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| 1 | Coordinated Scheduling of Energy Resources for Distributed DHCs in an Integrated Energy Grid显示文摘As more and more distributed renewable energy resources connected to electric power grids,the conventional power system evolves into an integrated energy grid(IEG)in order to satisfy various types of energy demands.This paper proposes a model of the coordinated scheduling of energy resources(CSoERs)for distributed district heating and cooling systems(DHCs)in an IEG.The model takes into consideration both the dispatchable grid-connected generators and distributed renewable energy resources,such as wind energy,solar energy and natural gas.The objective is to minimize the operation costs in the IEG in order to satisfy not only the electrical loads but also the heating loads and cooling loads.Furthermore,an energy storage system for heating loads and cooling loads is also developed in the DHCs to improve the operation reliability in the distributed DHCs.Detailed simulation studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the CSoERs under two different operation scenarios:grid-connected scenario and stand-alone scenario.Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the CSoERs contributes to significant energy saving and reliability operation in both grid-connected scenario and standalone scenario in the IEG. | Qinghua Wu Jiehui Zheng Zhaoxia Jing | 2015 | CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems2015，1，1： | 21 |
| 2 | Insights for global energy interconnection from China renewable energy development显示文摘Vigorously developing global renewable energy such as wind energy,solar energy,and hydropower and realizing global clean resource sharing are paramount driving forces for building the Global Energy Interconnection(GEI).With the help of a comparative analysis of renewable energy development and global renewable energy development scenarios,this paper expounds on the similarities between China^1 and global renewable energy development.Based on the analysis of renewable energy development and the status of global renewable energy development in China,this paper summarizes the relevant experience and problems of renewable energy development in China.According to these problems,this paper also puts forward the corresponding solutions and measures,that is,to promote the healthy and steady development of renewable energy in China through the source-network-load-storage and market coordination.Finally,by analyzing the development requirements and current foundation of GEI,insights and suggestions are proposed for the future development of renewable energy for the GEI construction. | Qili Huang | 2020 | Global Energy Interconnection2020，3，1： | 12 |
| 3 | Applications of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Grid-Scale Energy Storage Systems显示文摘In the electrical energy transformation process,the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization.Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-level energy storage systems because of their rapid response,modularization,and flexible installation.Among several battery technologies,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)exhibit high energy efficiency,long cycle life,and relatively high energy density.In this perspective,the properties of LIBs,including their operation mechanism,battery design and construction,and advantages and disadvantages,have been analyzed in detail.Moreover,the performance of LIBs applied to grid-level energy storage systems is analyzed in terms of the following grid services:(1)frequency regulation;(2)peak shifting;(3)integration with renewable energy sources;and(4)power management.In addition,the challenges encountered in the application of LIBs are discussed and possible research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges are proposed to provide insight into the development of grid-level energy storage systems. | Tianmei Chen Yi Jin Hanyu Lv Antao Yang Meiyi Liu Bing Chen Ying Xie Qiang Chen | 2020 | Transactions of Tianjin University2020，26，3： | 9 |
| 4 | Probabilistic small signal stability analysis of power system with wind power and photovoltaic power based on probability collocation method显示文摘Recently, with increasing improvements in the penetration of wind power and photovoltaic power in the world, probabilistic small signal stability analysis(PSSSA) of a power system consisting of multiple types of renewable energy has become a key problem. To address this problem, this study proposes a probabilistic collocation method(PCM)-based PSSSA for a power system consisting of wind farms and photovoltaic farms. Compared with the conventional Monte Carlo method, the proposed method meets the accuracy and precision requirements and greatly reduces the computation; therefore, it is suitable for the PSSSA of this power system. Case studies are conducted based on a 4-machine 2-area and New England systems, respectively. The simulation results show that, by reducing synchronous generator output to improve the penetration of renewable energy, the probabilistic small signal stability(PSSS) of the system is enhanced. Conversely, by removing part of the synchronous generators to improve the penetration of renewable energy, the PSSS of the system may be either enhanced or deteriorated. | Cai Yan Linli Zhou Wei Yao Jinyu Wen Shijie Cheng | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，1： | 9 |
