|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | Kai Xin San ameliorates scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction显示文摘Kai Xin San(KXS, containing ginseng, hoelen, polygala, and acorus), a traditional Chinese herbal compound, has been found to regulate cognitive dysfunction; however, its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, 72 specific-pathogen-free male Kunming mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into a vehicle control group, scopolamine group, low-dose KXS group, moderate-dose KXS group, high-dose KXS group, and positive control group. Except for the vehicle control group and scopolamine groups(which received physiological saline), the doses of KXS(0.7, 1.4 and 2.8 g/kg per day) and donepezil(3 mg/kg per day) were gastrointestinally administered once daily for 2 weeks. On day 8 after intragastric treatment, the behavioral tests were carried out. Scopolamine group and intervention groups received scopolamine 3 mg/kg per day through intraperitoneal injection. The effects of KXS on spatial learning and memory, pathological changes of brain tissue, expression of apoptosis factors, oxidative stress injury factors, synapse-associated protein, and cholinergic neurotransmitter were measured. The results confirmed the following.(1) KXS shortened the escape latency and increased residence time in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossings in the Morris water maze.(2) KXS increased the percentage of alternations between the labyrinth arms in the mice of KXS groups in the Y-maze.(3) Nissl and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining revealed that KXS promoted the production of Nissl bodies and inhibited the formation of apoptotic bodies.(4) Western blot assay showed that KXS up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. KXS up-regulated the expression of postsynaptic density 95, synaptophysin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.(5) KXS increased the level and activity of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and reduced the level and activity of acetyl cholinesterase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde through acting on the cholinergic system and reducing oxidative stress damage. These results indicate that KXS plays a neuroprotective role and improves cognitive function through reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress, and regulating synapse-associated protein and cholinergic neurotransmitters. | Yu-Min Xu Xin-Chen Wang Ting-Ting Xu Hong-Ying Li Shang-Yan Hei Na-Chuan Luo Hong Wang Wei Zhao Shu-Huan Fang Yun-Bo Chen Li Guan Yong-Qi Fang Shi-Jie Zhang Qi Wang Wei-Xiong Liang | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，5： | 11 |
| 2 | Inhibitory effects of patchouli alcohol on stress-induced diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM To elucidate the mechanism of patchouli alcohol(PA) in treatment of rat models of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).METHODS We studied the effects of PA on colonic spontaneous motility using its cumulative log concentration(3 × 10^(-7) mol/L to 1 × 10^(-4)mol/L). We then determined the responses of the proximal and distal colon segments of rats to the folowing stimuli:(1) carbachol(1 × 10^(-9) mol/L to 1 × 10^(-5) mol/L);(2) neurotransmitter antagonists including N~ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(10μmol/L) and(1 R~*, 2 S~*)-4-[2-Iodo-6-(methylamino)-9 Hpurin-9-yl]-2-(phosphonooxy)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-methanol dihydrogen phosphate ester tetraammonium salt(1 μmol/L);(3) agonist α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate trisodium salt(100 μmol/L); and(4) single KCl doses(120 mmol/L). The effects of blockers against antagonist responses were also assessed by pretreatment with PA(100 μmol/L) for 1 min. Electrical-field stimulation(40 V, 2-30 Hz, 0.5 ms pulse duration, and 10 s) was performed to observe nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmitter release in IBS-D rat colon. The ATP level of Kreb's solution was also determined.RESULTS PA exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the spontaneous contraction of the colonic longitudinal smooth muscle, and the half maximal effective concentration(EC_(50)) was 41.9 μmol/L. In comparison with the KCl-treated IBS-D group, the contractile response(mg contractions) in the PA + KCl-treated IBS-D group(11.87 ± 3.34) was significantly decreased in the peak tension(P < 0.01). Compared with CCh-treated IBS-D rat colon, the cholinergic contractile response of IBS-D rat colonic smooth muscle(EC_(50) = 0.94 μmol/L) was significantly decreased by PA(EC_(50) = 37.43 μmol/L)(P < 0.05). Lack of nitrergic neurotransmitter release in stress-induced IBS-D rats showed contraction effects on colonic smooth muscle. Pretreatment with PA resulted in inhibitory effect on l-NAME-induced(10 μmol/L) contraction(P < 0.05). ATP might not be the main neurotransmitter involved in inhibitory effects of PA in the colonic relaxation of stressinduced IBS-D rats.CONCLUSION PA application may serve as a new therapeutic approach for IBS-D. | Tian-Ran Zhou Jing-Jing Huang Zi-Tong Huang Hong-Ying Cao Bo Tan | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，6： | 10 |
