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| 1 | Subduction zone geochemistry显示文摘Crustal recycling at convergent plate boundaries is essential to mantle heterogeneity.However,crustal signatures in the mantle source of basaltic rocks above subduction zones were primarily incorporated in the form of liquid rather than solid phases.The physicochemical property of liquid phases is determined by the dehydration behavior of crustal rocks at the slab-mantle interface in subduction channels.Because of the significant fractionation in incompatible trace elements but the full inheritance in radiogenic isotopes relative to their crustal sources,the production of liquid phases is crucial to the geochemical transfer from the subducting crust into the mantle.In this process,the stability of specific minerals in subducting crustal rocks exerts a primary control on the enrichment of given trace elements in the liquid phases.For this reason,geochemically enriched oceanic basalts can be categorized into two types in terms of their trace element distribution patterns in the primitive mantle-normalized diagram.One is island arc basalts(IAB),showing enrichment in LILE,Pb and LREE but depletion in HFSE such as Nb and Ta relative to HREE,The other is ocean island basalts(OIB),exhibiting enrichment in LILE and LREE,enrichment or non-depletion in HFSE but depletion in Pb relative to HREE.In either types,these basalts show the enhanced enrichment of LILE and LREE with increasing their incompatibility relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORB).The thermal regime of subduction zones can be categorized into two stages in both time and space,The first stage is characterized by compressional tectonism at low thermal gradients.As a consequence,metamorphic dehydration of the subducting crust prevails at forearc to subarc depths due to the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as mica and amphibole in the stability field of garnet and rutile,resulting in the liberation of aqueous solutions with the trace element composition that is considerably enriched in LILE,Pb and LREE but depleted in HFSE and HREE relative to normal MORB.This provides the crustal signature for the mantle sources of IAB.The second stage is indicated by extensional tectonism at high thermal gradients,leading to the partial melting of metamorphically dehydrated crustal rocks at subarc to postarc depths.This involves not only the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as amphibole,phengite and allanite in the stability field of garnet but also the dissolution of rutile into hydrous melts.As such,the hydrous melts can acquire the trace element composition that is significantly enriched in LILE,HFSE and LREE but depleted in Pb and HREE relative to normal MORB,providing the crustal signature for the mantle sources of OIB.In either case,these liquid phases would metasomatize the overlying mantle wedge peridotite at different depths,generating ultramafic metasomatites such as serpentinized and chloritized peridotites,and olivine-poor pyroxenites and hornblendites.As a consequence,the crustal signatures are transferred by the liquid phases from the subducting slab into the mantle. | Yong-Fei Zheng | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，4： | 47 |
| 2 | Colorectal cancer in Guangdong Province of China:A demographic and anatomic survey显示文摘AIM:To determine the basic demographic features of colorectal cancer (CRC) in five hospitals located in four different areas of Guangdong Province,China.METHODS:A review of patient records from 1986 to 2006 from five hospitals was conducted. Patient data was obtained,including age,gender,location of le-sions,staging and histological type of CRC. The Chi-square test was used to assess differences in rates and a significance level of 0.05 was used. Univariate com-parisons were made via Fisher's exact tests.RESULTS:Analysis was carried out on 8172 CRC patents,6.1% (499/8172) of the patients were aged ≤ 30 years. The peak incidence was between the ages 61-70 years (27.8%). The mean age at CRC diagnosis increased from 52 years (1986-1988) to 60 years(2004-2006) and the proportion of young CRC patients decreased from 8.0% to 5.9% over the same period. Of 8172 lesions,4434 (54.3%) were located in rectum and 3738 (45.7%) in colon. The incidence of rectal cancer decreased significantly from 59.4% (1989-1991) to 51.8% (2004-2006) and right sided colon cancer increased from 40.6% to 48.2%. The mean age,ana-tomic distribution,histological type and differentiation degree were significantly different among the four geographical areas (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The hospitalization rate for CRC has increased in Guangdong in recent years. The characteristics of CRC from the five hospitals located in the four different areas of Guangdong Province are also different. Further studies are needed to assess more recent trend in the incidence and prevalence of CRC as well as the respective roles of genetic and environ-mental factors in CRC. | Xu, An-Gao Yu, Zhi-Jin Jiang, Bo Wang, Xin-Ying Zhong, Xu-Hui Liu, Ji-Hong Lou, Qiu-Yun Gan, Ai-Hua | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，8： | 40 |