| 5 | An overview of the development history and technical progress of China's coal-fired power industry显示文摘As the main power source of China, coalfired power industry has achieved a great progress in installed capacity, manufacturing technologies, thermal efficiency, as well as pollutant control during the past century. With the fast development of renewable energies, coal-fired power industry is experiencing a strategic transformation. To specify the development of coal-fired power industry, its development history is reviewed and the technical progresses on aspects of thermal efficiency, pollutants control and peaking shaving capacity are discussed. It is concluded that the role of China's coal-fired power source would be transformed from the dominant position to a base position in power source structure. Considering the sustainable development of coal-fired power industry in energy conservation, emission control, and utilization of renewable energies, it is suggested that the national average thermal efficiency should be improved by continual up-gradation of units by using advanced technologies and eliminating outdated capacity. Moreover, the emission standard of air pollutants should not be stricter any more in coal-fired power industry. Furthermore, the huge amount of combined heat and power (CHP) coal-fired units should be operated in a decoupled way, so as to release more than 350 GW regulation capacity for the grid to accept more renewable energy power. | Weiliang WANG Zheng LI Junfu LYU Hai ZHANG Guangxi YUE Weidou NI | 2019 | Frontiers in Energy2019，13，3： | 6 |
| 6 | Quantitative analysis of distributed and centralized development of renewable energy显示文摘Global renewable energy has maintained a steady growth in recent years, mainly fostered by national policies and increasing demand. Analyzing the experience of renewable energy development in developed countries can be important to provide reference and guidance for its adoption in other countries. First, we compare and summarize definitions of distributed generation from 18 leading countries and organizations in renewable energy. On this basis, we provide three basic characteristics for successful distributed generation using renewable resources. Then, we empirically analyze the distributed and centralized development of renewable energy in Germany with focus on wind and photovoltaic power. We determined that 95% of the photovoltaic generation and 85% of the wind power generation is distributed in Germany, suggesting that the most suitable generation mode for renewable energy is the distributed approach. | Xiaolu Wang Nana Li Wei Sun Shan Xu Zedong Zhang | 2018 | Global Energy Interconnection2018，1，5： | 6 |
| 7 | Decentralized Control for Residential Energy Management of a Smart Users' Microgrid with Renewable Energy Exchange显示文摘This paper presents a decentralized control strategy for the scheduling of electrical energy activities of a microgrid composed of smart homes connected to a distributor and exchanging renewable energy produced by individually owned distributed energy resources. The scheduling problem is stated and solved with the aim of reducing the overall energy supply from the grid, by allowing users to exchange the surplus renewable energy and by optimally planning users' controllable loads. We assume that each smart home can both buy/sell energy from/to the grid taking into account time-varying non-linear pricing signals. Simultaneously, smart homes cooperate and may buy/sell locally harvested renewable energy from/to other smart homes. The resulting optimization problem is formulated as a non-convex non-linear programming problem with a coupling of decision variables in the constraints. The proposed solution is based on a novel heuristic iterative decentralized scheme algorithm that suitably extends the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers to a non-convex and decentralized setting. We discuss the conditions that guarantee the convergence of the presented algorithm. Finally, the application of the proposed technique to a case study under several scenarios shows its effectiveness. | Raffaele Carli Mariagrazia Dotoli | 2019 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2019，6，3： | 6 |
| 8 | Numerical study of hydrodynamic mechanism of dynamic tidal power显示文摘Dynamic tidal power is a new way of capturing tidal energy by building a water head using a dike perpendicular to the coast. This study explored the hydrodynamic mechanism of the water head across an intended dynamic tidal power dike system using the Delft3 D-FLOW software module. The propagating wave was simulated in a rectangular domain with a horizontal sea bottom at a 30-m depth. A significant water head was created across the dike by blocking the water. The water head increased with increasing dike length and increasing undisturbed tidal current acceleration. The maximum water head for the dike with a length of 50 km, located 900 km from the western boundary, was 2.15 m,which exceeded the undisturbed tidal range. The time series of the water head behaved in a manner identical to the undisturbed tidal current acceleration. The distribution of the water head over the dike assumed an elliptical shape. A parasitic wave was generated at the attachment and scattered outward. The phase lag across the dike did not behave as a linear function of the detour distance. | Peng Dai Ji-sheng Zhang Jin-hai Zheng Kees Hulsbergen Gijs van Banning Jeroen Adema Zi-xuan Tang | 2018 | Water Science and Engineering2018，11，3： | 5 |
