4.9-3.5 ka BP,precipitation amount was high but fluctuated greatly.During 3.5-0.9 ka BP,precipitation amount was low.During 0.9-0 ka BP,degree of humification reduced gradually,indicating the increase of monsoon precipitation.Contrast to other high-resolution records from East China monsoon region shows that the monsoon precipitation records of the two peat profiles since nearly 16 ka BP are controlled by a common forcing mechanism of summer solar radicalization in the Northern Hemisphere. | MA ChunMei ZHU Cheng ZHENG ChaoGui YIN Qian ZHAO ZhiPing | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，1： | 22 |
| 7 | Pattern and timing of late Cenozoic rapid exhumation and uplift of the Helan Mountain,China显示文摘The Helan Mountain, an intraplate deformation belt in the North China Craton, is located in the northern portion of the China North-South seismic belt, and at the northwestern margin of the Ordos Block. The Cenozoic deformation history of the Helan Mountain is characterized by extension along the eastern Helan Mountain fault (EHSF), resulting in the exhumation and uplift of the Helan Mountain, relative to the rifting of the adjacent Yinchuan Basin. Here we present new apatite fission track (AFT) data from several transects adjacent to the EHSF in the central and northern Helan Mountain. AFT ages from the northern Helan Mountain (Dawukou and Zhengyiguan transects) range from 10 Ma to 89 Ma, whereas AFT ages from the southern Helan Mountain (Suyukou transect) are greater than 71 Ma. The AFT data analysis reveals initiation of rapid uplift and exhumation of the Helan Mountain at 10–12 Ma. Additionally, a plot of the AFT ages versus their mean track length shows a distinctive 'boomerang' pattern indicating that the Helan Mountain experienced a discrete phase of accelerated exhumation beginning at 10-12 Ma. Spatially, AFT samples systematically increase in age away from the EHSF and are consistent with late Cenozoic exhumation that was slow in the southwestern Helan Mountain and rapid in the northeastern Helan Mountain, as well more rapid adjacent to the EHSF and slower away from the EHSF. Obviously, the spatial distribution of late Cenozoic exhumation indicates that normal faulting of the EHSF is related to southwestward tilting and rapid exhumation of the Helan Mountain beginning at 10–12 Ma. The uplift and exhumation of the Helan Mountain was a response to the intensive extension of the northwestern margin of the Ordos Block in the late Cenozoic; this occurred under a regional extensional stress field oriented NW-SE along the Yinchuan-Jilantai-Hetao and the Weihe-Shanxi graben systems adjacent to the Ordos Block. | LIU JianHui ZHANG PeiZhen ZHENG DeWen WAN JinLin WANG WeiTao DU Peng LEI QiYun | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，3： | 23 |
| 8 | THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF THE WINTER FOG IN CHONGQING METROPOLITAN AREA AND ITS FORMATION PROCESS显示文摘Chongqing is a very famous foggy metropolitan in China.The Chongqing Fog Experiment Group carried out com-prehensive experiments on a large and extensive scale in the Chongqing urban area from 15 December 1989 to 15 Janua-ry 1990.And several items were further observed from 7 December 1990 to 7 January 1991.Based on the analysis of theobservational data,some important characteristics of the Chongqing winter fog and the boundary layer structure havebeen revealed.It is found that such factors as topography,mountain wind,rivers,the urban heat island and airpollution,all contribute to the formation of the Chongqing fog in addition to the radiation conditions. | 李子华 张利民 张庆鸿 | 1994 | Acta meteorologica Sinica1994，8，3： | 23 |
| 9 | Biomass and carbon dynamics of a tropical mountain rain forest in China显示文摘Biometric inventories for 25 years,from 1983 to 2005,indicated that the Jianfengling tropical mountain rain forest in Hainan,China,was either a source or a modest sink of carbon.Overall,this forest was a small carbon sink with an accumulation rate of(0.56±0.22) Mg C ha-1yr-1,integrated from the long-term measurement data of two plots(P9201 and P8302).These findings were similar to those for African and American rain forests((0.62±0.23) Mg C ha-1yr-1).The carbon density varied between(201.43±29.38) Mg C ha-1 and(229.16±39.2) Mg C ha-1,and averaged(214.17±32.42) Mg C ha-1 for plot P9201.Plot P8302,however,varied