| 3 | Relationship between phenotypes of cell-function differentiation and pathobiological behavior of gastric carcinomas显示文摘AIM To reveal the correlation between thefunctional differentiation phenotypes of gastriccarcinoma cells and the invasion and metastasisby a new way of cell-function classification.METHODS Surgically resected specimens of361 gastric carcinomas (GC) were investigatedwith enzyme-, mucin-, and tumor-related markerimmunohistochemist ry. According to thedirection of cell-function differentiation,stomach carcinomas were divided into fivefunctionally differentiated types.iation type (AFDT): there were 82 (22.7%)patients including 76 (92.7%) aged 45 years.Sixty-nine (84.1%) cases belonged to theintestinal type. Thirty-eight (46.3%) expressedCD44v6 and 9 (13.6%) of 66 male patientsdeveloped liver metastasis. The 5-year survivalrate of patients in this group (58.5%) was higherMucin secreting function differentiation type(MSFDT): 54 (15%) cases. Fifty-three (98.1%)tumors had penetrated the serosa, 12 (22.2%)expressed ER and 22 (40.7%) expressedCD44v6. The postoperative 5-year survival ratefunction differentiation type (AMPFDT): therewere 180 (49.9%) cases, including 31 (17.2%)aged yanger than 45 years. The tumor was morecommon in women (62, 34.4%,) and expressedmore frequently estrogen receptors (ER) ( 129,81.7%) than other types (P<0.01). Ovarymetastasis was found in 12 (19.4%) out of 62female subjects. The patients with this type GChad the lowest 5-year survival rate (24.7%)differentiation type (SFDT): 13 (3.6%) cases.Nine (69.2%) tumors of this type derived fromAPUD system, the other 4 (30.7%) were ofdifferent histological differentiation. Sixty percent of the patients survived at least five years.(8.9%) cases. Nineteen (59.4%) cases hadlymph node metastases but no one with liver orovary metastasis. The 5-year survival rate was28.1%.CONCLUSION This new cell-functionclassification of GC is helpful in indicating thecharacteristics of invasion and metastasis of GCwith different cell-function differentiationphenotypes. Further study is needed to disclosethe correlation between the cell-functionaldifferentiation phenotypes and the relevantgenotypes and the biological behavior of gastriccarcinoma. | Yan Xin Xiao Ling Li Yan Ping Wang Su Min Zhang Hua Chuan Zheng Dong Ying Wu Yin Chang Zhang The Fourth Laboratory of Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，1： | 38 |
| 4 | A Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Profiles the Developmental Landscape of Arabidopsis Root显示文摘Cells of eukaryotic multicellular organisms have inherent heterogeneity.Recent advances in single-cell gene expression studies enable us to explore transcriptional regulation in dynamic development processes and highly heterogeneous cell populations.In this study,using a high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing assay,we found that the cells in Arabidopsis root are highly heterogeneous in their transcriptomes.A total of 24 putative cell clusters and the cluster-specific marker genes were identified.The spatial distribution and temporal ordering of the individual cells at different developmental stages illustrate their hierarchical structures and enable the reconstruction of continuous differentiation trajectory of root development.Moreover,we found that each root cell cluster exhibits distinct patterns of ion assimilation and hormonal responses.Collectively,our study reveals a high degree of heterogeneity of root cells and identifies the expression signatures of intermediate states during root cell differentiation at single-cell resolution.We also established a web server(http://gffzz3806e4fd3a914718hofbq6fxu9vfb6wfx.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/rootatlas/)to facilitate the use of the datasets generated in this study. | Tian-Qi Zhang Zhou-Geng Xu Guan-Dong Shang Jia-Wei Wang | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，5： | 37 |
| 5 | Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for predicting histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma:Comparison with conventional diffusion-weighted imaging显示文摘AIM To compare intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)-derived parameters with conventional diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) parameters in predicting the histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma(h CC) and to evaluate the correlation between the parameters and the histological grades.METHODS A retrospective study was performed. Sixty-two patients with surgically confirmed h CCs underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with twelve b values(10-1200 s/mm^2). The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC), pure diffusion coefficient(D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient(D*), and perfusion fraction(f) were calculated by two radiologists. The IVIM and conventional DWI parameters were compared among the different grades by using analysis of variance(ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of distinguishing between low-grade(grade 1, G1) and high-grade(grades 2 and 3, G2 and G3) hC C. The correlation between the parameters and the histological grades was assessed by using the Spearman correlation test. Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate the reproducibility of the two radiologists' measurements.RESULTS The differences in the ADC and D values among the groups with G1, G2, and G3 histological grades of HCCs were statistically significant(P < 0.001). The D* and f values had no significant differences among the different histological grades of h CC(P > 0.05). The ROC analyses demonstrated that the D and ADC values had better diagnostic performance in differentiating the low-grade h CC from the high-grade h CC, with areas under the curve(AUCs) of 0.909 and 0.843, respectively, measured by radiologist 1 and of 0.911 and 0.852, respectively, measured by radiologist 2. The following significant correlations were obtained between the ADC, D, and D~* values and the histological grades: r =-0.619(P < 0.001), r =-0.628(P < 0.001), and r =-0.299(P = 0.018), respectively, as measured by radiologist 1; r =-0.622(P < 0.001), r =-0.633(P < 0.001), and r =-0.303(P = 0.017), respectively, as measured by radiologist 2. The intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) values between the two observers were 0.996 for ADC, 0.997 for D, 0.996 for D*, and 0.992 for f values, which indicated excellent interobserver agreement in the measurements between the two observers.CONCLUSION The IVIM-derived D and ADC values show better diagnostic performance in differentiating high-grade hC C from low-grade hC C, and there is a moderate to good correlation between the ADC and D values and the histological grades. | Shao-Cheng Zhu Yue-Hua Liu Yi Wei Lin-Lin Li She-Wei Dou Ting-Yi Sun Da-Peng Shi | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，8： | 33 |
| 6 | 2型糖尿病肾病患者生长分化因子-15的表达及临床意义显示文摘目的:探讨生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)在2型糖尿病肾病中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法纳入80例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者,根据Mogensen分期标准,分为正常白蛋白尿组(30例)、微量白蛋白尿组(20例)和大量白蛋白尿组(30例),采用ELISA法测定血浆GDF-15水平。结果大量白蛋白尿组GDF-15水平高于微量白蛋白尿组和正常白蛋白尿组(P均<0.01),分别为1773.9(1099.1-2357.4)pg/ml、864.0(636.1-994.3)pg/ml和704.5(548.8-975.8)pg/ml;微量白蛋白尿组GDF-15水平高于正常白蛋白尿组(P>0.05),且在肾功能轻度受损(60≤肾小球滤过率<90 ml/min/1.73 m2)时GDF-15浓度即有增加,为999.5(769.2-1372.1)pg/ml。偏相关分析显示,血浆GDF-15与糖尿病病程、尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)、尿素氮(BUN)及肌酐(sCr)呈正相关(r=0.246,0.493,0.390,0.471,P均<0.05),与估计的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)及血浆白蛋白(Alb)呈负相关(r=-0.438,-0.397,P均<0.01)。多元线性回归分析提示较高水平的GDF-15为mAlb增加的独立危险因素。在对肾功能受损(eGFR<90 ml/min/1.73 m2)的诊断中,GDF-15和mAlb的曲线下面积分别为0.801和0.717,GDF-15曲线下面积大于mAlb(P<0.05)。当733.78 pg/ml作为GDF-15诊断肾功能受损的临界值时,敏感性和特异性达到最佳,分别为88.1%和58.1%。结论GDF-15在2型糖尿病肾病不同临床阶段有不同程度的增高,不但与mAlb、eGFR有良好的相关性,而且是mAlb增加的独立危险因素,故在2型糖尿病肾病的早期诊断、病情评估及预测其疾病转归方面具有一定的应用价值。 | 李慧 高方 薛耀明 钱毅 | 2014 | 南方医科大学学报2014，34，3： | 27 |
| 7 | Cluster analysis for syndromes of real-world coronary heartdisease with angina pectoris显示文摘Syndromes of coronary heart disease with angina pectoris were analyzed to provide guidance forclinical practice and to improve accuracy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnoses and efficacy of TCMtreatment. A total of 860 cases with coronary heart disease with angina pectoris were selected from TCM ClinicalResearch Information Sharing System for TCM clinics and research. Syndromes were automatically extractedwith the cluster method and were analyzed to provide objective evidence for clinical studies. Final syndromeclassifications were recognized and confirmed by clinical experts. Popular syndromes included Qi and blooddeficiency, blood stasis and obstruction collaterals, liver depression and spleen deficiency, and Qi stagnation andblood stasis. Syndromes Qi and blood deficiency and blood stasis and obstruction collaterals accounted for 28.61%of total syndromes, whereas liver depression and spleen deficiency and Qi stagnation and blood stasis accountedfor 26.44%. The main syndrome elements comprised Qi deficiency, blood deficiency, blood stasis, and Qistagnation. | Yufeng Zhao Xueyun Yu Xinyu Cao Lin Luo Liyun He Shusong Mao Li Ma Peijing Rong Yuxue Zhao Guozheng Li Baoyan Liu | 2018 | Frontiers of Medicine2018，12，5： | 28 |