| 3 | Mechanisms of neuroplasticity and brain degeneration: strategies for protection during the aging process显示文摘Aging is a dynamic and progressive process that begins at conception and continues until death.This process leads to a decrease in homeostasis and morphological,biochemical and psychological changes,increasing the individual’s vulnerability to various diseases.The growth in the number of aging populations has increased the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases,impairment of the central nervous system and dementias,such as Alzheimer’s disease,whose main risk factor is age,leading to an increase of the number of individuals who need daily support for life activities.Some theories about aging suggest it is caused by an increase of cellular senescence and reactive oxygen species,which leads to inflammation,oxidation,cell membrane damage and consequently neuronal death.Also,mitochondrial mutations,which are generated throughout the aging process,can lead to changes in energy production,deficiencies in electron transport and apoptosis induction that can result in decreased function.Additionally,increasing cellular senescence and the release of proinflammatory cytokines can cause irreversible damage to neuronal cells.Recent reports point to the importance of changing lifestyle by increasing physical exercise,improving nutrition and environmental enrichment to activate neuroprotective defense mechanisms.Therefore,this review aims to address the latest information about the different mechanisms related to neuroplasticity and neuronal death and to provide strategies that can improve neuroprotection and decrease the neurodegeneration caused by aging and environmental stressors. | Mariana Toricelli Arthur Antonio Ruiz Pereira Guilherme Souza Abrao Helena Nascimento Malerba Julia Maia Hudson Sousa Buck Tania Araujo Viel | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，1： | 8 |
| 4 | Propofol decreases the excitability of cholinergic neurons in mouse basal forebrain via GABAa receptors显示文摘Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic that can active y-aminobutyric acid A (GABAa) receptors and generate sedative-hypnotic effects. Propofol has been widely applied clinically to achieve sedation comparable to sleep in humans. The basal forebrain (BF) is a brain region that plays an important role in sleep-wake regulation. Previous studies suggest that propofol affects the sleep-wake circuit via the BF;however, the mechanism remains elusive. In the current study we investigated the effects of propofol on the inherent properties of cholinergic neurons and their ability to convert excitatory inputs into spikes in mouse BF slices using wholecell patch clamp recordings. Bath application of propofol (10μM) significantly elevated the threshold potentials (Vts), decreased the number of spikes in response to a depolarizing current injection, and augmented the inter-spike intervals (ISIs), energy barrier (Vts- Vrs), and absolute refractory periods (ARPs). These effects were eliminated by co-application of a GABAa receptor antagonist picrotoxin (50μM). Altogether, our results reveal that propofol decreases the excitability of cholinergic neurons in mouse BF via GABAa receptors. | Lei Chen Zhi-lai Yang Juan Cheng Ping-ping Zhang Le-sha Zhang Xue-sheng Liu Lie-cheng Wang | 2019 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2019，40，6： | 7 |
| 5 | Pharmacological Modulation of Vagal Nerve Activity in Cardiovascular Diseases显示文摘Cardiovascular diseases are life-threatening illnesses with high morbidity and mortality. Suppressed vagal(parasympathetic) activity and increased sympathetic activity are involved in these diseases. Currently, pharmacological interventions primarily aim to inhibit overexcitation of sympathetic nerves, while vagal modulation has been largely neglected. Many studies have demonstrated that increased vagal activity reduces cardiovascular risk factors in both animal models and human patients.Therefore, the improvement of vagal activity may be an alternate approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, drugs used for vagus nerve activation in cardiovascular diseases are limited in the clinic. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential drug targets for modulating vagal nerve activation, including muscarinic, and b-adrenergic receptors. In addition,vagomimetic drugs(such as choline, acetylcholine, and pyridostigmine) and the mechanism underlying their cardiovascular protective effects are also discussed. | Longzhu Liu Ming Zhao Xiaojiang Yu Weijin Zang | 2019 | Neuroscience Bulletin2019，35，1： | 5 |
| 6 | TRH microinjection into DVC enhances motility of rabbits gallbladder via vagus nerve显示文摘TRHmicroinjectionintoDVCenhancesmotilityofrabbitsgalbladderviavagusnerveLIUChuanYong,LIUJingZhang,ZHOUJianHua,WANGHanRu,... | Liu, CY Liu, JZ Zhou, JH Wang, HR Li, ZY Li, AJ Liu, KJ | 1998 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1998，4，2： | 4 |