between(223.95±45.92) Mg C ha-1 and(254.85±48.86) Mg C ha-1,and averaged(243.35±47.64) Mg C ha-1.Quadratic relationships were found between the strength of carbon sequestration and heavy rainstorms and dry months.Precipitation and evapotranspiration are two major factors controlling carbon sequestration in the tropical mountain rain forest. | CHEN DeXiang1*,LI YiDe1,LIU HePing2,XU Han1,XIAO WenFa3,LUO TuShou1,ZHOU Zhang4 & LIN MingXian1 1Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China 2Department of Physics,Atmospheric Science and Geoscience,Jackson State University,MS 39217,USA 3Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China 4Department of Ecology,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100872,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 20 |
| 10 | Discovery of Quaternary glacial evidence of Snow Mountain in Taiwan, China显示文摘There are glacial remains of three different periods on the main peak of Snow Mountain in Taiwan province, including cirque lake, crosswall, polished surface, striation, moraine ete. These three different periods were called, respectively, Shanzhuang ((44.25 ± 3.72) kaBP), Shuiyuan ((18.26 ± 1.52) kaBP), and Xueshan glacial stages (the late period of last glaciation). it is characterized by the earlier glacier broad in scale. | CUI Zhijiu YANG Jianfu LIU Gengnian WANG Xin SONG Guocheng | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，6： | 20 |
| 11 | Numerical simulation for the coupling effect of local atmospheric circulations over the area of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province显示文摘Using the model system MM5.V3 and multi-layer grid nesting technique, we have done a multi-scale numerical simulation over the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province to analyze the temperature and wind field there and study its local circulations. The results show a coupling effect of Urban Heat Island Circulation (UHIC), Mountain Valley Breeze (MVB) and Sea Land Breeze (SLB) occurs in this area when the synoptic system is weak. The SLB can penetrate deep into the mainland for about 200 km when it is blooming. MVB can extend to south and cover almost the whole plain area in Beijing. Both MVB and SLB are diurnal periodical; meanwhile the phase of MVB drops behind that of SLB for about six hours. As a local circulation, the UHIC weakens the two circulations above, and it also has a diurnal period. As a result, the coupling effect of circulations reveals not only different features in spring-summer period and autumn-winter period in a year but also the difference between early morn- ing to noonday and afternoon to night in a day. We noted the diffusion of contamination over the area around Beijing, and found the steady presence of a transport routine of contamination over North-China throughout the year caused by the Coupling Effect mentioned above. This find is important for studying the environment pollution in this area. | LIU ShuHua LIU ZhenXin LI Ju WANG YinChun MA YanJun SHENG Li LIU HePing LIANG FuMing XIN GuoJun WANG JianHua | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，3： | 20 |
| 12 | Discovery and occurrence of high-pressure metapelitic rocks from Altun Mountain Areas, Xinjiang Autonomous Region显示文摘The Altun tectonic zone is an important left-handed strike-slip fault zone on the Asian continent. Recent studies reveal that the left-handed strike slip of this fault zone was developed not only in the Cenozoic, but also during the Late Ordovician. The fault zone is mainly composed of Proterozoic schists, volcanics, quartzites and carbonate rocks bearing stromatolites. The overlying strata are dominated by plateform carbonate rocks and | 车自成 刘良 刘洪福 罗金海 | 1995 | Chinese Science Bulletin1995，40，23： | 20 |
| 13 | An Application of a Mountain Pass Theorem | ZHOU Huan Song Laboratory of Mathematical Physics. Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics. Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 71010, Wuhan 430071. P. R. China | 2002 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2002，18，1： | 18 |