| 9 | Building a sustainable organizational energy evaluation system in the Asia Pacific显示文摘In the face of climate change and with the vision for the future of humanity represented by the Sustainability Development Goals,sustainability has become associated with the major and rapid transformation of global systems and the resilience of transformed systems to adapt over time.This dynamic view of transformation has implications for both the design of tran sformatio nal energy in itiatives and their evaluation.As there is an urge nt n eed to evaluate the scale,scope,nature,and sufficiency of transformation toward planetary sustainability,a framework(model)is proposed to determine the most effective en ergy evaluati on capacity buildi ng strategies for achievi ng various in dividual and group level outcomes,most effective strategies for certain types of participants,and design of different strategies to maximize their impact in a sustainable way.Furthermore,a new energy evaluation organization is identified,which is expected to lead us into this new era. | Edward Vine | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，5： | 5 |
| 10 | Optimal capacity planning of combined renewable energy source-pumped storage and seawater desalination systems显示文摘As water scarcity is becoming a growing threat to human development, finding effective solutions has become an urgent need. To make better use of water resources, seawater desalination and storage systems using renewable energy sources(RES) are designed and implemented around the world. In this paper, an optimal capacity planning method for RES-pumped storage-seawater desalination(RES-PS-D) system is introduced. The configuration of the RES-PS-D system is clarified first, after which a cost-benefit analysis is performed using all cost and benefit components. A function for determining maximum economic benefits of the RES-PS-D system is then established, and the constraints are proposed based on various limitations. The mixed-integer linear programming algorithm is applied to solve the optimal function. A case study is introduced to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The conclusion shows that the strategy is suitable for solving the configuration optimization problem, and finally both merits and defects of the method are discussed. | Boyu Liu Bowen Zhou Dongsheng Yang Zhile Yang Mingjian Cui | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，4： | 4 |
| 11 | Theory, technology and prospects of conventional and unconventional natural gas显示文摘The development of natural gas in China has entered a golden and leap-forward stage, which is a necessary bridge to clean energy. This in-depth study on the status quo, theory, technology and prospect of natural gas development shows:(1) The global remaining proven recoverable reserves of natural gas are 186×1012 m3, and the reserves-production ratio is 52.4, indicating a solid resource base for long-term and rapid development.(2) Ten formation and distribution laws of conventional and unconventional natural gas reservoirs have been proposed. In terms of exploration geology, the theory of conventional 'monolithic' giant gas fields with different gas sources, and an unconventional gas accumulation theory with continuous distribution of 'sweet areas' in different lithologic reservoirs have been established; in terms of development geology, a development theory of conventional structural gas reservoirs is oriented to 'controlling water intrusion', while a development theory of unconventional gas is concentrated on man-made gas reservoirs.(3) With the geological resources(excluding hydrates) of 210×1012 m3 and the total proven rate of the resources less than 2% at present, the natural gas in China will see a constant increase in reserve and production; by 2030, the proven geological reserves of natural gas are expected to reach about(6 000-7 000)×108 m3, the production of conventional and unconventional natural gas each will reach about 1 000×108 m3, and the gas consumption will reach 5 500×108 m3. The dependence on imported natural gas may be 64% by 2030, and 70% by 2050.(4) Ten measures for future development of natural gas have been proposed, including strengthening exploration in large-scale resource areas, increasing the development benefits of unconventional gas, and enhancing the peak adjusting capacity of gas storage and scale construction of liquified natural gas. | ZOU Caineng YANG Zhi HE Dongbo WEI Yunsheng LI Jian JIA Ailin CHEN Jianjun ZHAO Qun LI Yilong LI Jun YANG Shen | 2018 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2018，45，4： | 4 |