| 7 | Reduction of choline acetyltransferase activities in APP770 transgenic mice显示文摘Transgenic mice overexpressing the 770-amino acid isoform of human Alzheimeramyloid precursor protein exhibit extracellular β-amyloid deposits in brain regions including cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which are severely affected in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Significant reduction in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities has been observed in both cortical and hippocampal brain regions in the transgenic mice at the age of 10 months compared with the age-matched non-transgenic mice, but such changes have not been observed in any brain regions of the transgenic mice under the age of 5 months. These results suggest that deposition of β-amyloid can induce changes in the brain cholinergic system of the transgenic mice. | LI HuiInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，9： | 2 |
| 8 | MicroRNA-124 mediates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory action through inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines显示文摘The vagus nerve can control inflammatory response through a ' cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway', which is mediated by the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on macrophages. However, the intracel- lular mechanisms that link α7nAChR activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production remain not well under- stood. In this study, we found that miR-124 is upregulated by cholinergic agonists in LPS-exposed cells and mice. Utilizing miR-124 mimic and siRNA knockdown, we demonstrated that miR-124 is a critical mediator for the cho- linergic anti-inflammatory action. Furthermore, our data indicated that miR-124 modulates LPS-induced cytokine production by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to decrease IL-6 production and TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) to reduce TNF-ot release. These results also indicate that miR-124 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. | | 2015 | 中国药理学通报2015，31，B11： | 1 |
| 9 | NP-3 Effects of Osthole Microemulsion by Nasal Administration on the Cholinergic Pathway in AD Mice显示文摘Objectives:Fructus Cnidii is the dry ripe fruit of Cnidium monnieri(L.)Cuss.,which belongs to the umbelliferous plant.It has long been used in clinic practice and has been found to have pharmacological activity in the central nervous system.Osthole is the main active component of Fructus Cnidii.However,it shows low bioavailability,fast distribution and elimination,and low concentration in the brain when given orally.In this study,we aimed to develop a new dosage form to increase the osthole concentration in the brain and enhance its pharmacological effects in the central nervous system through reducing the dosage while improving the stability and bioavailability.Thus,microemulsion containing osthole was prepared and the effects of osthole microemulsion were examined in the mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:On the basis of pseudo-ternary phase diagram,microemulsion was prepared by using polyoxyethlated Cremophor RH40 as emulsifiers,propylene glycol as assistant emulsifiers and ethyl acetate as the oil phase.The particle size and distribution of osthole microemulsion were detected by laser particle size analyzer and transmission election microscope.The content of osthole was determined by UV spectrophotometry.The effects of osthole microemulsion by nasal administration on the learning and memory abilities in scopolamine-treated mice were assessed by Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests.The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione(GSH)levels and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents in the serum were examined to evaluate the oxidant stress.Choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)expression in the olfactory-basal forebrain pathway were detected by immunohistochemical analysis.We also investigated the acetylcholine(ACh)levels and the histological morphology in the brain.Results:The average particle size of 1μg·μL-1 osthole microemulsion was less than 15 nm.It was characterized as spheres under the transmission electron microscopy,and the osthole was completely encapsulated in the microemulsion core.Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests showed that osthole microemulsion improved spatial and object learning and memory in scopolamine-treated mice.Moreover,osthole microemulsion restored the abnormal activity of SOD and increased the levels of MDA and GSH in the serum.Brain immunohistochemistry staining showed that osthole microemulsion up-regulated ChAT expression,while down-regulated AChE in the olfactory-basal forebrain cholinergic pathway.Additionally,the ACh levels and pathological morphology in the brain were also reversed after nasal administration with osthole microemulsion.Conclusion:The 1μg·μL-1 osthole microemulsion is an ideal dosage form with a small particle size,uniform distribution and high permeation.Osthole microemulsion ameliorated memory impairment in scopolamine-teated mice,likely via the olfactory-basal forebrain cholinergic pathway and by reducing oxidative stress.The results implicate the development of intranasal brain targeting drugs as potential treatment of certain central nervous system diseases,including disorders affecting memory such as Alzheimer’s disease. | HOU Xue-qin RONG Cui-ping HAO Ji-fu ZHANG Han-ting | 2018 | 神经药理学报2018，8，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Change of cholinergic transmission and memory deficiency induced by injection of β-amyloid protein into NBM of rats显示文摘The change of cholinergic transmission of b-amyloid protein (b-AP) treated rats was studied