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| 1 | 现代管理的新理念——流程管理显示文摘流程管理(process management,PM),又称业务流程管理或企业流程管理(business process management,BPM)是20世纪90年代企业界最早提出,并应用于企业管理的一种新的管理思想和管理方法.美国著名管理学家和咨询专家迈克尔·哈默博士(Michael Hammer)与CSC Index的首席执行官詹姆斯·詹比(James Champy)于1993年发表<公司重组:企业革命的宣言>,并创造性地提出了'企业流程再造(business process reengineering,BPR)'的概念.其基本思想是以企业的作业流程为核心,重新设计企业内部的组织结构、运作方式和行为准则,'对企业流程进行最根本的重新思考和最彻底的重新设计,以达到诸如成本、品质、服务和速度等绩效的戏剧性(dramatic)进步',而不再遵从分工论原则.它一经产生便受到管理学者及企业界的普遍关注,世界各地的企业不约而同地将哈默的管理思想应用到自己的管理运作与组织设计中,医疗服务行业也开始应用流程管理的思想和方法. | 李明子 | 2005 | 中华护理杂志2005，40，12： | 224 |
| 2 | Ulinastatin for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of ulinastatin for patients with acute lung injury(ALI) and those with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of ulinastatin for ALI/ARDS was conducted. Oxygenation index, mortality rate [intensive care unit(ICU) mortality rate, 28-d mortality rate] and length of ICU stay were compared between ulinastatin group and conventional therapy group. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.1.RESULTS: Twenty-nine RCTs with 1726 participants were totally included, the basic conditions of which were similar. No studies discussed adverse effect. Oxygenation index was reported in twenty-six studies(1552 patients). Ulinastatin had a significant effect in improving oxygenation [standard mean difference(SMD) = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.42-2.29, P < 0.00001, I2 = 92%]. ICUmortality and 28-d mortality were respectively reported in eighteen studies(987 patients) and three studies(196 patients). We found that ulinastatin significantly decreased the ICU mortality [I2 = 0%, RR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.38-0.59, number needed to treat(NNT) = 5.06, P < 0.00001], while the 28-d mortality was not significantly affected(I2 = 0%, RR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.51-1.19, NNT = 12.66, P = 0.24). The length of ICU stay(six studies, 364 patients) in the ulinastatin group was significantly lower than that in the control group(SMD =-0.97, 95%CI:-1.20--0.75, P < 0.00001, I2 = 86%). CONCLUSION: Ulinastatin seems to be effective for ALI and ARDS though most trials included were of poor quality and no information on safety was provided. | Yu-Xin Leng Shu-Guang Yang Ya-Han Song Xi Zhu Gai-Qi Yao | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 61 |
| 3 | 中医药辨证治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病随机对照试验疗效评价指标的系统评价显示文摘目的:在系统评价中医药辨证治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(AECOPD)随机对照试验临床疗效基础上探讨其疗效评价指标的选择和使用。方法:计算机检索CBM、CNKI、VIP、万方数据库、Cochrane图书馆、PubMed和Embase数据库,收集公开发表中医药辨证治疗AECOPD随机对照试验的临床研究,由两位研究者按照纳入标准独立筛选文献、提取资料后,应用RevMan5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入73篇相关文献,Meta分析结果显示中医辨证治疗能提高AECOPD患者的临床疗效和中医证候疗效,改善临床症状、肺功能,提高氧分压,降低二氧化碳分压,降低白细胞计数和CRP水平;疗效评价指标使用较多的有临床疗效、证候疗效、肺功能、血气分析、血常规、C反应蛋白、临床症状体征、中医证候积分等,其余如生活质量、影像学评价、住院时间和6 min步行距离等则相对较少。结论:中医药辨证治疗AECOPD具有较好的临床疗效,但由于纳入研究的质量不高,仍需开展大样本、多中心、方法科学的高质量临床试验;临床疗效评价指标的选用仍不规范,疗效指标的选择应根据临床研究的目的不同而有所侧重,另外还应体现中医药的临床特点。 | 张海龙 王明航 李风雷 王海峰 余学庆 李建生 | 2013 | 中医学报2013，28，6： | 53 |