| 12 | Regulating cost for renewable energy integration in power grids显示文摘To address the issue of climate change caused by the use of polluting, non-renewable energy sources, the use of renewable energy has gained momentum worldwide. Consequently, the increased integration of renewable energy sources into power grids has necessitated the inclusion of flexible capacities in the power systems to solve problems of intermittent and fluctuating characteristics associated with renewable generation outputs. In this work, we study the regulating cost of a power system with high renewable penetration using an improved time-series system production simulation analysis method. The operational cost of the system is considered as the objective function. Three different methods to increase regulating capacities, including using interconnection lines, building additional flexible power capacities, and retrofitting existing thermal power plants, are adopted and simulated to compare the costs of accommodating renewable energy in the system in these cases. Our results indicate that increasing the flexibility of thermal power plants and developing crossregional connection lines are cost-effective methods of increasing renewable energy consumption. | Dong Zhang Peiyu You Fan Liu Yuhong Zhang Yantao Zhang Chao Feng | 2018 | Global Energy Interconnection2018，1，5： | 3 |
| 13 | Observer based sliding mode frequency control for multi-machine power systems with high renewable energy显示文摘With the global consciousness of climate change, renewable energy systems are prioritized over the conventional energy systems. The deep injection of renewables into the power systems is creating several challenges to the grid due to wide variations in their output power depending on the time of the day, weather etc. Of these challenges, frequency change plays a vital role in maintaining the power quality. This paper presents a novel sliding mode controller with non-linear disturbance observer to effectively mitigate the wide changes in the frequency. A sliding mode surface based on estimated disturbance along with states is designed. A sliding mode control law is proposed to compensate disturbances including variations in renewables, load and parameters under mismatched uncertainties. The proposed observer based controller is tested for three area multi-machine power system in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulated results proved to alleviate the frequency variations effectively compared to the conventional controllers. | Ayyarao S.L.V.TUMMALA Ravikiran INAPAKURTHI P.V.RAMANARAO | 2018 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2018，6，3： | 3 |
| 14 | Optimal sizing of PV and battery-based energy storage in an offgrid nanogrid supplying batteries to a battery swapping station显示文摘Nanogrids are expected to play a significant role in managing the ever-increasing distributed renewable energy sources. If an off-grid nanogrid can supply fullycharged batteries to a battery swapping station(BSS)serving regional electric vehicles(EVs), it will help establish a structure for implementing renewable-energyto-vehicle systems. A capacity planning problem is formulated to determine the optimal sizing of photovoltaic(PV) generation and battery-based energy storage system(BESS) in such a nanogrid. The problem is formulated based on the mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)and then solved by a robust optimization approach. Flexible uncertainty sets are employed to adjust the conservativeness of the robust optimization, and Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to compare the performance of the solutions. Case studies demonstrate the merits of the proposed applications and verify the approach. | Mingfei BAN Jilai YU Mohammad SHAHIDEHPOUR Danyang GUO | 2019 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2019，7，2： | 3 |
| 15 | The Severn Barrage and other tidal energy options:Hydrodynamic and power output modelling显示文摘Details are given herein of the current main proposals for tidal energy provision from the Severn Estuary, in the UK, with particular emphasis being focused on the Severn Barrage project, as originally promoted by the Severn Tidal Power Group. In particular, emphasis has focused on assessing the potential hydro-environmental impacts and power outputs of a barrage across the estuary, with an unstructured grid, high resolution, model being developed and applied to the estuary to assess the implications of each of five shortlisted proposed schemes on the hydrodynamic, geomorphologic, flood risk and faecal indicator organism changes within the estuary. An outline is given of recent research on power refinements to the model to assess the options for power generation. The results show that the Severn Barrage has the potential to reduce the tidal currents in a highly dynamic estuary. This leads to the reduction of suspended sediment loads (particularly upstream of the barrage), an increase of light penetration within the water column and, potentially, an increase in the benthic bio-diversity and the level of aquatic life in the estuary. The results also show that the Severn Barrage will reduce markedly the risk of flooding upstream of the barrage and to a lesser extent downstream of the structure. In contrast the alternative options have far less impact on flood risk changes. In addition to the Severn Barrage some results are shown herein for a typical lagoon option, namely the Fleming Lagoon. | Roger A. Falconer Reza Ahmadian | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，11： | 3 |