by intracerebral microdialysis sampling combined with HPLC analysis. b-AP1-40 was injected into nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM). Passive avoidance response test (step-down test) and delayed alternation task were used for memory testing. The impairment of memory after injection of b-AP1-40 into NBM exhibited mainly the deficiency of short-term working memory. One week after injection of b-AP1-40 the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from frontal cortex of freely-moving rats decreased significantly, and the response of cholinergic nerve ending to the action of high [K+] solution was rather weak. In control animals the percentage of increase of ACh- release during behavioral performance was 57%, while in b-AP1-40 - treated rats it was 34%. The temporary in-crease of the ACh-release of the rat put into a new place was also significantly diminished in b-AP1-40 -treated rats. The results show that the injection of b-AP1-40 into NBM impairs the cholinergic transmission in frontal cortex, and the impairment of cholinergic transmission may be the main cause of the deficit of working memory. | 马晓峰 叶惟泠 梅镇彤 | 2001 | Science China(Life Sciences)2001，44，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate acute respiratory distress syndrome through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway显示文摘Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)have been considered a promising alternative for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).However,there is significant heterogeneity in their therapeutic efficacy,largely owing to the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activities of MSCs.Here,we hypothesize that the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway(CAP),which is recognized as a neuroimmunological pathway,may be involved in the therapeutic mechanisms by which MSCs mitigate ARDS.Using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and bacterial lung inflammation models,we found that inflammatory cell infiltration and Evans blue leakage were reduced and that the expression levels of choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)and vesicular acetylcholine transporter(VAChT)in lung tissue were significantly increased 6 hours after MSC infusion.When the vagus nerve was blocked orα7 nicotinic acetylcholine(ACh)receptor(α7nAChR)-knockout mice were used,the therapeutic effects of MSCs were significantly reduced,suggesting that the CAP may play an important role in the effects of MSCs in ARDS treatment.Our results further showed that MSC-derived prostaglandin E2(PGE2)likely promoted ACh synthesis and release.Additionally,based on the efficacy of nAChR andα7nAChR agonists,we found that lobeline,the nicotinic cholinergic receptor excitation stimulant,may attenuate pulmonary inflammation and alleviate respiratory symptoms of ARDS patients in a clinical study(ChiCTR2100047403).In summary,we reveal a previously unrecognized MSC-mediated mechanism of CAP activation as the means by which MSCs alleviate ARDS-like syndrome,providing insight into the clinical translation of MSCs or CAP-related strategies for the treatment of patients with ARDS. | Xiaoran Zhang Xuxia Wei Yiwen Deng Xiaofeng Yuan Jiahao Shi Weijun Huang Jing Huang Xiaoyong Chen Shuwei Zheng Jieying Chen Keyu Chen Ruiming Xu Hongmiao Wang Weiqiang Li Shiyue Li Huimin Yi Andy Peng Xiang | 2022 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2022，7，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Effect of Kangshuai Yizhi Formula Ⅰ (抗衰益智方Ⅰ) on Learning and Memory Dysfunction Induced by Scopolamine in Mice显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the improvement of Kangshuai Yizhi FormulaⅠ(抗衰益智方Ⅰ,KYFⅠ)on the learning and memory dysfunction in mice,and on the mechanism of the hippocampal cholinergic system and the nervous system of monoamine which are closely related to learning and memory function.Methods:Mice in the low-,middle-,and high-dose KYFⅠgroups were given low-,middle-,and high-dose KYF,respectively, by gastrogavage for 35 successive days.Animals in the control group and the model group were treated with distilled water.The acute learning and memory dysfunction model was established by injection of scopolamine from day 31,and Morris water maze was used to assess the behavior performance of scopolamine-induced model mice for five days.The activities of acetylcholinesterase(AChE),choline acetyl transferase(ChaT) and the content of monoamine neurotransmitters in hippocampus were measured.The activity of monoamine oxidase(MAO)in hippocampus and serum was also detected.Results:(1)Compared with the control group,the mean escape latency was shortened,and the frequency across the platform and the staying time at the platform area on the 5th day were decreased in the model group by Morris water maze test.The activities of AChE and MAO were increased,and the ChaT activity and monoamine neurotransmitter content were decreased as well.(2) The escape latency for 4 days in the low-,middle-,and high-dose KYFⅠgroups was significantly shortened than that in the model group,with the shortest latency in the high-dose KYFⅠgroup(P<0.05,P<0.01).The frequency across the platform was significantly increased and the staying time at the platform was significantly prolonged in the middle-and high-dose KYFⅠgroups(P<0.05,P<0.01).