| 8 | Helper T cell differentiation显示文摘CD4^(+)T helper cells are key regulators of host health and disease.In the original model,specialized subsets of T helper cells are generated following activation through lineage-specifying cytokines and transcriptional programs,but recent studies have revealed increasing complexities for CD4^(+)T-cell differentiation.Here,we first discuss CD4^(+)T-cell differentiation from a historical perspective by highlighting the major studies that defined the distinct subsets of T helper cells.We next describe the mechanisms underlying CD4^(+)T-cell differentiation,including cytokine-induced signaling and transcriptional networks.We then review current and emerging topics of differentiation,including the plasticity and heterogeneity of T cells,the tissue-specific effects,and the influence of cellular metabolism on cell fate decisions.Importantly,recent advances in cutting-edge approaches,especially systems biology tools,have contributed to new concepts and mechanisms underlying T-cell differentiation and will likely continue to advance this important research area of adaptive immunity. | Jordy Saravia Nicole M.Chapman Hongbo Chi | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，7： | 25 |
| 9 | The altered PD-1/PD-L1 pathway delivers the ‘one-two punch’ effects to promote the Treg/Th17 imbalance in pre-eclampsia显示文摘The programmed cell death-1(PD-1)/PD-ligand 1(PD-L1)pathway is critical for normal pregnancy by promoting regulatory T(Treg)cell development and inhibiting the Th17 response.However,the relationship between the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and the Treg/Th17 imbalance in pre-eclampsia(PE)is an enigma.In this study,decreased PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and a Treg/Th17 imbalance were observed at the maternal-fetal interface in PE.The regulatory effects of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway on the Treg and Th17 cell quantities were determined in vitro by targeting T-cell proliferation,differentiation and transdifferentiation.First,decreased PD-1 expression might contribute to a higher Th17 cell frequency by promoting proliferation in PE.Second,the percentages of Treg but not Th17 cells differentiated from peripheral naive CD4+T cells were increased by PD-L1 Fc administration.This effect was accompanied by decreased PI3K/AKT/m-TOR and increased PTEN mRNA expression and was completely reversed by PD-1 blockade.Finally,the percentage of IL-17-producing Treg cells increased and was positively associated with the Th17 cell frequency in PE.Increased RORγt and IL-17 but not Foxp3 and IL-10 mRNA expression by Treg cells was observed with PD-1 blockade.Similar findings occurred when Treg cells were exposed to IL-6/IL-23/IL-1βand were reversed by PD-L1 Fc.Taken together,our findings indicate that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway contributes to the Treg/Th17 imbalance via‘one-two punch’approaches:(i)promoting Th17 cell proliferation,(ii)inhibiting Treg cell differentiation and(iii)enhancing Treg cell plasticity into Th17 cells in PE.The therapeutic value of PD-L1 Fc for PE treatment will be explored in the future. | Yonghong Zhang Zhaozhao Liu Mei Tian Xiaohui Hu Liling Wang Jinlu Ji Aihua Liao | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，7： | 21 |
| 10 | Effects of salvianolic acid B on proliferation, neurite outgrowth and differentiation of neural stem cells derived from the cerebral cortex of embryonic mice显示文摘Salvianolic acid B is isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza,the root of which is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat stroke.However,little is known about how salvianolic acid B influences growth characteristics of neural stem cells (NSCs).The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of salvianolic acid B on proliferation,neurite outgrowth and differentiation of NSCs derived from the cerebral cortex of embryonic mice using MTT,flow cytometry,immunofluorescence and RT-PCR.It was found that 20 μg mL·1 and 40 μg mL·1 salvianolic acid B had similar effects on proliferation of NSCs,and a suitable concentration of salvianolic acid B increased the number of NSCs and their derivative neurospheres.The growth-promoting activity of salvianolic acid B was dependent on and associated with an accumulation in the G2/S-phase cell population.Salvianolic acid B also promoted the neurite outgrowth of NSCs and their differentiation into neurons.The mRNA for tau,GFAP and nestin were present in differentiating neurospheres induced by salvianolic acid B.However,high-level expression of tau mRNA and low-level expression of GFAP mRNA was detected in differentiated cells,in contrast to the control conditions.This collective evidence indicates that exogenous salvianolic acid B is capable of promoting proliferation of neurospheres and differentiation towards the neuronal lineage in vitro and may act in the proliferation of NSCs and may promote NSC differentiation into neuronal cells. | GUO GuoQing1,LI Bin1,WANG YuanYuan1,SHAN AiJing1,SHEN WeiZai1,YUAN Lin2 & ZHONG ShiZhen2 1Department of Anatomy,Medical College of Jinan University,Guangzhou 510630,China 2Institute of Clinical Anatomy,Key Laboratory of Tissue Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510150,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，6： | 21 |