| 14 | Experimental study on N_2O and CH_4 fluxes from the dark coniferous forest zone soil of the Gongga Mountain, China显示文摘The static closed chamber technique is used in the study on the CH4 and N2O fluxes from the soils of primeval Abies fabri forest, the succession Abies fabri forest and the clear-cut areas of mid-aged Abies fabri forest in the Gongga Mountain from May 1998 to September 1999. The results indicate the following: (i) The forest soil serves as the source of atmospheric N2O at the three measurement sites, while the fluxes of CH4 are all negative, and soil is the sink of atmospheric CH4. The comparative relations of N2O emissions between the three sites are expressed as primeval Abies fabri forest > clear-cut areas > succession Abies fabri forest, and those of CH4 consumption fluxes are primeval Abies fabri forest > succession Abies fabri forest > clear-cut areas. (ii) Signifi-cant seasonal variations of N2O emission at various sites were observed, and two emission peaks of N2O occurr during summer (July—August) and spring (February—March), whereas N2O emission is relatively low in winter and spring (mid March—April). Seasonal variations of CH4 consumption at each measurement site fluctuate drastically with unclear regularities. Generally, CH4 consumption fluxes of succession Abies fabri forest and clear-cut areas are higher from mid May to late July but lower in the rest of sampling time, while the CH4 flux keeps a relatively high value even up to Sep-tember in primeval Abies fabri forest. In contrast to primeval Abies fabri forest, the CH4 absorbabili-ties of succession Abies fabri forest and clear-cut areas of mid-aged Abies fabri forest are weaker. Particularly, the absorbability of the clear-cut areas is even weaker as compared with the other two sites, for the deforestation reduces the soil absorbability of atmospheric CH4. (iii) Evident diurnal variation regularity exists in the N2O emissions of primeval Abies fabri forest, and there is a statistic positive correlation between the fluxes of N2O and air temperature (R=0.95, n=11, <0.01), and also the soil temperature of 5-cm layer (R=0.81, n=11, < 0.01), whereas the CH4 diurnal variation regularities are unclear and have no significant correlation with the soil temperature of 5-cm layer and air temperature. | 董云社 齐玉春 罗辑 梁涛 雒昆利 章申 | 2003 | Science China Earth Sciences2003，46，3： | 16 |
| 15 | Discovery and character of the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement显示文摘Based on geomorphological, tectonic and sedimentary data, a Kunlun Yellow River Tectonic Movement has been recognized in 1 10-0 60 Ma B.P. This tectonic movement, which leads to uplift of the Qinghai_Xizang (Tibet) Plateau from 1 500 to 3 000-3 500 m, is periodic, abrupt and changeable in the movement rate of uplifting and slide slipping. | CUI Zhijiu 1, WU Yongqiu 2,3 and LIU Gengnian 1 1. Department of Geography, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Open Research Laboratory of Environmental Changes and Natural Disaster of State Education Commission, Beijing 100875, China | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，10： | 16 |
| 16 | Challenges and Development Prospects of Ultra-Long and Ultra-Deep Mountain Tunnels显示文摘1. Introduction Social development has led to the placement of high standards on ultra-long and ultra-deep mountain tunnels. Disasters may be encountered during the construction and maintenance of such mountain tunnels due to high geostress, high geotemperature, high hydraulic pressure, and special adverse strata, in addition to various other problems caused by engineering activities. To deal with uncertain geological conditions during mountain tunnel construction, comprehensive geological prediction, refined monitoring, and dynamic design and construction methods based on information technology should be adopted. For the operation and maintenance of ultra-long tunnels, the concepts of dynamic evacuation rescue, active protection, energy conservation, and environmental protection should be fully embodied in order to address significant problems related to ventilation, rescue situations, and energy consumption. Moreover, integrated construction and maintenance should be carried out to achieve digital sensing and intelligent maintenance. | Hehua Zhu Jinxiu Yan Wenhao Liang | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，3： | 16 |