| 4 | Prognostic nutritional index predicts postoperative complications and long-term outcomes of gastric cancer显示文摘AIM:To investigate the impact of prognostic nutritional index(PNI)on the postoperative complications and long-term outcomes in gastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy.METHODS:The data for 386 patients with gastric cancer were extracted and analyzed between January2003 and December 2008 in our center.The patients were divided into two groups according to the cutoff value of the PNI:those with a PNI≥46 and those with a PNI<46.Clinicopathological features were compared between the two groups and potential prognostic factors were analyzed.The relationship between postoperative complications and PNI was analyzed by logistic regression.The univariate and multivariate hazard ratios were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS:The optimal cutoff value of the PNI was set at 46,and patients with a PNI≥46 and those with a PNI<46 were classified into PNI-high and PNI-low groups,respectively.Patients in the PNI-low group were more likely to have advanced tumor(T),node(N),and TNM stages than patients in the PNI-high group.The low PNI is an independent risk factor for the incidence of postoperative complications(OR=2.223).The 5-year overall survival(OS)rates were 54.1%and21.1%for patients with a PNI≥46 and those with a PNI<46,respectively.The OS rates were significantly lower in the PNI-low group than in the PNI-high group among patients with stagesⅡ(P=0.001)andⅢ(P<0.001)disease.CONCLUSION:The PNI is a simple and useful marker not only to identify patients at increased risk for postoperative complications,but also to predict long-term survival after total gastrectomy.The PNI should be included in the routine assessment of advanced gastric cancer patients. | Nan Jiang Jing-Yu Deng Xue-Wei Ding Bin Ke Ning Liu Ru-Peng Zhang Han Liang | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，30： | 41 |
| 5 | 脑电双频指数在麻醉深度监测中的研究进展显示文摘现就脑电双频指数(bispectralindex,BIS)与麻醉药物浓度及镇静深度的相关性研究,阿片类药物及麻醉过程中常用的非麻醉药物对BIS的影响进行综述,并与听觉诱发电位指数进行比较。 | 褚淑娟 姚尚龙 | 2005 | 国外医学(麻醉学与复苏分册)2005，26，3： | 40 |
| 6 | Urban land expansion and arable land loss of the major cities in China in the 1990s显示文摘Based on the land-use data in 1990 and 2000, determined by interpreting Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, this paper defines the extent of urban construction land, and extracts patches of urban construction land of 145 cities with the largest areas in 1990 and arable land patches around these cities. With these data, this paper analyzes the characteristics of ur- ban construction land expansion and the consequent arable land loss in East, Middle and West China, and further identifies the social, economic and spatial factors of the urban land use changes, using GIS (Geographical Information System) and multivariate regression approaches. The results show that total urban land of the 145 cities expanded by 39.8%, with about 70% of the new urban land converted from arable land in the 1990s. The urban land expansion varied among the three regions, with a value of 43.0% in the East, 33.1% in the West (33.1%) and 17.8% in the Middle. Moreover, mean urban construction land per capita increased by10.7% in the East, but it decreased by 7.7% in the Middle, 1.4% in the West. Statistical analysis indicated that total wages of staff and workers could best explain the differences of urban land expansion. | TAN Minghong LI Xiubin LU Changhe | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，9： | 32 |