(3)As compared with the model group,the activity of ChaT and the content of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus were significantly increased, and the activities of AchE and MAO were significantly decreased in the hippocampus in the high-dose KYFⅠgroup(P<0.01).Conclusions:High-dose KYFⅠcan significantly improve the learning and memory dysfunction induced by scopolamine in mice.Its mechanism may be related to improving the central cholinergic system and regulating the hippocampal monoamine neurotransmitters. | 韦佳 陆大祥 戚仁斌 王华东 江雪华 | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2010，16，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Selective loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in APP_(770) transgenic mice显示文摘To determine whether cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus magnocellularis (NBM) and the medial septum are affected in transgenic mice overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein 770 (APP 770 ) Methods Eight age groups, from 3 months old to 10 months old, of either heterozygous transgenic or non transgenic mice were used for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) staining using immunohistochemistry The number of ChAT positive neurons was counted on the MCID Image Analysis System Neurons in the cerebral cortex and area CA1 of hippocampus were also stained with cresyl violet and counted using optical dissector technique Results There is no change in the number of forebrain cholinergic neurons in the transgenic mice up to 9 months of age A loss of these cholinergic neurons starts in 9 months old transgenic mice, with a further decrease in the number of NBM and medial septum neurons in 10 month old transgenic mice On the other hand, the number of neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal area CA1 remained unchanged Conclusion These results demonstrate a selective loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in APP 770 transgenic | 李辉 沈孝宙 | 2000 | Chinese Medical Journal2000，，11： | 0 |
| 14 | EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF ANISODAMINE (654-2) ON HEMODYNAMICS OF NON-SHOCKED AND ENDOTOXlN-SHOCKED DOGS显示文摘In order to explore the anti-shock mechanisms of anisodamine (654-2), an anti-cholinergic agent, which has been successfully used for the therapy of shock, particularly septic, the effects of intravenous administration of 654-2 on hemodynamics were investigated in non-shocked dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and endotoxinshocked ones, and a comparison was made betwen them. The significant differences have been observed. | 郭恒怡 孙仁宇 | 1983 | Chinese Science Bulletin1983，28，1： | 0 |
| 15 | DIFFERENT HISTOCHEMICAL MANIFESTATION OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN SUBMANDIBULAR PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS IN CATS AND RATS显示文摘It is generally accepted that the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are cholinergic. However, in our laboratory it has been observed that the acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) positive neurons could not be seen in the area of submandibular preganglionic neurons in the rat.Is this phenomenon universal or only special to the rat? | 江连海 沈锷 蒋芝华 | 1986 | Chinese Science Bulletin1986，31，14： | 0 |
| 16 | Age-related changes of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10) mice as an animal model for AD显示文摘Background: To explore the influence of age-related changes in learning and memory capacity of SAMP10, an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice, and provide theoretical foundation for the selection of month age in related experiment. Methods: SAMP10 female mice with the age of 3, 6 and 9 months were used as the objects of experiment, while the age-matched female SAMR1 were used as the controls, with 12 in each group. The learning memory capacity of mice at different age was detected through Morris water maze and step-down passive avoidance test;meanwhile, the acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, choline acetyltransferase, and M-cholinergic receptor binding capacity levels were determined to detect the cholinergic system damage degree in mice with different month age. In addition, the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, homovanillic acid, norepinephrine and 5-HT, as well as those of amino acid transmitters such as glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid,γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine and glycine in the brain cortex were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical deposition. Besides, changes in hippocampal neurons were observed through Nissl staining, and the changes of Aβ in hippocampal CA1 and CA2 regions of SAMP10 were also detected by immunohistochemistry so as to explore the effects of age on the memory capacity of SAMP10. Results: It was discovered in the behavior test and AD-related index tests that: there was no significant difference between the age-matched SAMR1 and the SAMP10 at the age of 3 and 6 months. But the 9-months-old mice suffered remarkable senescence characteristics, including obviously declined learning memory capacity;down-regulated neurotransmitter levels, enzyme activities and amino acid expression;reduced hippocampal neuron number;and increased deposition of hippocampal Aβ protein. Conclusion: It is discovered in this study through behavior tests and AD-related indexs detection that, the learning memory capacity of SAMP10 shows age-dependence, which is gradually decreased with the increase of age, and the 9-months-old mice have developed marked memory impairment and senescence characteristics. SAMP10 is the recognized AD model, the appropriate month age for preventive medication is about 7 months, while that for therapeutic medication is 8-9 months. | Lei Yu Linna Gao Xue Bai Ruomei Che Xiaoli He | 2019 | Life Research2019，2，4： | 0 |