| 16 | A study on the interference effects for tidal current power rotors显示文摘Due to global warming, the need to secure an alternative resource has become more important nationally. With the high tidal range of up to 9.7 m on the west coast of Korea, numerous tidal current projects are being planned and constructed. To extract a significant quantity of power, a tidal current farm with a multi-arrangement is necessary in the ocean. The rotor, which initially converts the energy, is a very important component because it affects the efficiency of the entire system, and its performance is determined by various design variables. The power generation is strongly dependent on the size of the rotor and the incoming flow velocity. However, the interactions between devices also contribute significantly to the total power capacity. Therefore, rotor performance considering the interaction problems needs to be investigated for generating maximum power in a specific field. This paper documents a performance study of devices considering the interference between rotating rotors with axial, transverse and diagonal arrangements. | Chul-Hee JO Kang-Hee LEE Jin-Young YIM | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，11： | 3 |
| 17 | Control and power electronics technology in renewable energy显示文摘As the cut-in point of research on control and power electronics technology used in renewable energy, this paper does not aim to analyze particular theories or tech-nologies in this field, but, instead, is to go back to the fountainhead of the issue to illustrate the essential concepts in this field, which are usually neglected and may become bottle-neck of the research. Research experiences have shown that con-fusion and trouble may be created if researchers do not understand these essential concepts well. | WU Jie CHEN SiZhe LIU Dan | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，6： | 3 |
| 18 | Long-term forecasting of annual peak load considering effects of demand-side programs显示文摘The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the long-term effects of the proposed demandside program,and its impact on annual peak load forecasting important for strategic network planning.The program comprises a particular set of demand-side measures aimed at reducing the annual peak load.The paper also presents the program simulations for the case study of the Electricity Distribution Company of Belgrade(EDB).According to the methodology used,the first step is to determine the available controllable load of the distribution utility/area under consideration.The controllable load is presumed constant over the analyzed time horizon,and the smart grid(SG)infrastructure available.The saturation of positive effects during intense program application is also taken into account.Technical and economic input data are taken from the real projects.The conducted calculations indicate that demand-side programs can bring about the same results as the energy storage in the grids with a strong impact of distributed generation from variable renewable sources(V-RES).In conclusion,the proposed demand-side program is a good alternative to building new power facilities,which can postpone investment costs for a considerable period of time. | Nikola Lj.RAJAKOVIC Vladimir M.SHILJKUT | 2018 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2018，6，1： | 3 |
| 19 | Evaluation of renewable energies production potential in the Middle East:confronting the world’s energy crisis显示文摘Oil and fossil fuels,the main source of energy in the Middle East have obviously the most destructive effects on the environment and public health.The developed countries of the Middle East are faced with the crisis and energy security.This paper is about evaluating the energy demand/consumption in the Middle East.First,the position of energy consumption in the world and the Middle East is discussed.Next,the evaluation of the current potential of clean energy production from renewable energies is explained.Finally,according to related maps,charts and information presented for the condition of renewable energy which has been approved by the countries of the Middle East,the greatest places in some countries of this region are introduced and discussed. | Hamid BAHRAMPOUR Amir Khosro BEHESHTI MARNANI Mohammad Bagher ASKARI Mohammad Reza BAHRAMPOUR | 2020 | Frontiers in Energy2020，14，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Pumped hydro energy storage and 100 % renewable electricity for East Asia显示文摘Rapid cost reductions have led to the widespread deployment of renewable technologies such as solar photovoltaics(PV)and wind globally.Additional storage is needed when the share of solar PV and wind in electricity production rises to 50–100%.Pumped hydro energy storage constitutes 97%of the global capacity of stored power and over 99%of stored energy and is the leading method of energy storage.Off-river pumped hydro energy storage options,strong interconnections over large areas,and demand management can support a highly renewable electricity system at a modest cost.East Asia has abundant wind,solar,and off-river pumped hydro energy resources.The identified pumped hydro energy storage potential is 100 times more than required to support 100%renewable energy in East Asia. | Cheng Cheng Andrew Blakers Matthew Stocks Bin Lu | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，5： | 3 |
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