| 11 | Clinicopathological features of alpha-fetoprotein producing early gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation显示文摘AIM To investigate clinicopathological features of early stage gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation(GCED).METHODS We retrospectively investigated data on 6 cases of early stage GCED and 186 cases of early stage conventional gastric cancer(CGC: well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma) who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection from September 2011 to February 2015 in our hospital.GCED was defined as a tumor having a primitive intestine-like structure composed of cuboidal or columnar cells with clear cytoplasm and immunohistochemical positivity for either alpha-fetoprotein, Glypican 3 or SALL4. The following were compared between GCED and CGC: age, gender, location and size of tumor, macroscopic type, ulceration, depth of invasion, lymphatic and venous invasion, positive horizontal and vertical margin, curative resection rate.RESULTS Six cases(5 males, 1 female; mean age 75.7 years; 6 lesions) of early gastric cancer with a GCED component and 186 cases(139 males, 47 females; mean age 72.7 years; 209 lesions) of early stage CGC were investigated. Mean tumor diameters were similar but rates of submucosal invasion, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and non-curative resection were higher in GCED than CGC(66.6% vs 11.4%, 33.3% vs 2.3%, 66.6% vs 0.4%, 83.3% vs 11% respectively, P < 0.01). Deep submucosal invasion was not revealed endoscopically or by preoperative biopsy. Histologically, in GCED the superficial mucosal layer was covered with a CGC component. The GCED component tended to exist in the deeper part of the mucosa to the submucosa by lymphatic and/or venous invasion, without severe stromal reaction. In addition, Glypican 3 was the most sensitive marker for GCED(positivity, 83.3%), immunohistochemically.CONCLUSION Even in the early stage GCED has high malignant potential, and preoperative diagnosis is considered difficult. Endoscopists and pathologists should know the clinicopathological features of this highly malignant type of cancer. | Kohei Matsumoto Hiroya Ueyama Kenshi Matsumoto Yoichi Akazawa Hiroyuki Komori Tsutomu Takeda Takashi Murakami Daisuke Asaoka Mariko Hojo Natsumi Tomita Akihito Nagahara Yoshiaki Kajiyama Takashi Yao Sumio Watanabe | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，36： | 20 |
| 12 | Diverse and variable sex determination mechanisms in vertebrates显示文摘Sex is prevalent in nature and sex determination is one of the most fundamental biological processes, while the way of initiating female and male development exhibits remarkable diversity and variability across vertebrates. The knowledge on why and how sex determination mechanisms evolve unusual plasticity remains limited. Here, we summarize sex determination systems,master sex-determining genes and gene-regulatory networks among vertebrates. Recent research advancements on sex determination system transition are also introduced and discussed in some non-model animals with multiple sex determination mechanisms. This review will provide insights into the origin, transition and evolutionary adaption of different sex determination strategies in vertebrates, as well as clues for future perspectives in this field. | Xi-Yin Li Jian-Fang Gui | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，12： | 20 |
| 13 | Current applications of adipose-derived stem cells and their future perspectives显示文摘Adult stem cells have a great potential to treat various diseases. For these cell-based therapies, adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) are one of the most promising stem cell types, including embryonic stem cells(ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs). ESCs and iPSCs have taken center stage due to their pluripotency. However, ESCs and iPSCs have limitations in ethical issues and in identification of characteristics, respectively. Unlike ESCs and iPSCs, ADSCs do not have such limitations and are not only easily obtained but also uniquely expandable. ADSCs can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes and neurons under specific differentiation conditions, and these kinds of differentiation potential of ADSCs could be applied in regenerative medicine e.g., skin reconstruction, bone and cartilage formation, etc. In this review, the current status of ADSC isolation, differentiation and their therapeutic applications are discussed. | Eun-Hee Kim Chan Yeong Heo | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，1： | 19 |
| 14 | 0Adipose-derived stem cells: Implications in tissue regeneration显示文摘Adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) that are obtained from abundant adipose tissue, adherent on plastic culture flasks, can be expanded in vitro, and have the capacity to differ-entiate into multiple cell lineages. Unlike bone marrow-derived MSCs, ASCs can be obtained from abundant adipose tissue by a minimally invasive procedure, which results in a high number of cells. Therefore, ASCs are promising for regenerating tissues and organs dam-aged by injury and diseases. This article reviews the implications of ASCs in tissue regeneration. | Wakako Tsuji J Peter Rubin Kacey G Marra | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，3： | 19 |