| 17 | Sm-Nd isochron age of ophiolite along northern margin of Altun Tagh Mountain and its tectonic significance显示文摘An ophiolite belt is exposed to the northern edge of Altun Tagh Mountain. Geochronological researches were made on gabbro and basalt. Sm-Nd isochron age of gabbro is (829 ± 60) Ma, while the age of gabbro mixed basalt is (949 ± 62) Ma. The dating of Sm-Nd isochron proves that ophiolite formed in (829 ± 60) Ma, which implies that the northern half of Tarim (or north Tarim Block) had been separated by an ocean from the southern half of Tarim and Qaidam (or south Tarim Block) until (829 ± 60) Ma. The south Tarim Block could accrete to the north Tarim Block at the beginning of Sinian,thereby forming the north Altun Tagh suture. The Sinian system would be the first cover on the amalgamated Tarim craton. | Zhaojie Guo Zhicheng Zhang Jianjun Wang | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，5： | 14 |
| 18 | The recognition of adakite-type gneisses in the North Dabie Mountain and its implication to ultrahigh pressure metamorphic geology显示文摘Adakite is an igneous rock generated by the partial melting of subducting ocean slab in an island arc setting. Meanwhile, residuals of the slab-melting are transformed to eclogite or garnet-amphibolite during a slab subduction process. This note reports the adakite-type grey gneisses discovered in the North Dabie Mountain. These adakitic rocks are characterized by high AI2O3(14.97%-17.56%), Sr (545-941 μg/g), Sr/Y (44.71-218.98), La/Yb (16.70-97.50), and low Y (3.32-12.19μg/g), Yb (0.31-1.34 μg/g), Sc (0.92-4.2μg/g), as well as positive Sr anomaly but absent or positive Eu anomaly. They are different from the low aluminum grey gneisses with low AI2O3 (13.73%-14.38%), Sr (262-409 μg/g), Sr/Y (6.46-15.97) and La/Yb (1.90-22.60), high Y(21.79-36.24 μg/g), Yb (2.00-5.59 μg/g) , Sc (8.30%-12.70%), and negative Sr, Eu anomaly in the North Dabie Mountain. The adakite-type grey gneisses in the North Dabie Mountain were most probably formed by the partial melting of subducting ocean slab before the | WANG Qiang XU Jifeng WANG Jianxin ZHAO Zhenhua WANG Renjing QIU Jiaxiang XIONG Xiaolin SANG Longkang PENG Lianhong | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，21： | 12 |
| 19 | Mountain tunnel under earthquake force:A review of possible causes of damages and restoration methods显示文摘Accurate seismic assessment and proper aseismic design of underground structures require a comprehensive understanding of seismic performance and response of underground structures under earthquake force.In order to understand the seismic behavior of tunnels during an earthquake,a wide collection of case histories has been reviewed from the available literature with respect to damage classification,to discuss the possible causes of damage,such as earthquake parameters,structural form and geological conditions.In addition,a case of Tawarayama tunnel subjected to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake is studied.Discussion on the possible influence factors aims at improving the performancebased aseismic design of tunnels.Finally,restoration design criterion and methods are presented taking Tawarayama tunnel as an example. | Xuepeng Zhang Yujing Jiang Kazuhiko Maegawa | 2020 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2020，12，2： | 11 |
| 20 | Tree-ring-based reconstruction of the April to September mean temperature since 1826 AD for north-central Shaanxi Province,China显示文摘Long-time series of high-resolution temperature record from Chinese Loess Plateau is rare. An April-September mean temperature reconstruction (1826-2004) has been developed for the north-central Shaanxi Province, China, based on tree-ring width analysis. The reconstruction captures 39.3% (p<0.001) of the variance in the instrumental data over the calibration period from 1951 to 2002. The reconstruction shows a high temperature period of 1928-1933, which coincides with the timing of the extreme drought event in 1920s in the entire northern China. The two low temperature periods in reconstruction are 1883-1888 and 1938-1942. With the global warming, the April-September mean temperature in study area has also increased since the 1970s, but has not exceeded the temperature in 1928-1933. Besides the statistical analysis, the reconstruction is also verified by the local dryness/wetness index and other dendroclimatological results. | CAI QiuFang LIU Yu SONG HuiMing SUN JunYan | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，8： | 10 |
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