| 17 | A review study on medicinal plants used in the treatment of learning and memory impairments显示文摘Alzheimer′s disease(AD) is a progressive brain disorder thai gradual!) impairs the person's memory and ability to learn,reasoning.judgment,communication and daily activities.All is characterized clinically by cognitive impairment and pathologically by the deposition of β amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles,and the degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain.During the progression of AD patients may produce changes in personality and behavior,such as anxiety,paranoia,confusion,hallucinations and also to experience delusions and lanlasies.The first neurotransmitter defect discovered in Al) involved acetylcholine as cholinergic function is required for short—term memory.Oxidative stress may underlie the progressive neurodegeneration characteristic of AD.Brain structures supporting memory are uniquely sensitive to oxidative stress due to their elevated demand for oxygen.The neurodegenerative process in AD may involveβ amyloid toxicity.Neurotoxicity of β amyloid appears to involve oxidative stress.Currently,there is no cure for this disease but in new treatments,reveals a new horizon on the biology of this disease.This paper reviews the effects of a number of commonly used types of herbal medicines for the Irealment of AD.The objective of this article was to review evidences from controlled studies in order to determine whether herbs can be useful in the treatment of cognitive disorders in the elderly. | Nahid Jivad Zahra Rabiei | 2014 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2014，4，10： | 0 |
| 18 | Emerging non-invasive therapeutic approaches targeting hypocholinergic neural systems in Parkinson's disease显示文摘Cholinergic system associated DOPA-refractory motor and cognitive symptoms-a need for novel therapeutic approaches:Accumulating evidence points to significant motor and non-motor morbidities associated with hypocholinergic deficits in central and peripheral neural systems in Parkinson’s disease(PD)(Bohnen et al.,2018,2022).This so-called“malignant”hypocholinergic disease phenotype is associated with DOPA-refractory dementia and mobility disturbances,such as falls and freezing of gait,and augur novel therapeutic approaches targeting cholinergic systems in PD.Cholinergic pharmacotherapy in PD has been an interest for a long time.However,the development of cholinergic augmentation pharmacotherapy has been hampered by limited clinical efficacy,the presumption that changes in cholinergic activity are homogeneous in the central nervous system(CNS)and peripheral nervous system,tolerance or safety of cholinesterase inhibitor drugs,low CNS penetrance,high rate of peripheral autonomic side-effects and clinical contra-indications.The development of nicotinic or muscarinic receptor modulating drugs appears more promising but is still in the development stage.Given the current unmet need for managing DOPA-refractory cognitive and mobility impairments associated with hypocholinergic neural systems,there is a need for novel and complementary therapeutic and more personalized approaches. | Nicolaas I.Bohnen Alison J.Yarnall | 2023 | Neural Regeneration Research2023，18，4： | 0 |
| 19 | Anticholinergic medications even in therapeutic range can cause recurrence of psychosis显示文摘Anticholinergic drugs are commonly used in psychiatry to attenuate antipsychotic induced extrapyramidal syndrome(EPS).Psychosis as a side effect is generally explained under the rubric of anticholinergic toxicity or induced delirium.Anticholinergic induced worsening of psychosis in patients with normal cognition is extremely rare in literature.Here,we arepresenting a case of young female who was prescribed with multiple anticholinergics to reduce EPS,and each time had worsening of psychosis with intact cognition.We then discussed the possible neurobiological explanation with special reference to muscarinic hypothesis of schizophrenia. | Soumitra Das Seshadri Sekhar Chatterjee Barikar Chandrappa Malathesh | 2020 | General Psychiatry2020，33，4： | 0 |
| 20 | Effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats based on cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway显示文摘Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)at'Neiguan'(PC 6)on myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR),and explore preliminarily the mediating role of cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway(CAP)and its downstream nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods Six 12-week-old WKY male rats were employed as the normal group. | 辛娟娟 | 2023 | China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine)2023，40，4： | 0 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员