| 15 | In vivo hepatic differentiation potential of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis/cirrhosis显示文摘AIM To investigate the hepatic differentiation potential of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(h UC-MSCs) and to evaluate their therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis/cirrhosis.METHODS A CCl4-induced liver fibrotic/cirrhotic rat model was used to assess the effect of h UC-MSCs. Histopathology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E), Masson trichrome and Sirius red staining. The liver biochemical profile was measured using a Beckman Coulter analyzer. Expression analysis was performed using immunofluorescent staining, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR.RESULTS We demonstrated that the infused h UC-MSCs could differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo. Functionally, the transplantation of h UC-MSCs to CCl4-treated rats improved liver transaminases and synthetic function, reduced liver histopathology and reversed hepatobiliary fibrosis. The reversal of hepatobiliary fibrosis was likely due to the reduced activation state of hepatic stellate cells, decreased collagen deposition, and enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling via the up-regulation of MMP-13 and down-regulation of TIMP-1. CONCLUSION Transplanted h UC-MSCs could differentiate into functional hepatocytes that improved both the biochemical and histopathologic changes in a CCl4-induced rat liver fibrosis model. h UC-MSCs may offer therapeutic opportunities for treating hepatobiliary diseases, including cirrhosis. | Guo-Zun Zhang Hui-Cong Sun Li-Bo Zheng Jin-Bo Guo Xiao-Lan Zhang | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，46： | 18 |
| 16 | The proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization effects of puerarin on osteoblasts in vitro显示文摘AIM: Osteoblasts are key functional cells in the process of bone metabolic balance. Phytoestrogens have an important influence on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Puerarin, a plant estrogen, has a wide range concentration in vitro on the function of osteoblasts. The current study investigates the effect of the phytoestrogen puerarin on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro. METHODS: The calvaria bone of eight-ten Wistar rats which were born within 24 h were obtained in aseptic condition. After enzyme digestion, isolation, purified osteoblasts of rats were cultured for further study. The cells of the first to third generation were divided into a control group and a puerarin-treated group with 10-3–10-10 mol·L-1 puerarin. The cells were exposed to the medium containing a low level of carbohydrates, 10%(V/V) FBS for 24 h. After 1 to 4 days of culture, the OD values on the proliferation of osteoblasts in each group were determined by microplate reader. The cells were cultured in the medium containing 50 μg·mL-1 vitamin C, 10-2 mol·L-1 sodium glycerophosphate, 10% FBS and the medium was changed every 3 to 4 days. After 2 to 8 days of culture, expression of alkaline phosphatase were tested and compared by microplate reader. The mineral nodes of osteoblasts were dyed using alizarin red or improved Von Kossa way after four weeks. RESULTS: Compared with those in the 10-5–10-9 mol·L-1 puerarin, the proliferation of osteoblasts, the expression of alkaline phosphatase, and the number of mineral nodes of osteoblasts were significantly decreased in the control group. The increase was the fastest in the third day, while on the fourth day it was decreased, and arrived at statistical significance compared with the alkaline phosphatase activities and control group. The 10-6 mol·L-1 group was the most distinct, and formed the most mineralized nodule. Compared with the 10-3 mol·L-1 puerarin group, those changes were markedly increased in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Puerarin has proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization effects on osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner, and has a double-way effect on the osteoblasts in vitro. A low-dose showed positive effects on the development of osteoblasts, and high-dose puerarin could inhibit the formation of bone. | WANG Chang MENG Mei-Xia TANG Xu-Lei CHEN Ke-Ming ZHANG Li LIU Wei-Ning ZHAO Ying-Yong | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines2014，12，6： | 18 |
| 17 | Spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing显示文摘By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing in the period of 1982-1997. It is observed that urban land use growth in Beijing went beyond the control of urban planning, in terms of the extraordinary high growth rate and undesired spatial pattern. The rate of urban expansion after 1982, which was predominated by growth of industrial land, was extraordinary high compared to its historical period. While its growth centers have been actively shifting toward the northern part, rather than toward the southern and eastern parts as designated by the latest General Plan (1991-2010) of Beijing, its spatial pattern of urban land use growth in general was in distinct concentric sprawl, which seriously violated the General Plan of Beijing. | LIU Shenghe, Sylvia Prielei, LI Xiubin(1. Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 2. International Institute for Applied System Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria) | 2002 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2002，12，3： | 17 |
| 18 | Regulation of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation by TGF-β family signaling显示文摘Embryonic stem (ES) cells are characterized by their ability to indefinitely self-renew and potential to differentiate into all the cell lineages of the body. ES cells are considered to have potential applications in regenerative medicine. In particular, the emergence of an ES cell analogue-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells via somatic cell reprogramming by co-expressing a limited number of critical stemness-related transcriptional factors has solved the problem of obtaining patient-specific pluripotent cells, encouraging researchers to develop more specific and functional cell lineages from ES or iPS cells for broad therapeutic applications. ES cell fate choice is delicately controlled by a core transcriptional network, epigenetic modification profiles and complex signaling cascades both intrinsically and extrinsically. Of these signals, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members, including TGF-β, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Activin and Nodal, have been reported to influence cell self-renewal and a broad spectrum of lineage differentiation in ES cells, in accordance with the key roles of TGF-β family signaling in early embryo development. In this review, the roles of TGF-β family signals in coordinating ES cell fate determination are summarized. | FEI Teng & CHEN Ye-Guang The State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 16 |
| 19 | Full-thickness tissue engineered skin constructed with autogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘To explore the feasibility of repairing clinical cutaneous deficiency, autogenic bone marrow mesen-chymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated and differentiated into epidermal cells and fibroblasts in vitro supplemented with different inducing factors and biomaterials to construct functional tissue- engineered skin. The results showed that after 72 h induction, BMSCs displayed morphologic changes such as typical epidermal cell arrangement, from spindle shape to round or oval; tonofibrils, melano-somes and keratohyaline granules were observed under a transmission electronic microscope. The differentiated cells expressed epidermal stem cell surface marker CK19 (59.66% ± 4.2%) and epidermal cells differentiation marker CK10. In addition, the induced epidermal cells acquired the anti-radiation capacity featured by lowered apoptosis following exposure to UVB. On the other hand, the collagen microfibrils deposition was noticed under a transmission electronic microscope after differentiating into dermis fibroblasts; RT-PCR identified collagen type I mRNA expression in differentiated cells; radioimmunoassay detected the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (up to 115.06 pg/mL and 0.84 ng/mL, respectively). Further in vivo implanting BMSCs with scaffold material short-ened skin wound repair significantly. In one word, autogenic BMSCs have the potential to differentiate into epidermal cells and fibroblasts in vitro, and show clinical feasibility acting as epidermis-like and dermis-like seed cells in skin engineering. | HE LiJuan, NAN Xue, WANG YunFang, GUAN LiDong, BAI CiXian, SHI ShuangShuang, YUAN HongFeng, CHEN Lin, LIU DaQing & PEI XueTao Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，4： | 16 |
| 20 | Differentiation of rat embryonic neural stem cells promoted by co-cultured Schwann cells显示文摘Objective To explore the factors which induce differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells. Methods Rat embryonic neural stem cells were co-cultured with newborn rat Schwann cells in serum-free medium. The phenotype and specific-markers including tubulin-β, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and galactorcerebroside (GalC), were domonstrated by phase contrast microscopy and double immunofluorescence staining. Results Overall, 80%±5% of neural stem cells protruded several elongated processes and expressed tubulin-β antigen at high levels, while 20±3% of them protruded several short processes and were GalC or GFAP positive. Conclusion The factors secreted by Schwann cells could induce rat embryonic neural stem cell to differentiate. | 万虹 安沂华 张泽舜 张亚卓 王忠诚 | 2003 | Chinese Medical Journal2003，，3： | 14 |
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