| 7 | 西南典型喀斯特地区石漠化时空演变特征--以贵州省普定县为例显示文摘为揭示我国西南典型喀斯特地区石漠化时空演变特征,选取贵州省普定县为研究对象,基于Landsat、DEM等影像数据,提取了坡度和4期植被覆盖度、岩石裸露率分布图,并利用地理探测器获得各自的贡献率,反演了1990—2015年4期石漠化空间分布信息,进而讨论了石漠化时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)在1990—2015年间,普定县石漠化演变复杂,经历了由好转到恶化再到好转的阶段,总体趋势在好转,局部恶化,石漠化治理仍需加大力度;(2)中度以上石漠化集中分布在三岔河沿岸附近,轻度以下石漠化则分布较散乱;(3)潜在和轻度石漠化演变方向复杂,潜在石漠化平均变化速率最大(2.75 km2/a),在1997—2006年间更是达到了16.5 km2/a;(4)植被覆盖度与岩石裸露率的变化主要呈负相关,前者的增加主导了石漠化的好转,而后者的增加则控制了石漠化的恶化;(5)石漠化演变存在突变,在三岔河沿岸附近,存在无/潜在石漠化突变为重度以上石漠化的现象;在靠近城乡居民地附近,存在重度以上石漠化突变为无/潜在石漠化的现象;(6)植被覆盖度、岩石裸露率、坡度能较准确反演石漠化,贡献率分别为44%、42%、14%。本文提供的石漠化反演方法快速高效,制作的图件、数据为同行提供了参考,得出的结论为石漠化治理提供了科学支撑。 | 习慧鹏 王世杰 白晓永 唐红 吴路华 陈飞 肖建勇 王明明 李汇文 操玥 陈欢 冉晨 罗旭玲 | 2018 | 生态学报2018，38，24： | 33 |
| 8 | 聚类有效性评价新指标显示文摘聚类有效性评价指标分为外部评价指标和内部评价指标两大类。现有外部评价指标没有考虑聚类结果类偏斜现象;现有内部评价指标的聚类有效性检验效果难以得到最佳类簇数。针对现有内外部聚类评价指标的缺陷,提出同时考虑正负类信息的分别基于相依表和样本对的外部评价指标,用于评价任意分布数据集的聚类结果;提出采用方差度量类内紧密度和类间分离度,以类间分离度与类内紧密度之比作为度量指标的内部评价指标。UCI数据集和人工模拟数据集实验测试表明,提出的新内部评价指标能有效发现数据集的真实类簇数;提出的基于相依表和样本对的外部评价指标,可有效评价存在类偏斜与噪音数据的聚类结果。 | 谢娟英 周颖 王明钊 姜炜亮 | 2017 | 智能系统学报2017，12，6： | 31 |
| 9 | Retrieval of global terrestrial solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence from TanSat satellite显示文摘The first Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission(TanSat), which was launched on December 21, 2016, is intended to measure atmospheric CO_2 concentration.The high spectral resolution(0.044 nm) and high SNR(360 at 15.2 mW m^(-1) sr^(-1) nm^(-1)) measurements in the region of the O_2-A band of the Atmospheric Carbon dioxide Grating Spectroradiometer(AGCS) module onboard TanSat make it possible to retrieve solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF) from TanSat observations at the global scale.This paper aims to explore the potential of the TanSat data for global SIF retrieval.A singular vector decomposition(SVD) statistical method was employed to retrieve SIF using radiance over a micro spectral window(~2 nm) around the Fe Fraunhofer lines(centered at 758.8 nm).The global SIF at 758.8 nm was successfully retrieved with a low residual error of 0.03 mW m^(-1) sr^(-1) nm^(-1).The results show that the spatial and temporal patterns of the retrieved SIF agree well with the global terrestrial vegetation pattern.The monthly SIF products retrieved from the TanSat data were compared with other remote sensing datasets, including OCO-2 SIF, MODIS NDVI, EVI and GPP.The overall consistency between TanSat and OCO-2 SIF products(R^2= 0.86) and the consistency of the spatial patterns and temporal variations between the TanSat SIF and MODIS vegetation indices and GPP enhance our confidence in the potential and feasibility of TanSat data for SIF retrieval.TanSat, therefore, provides a new opportunity for global sampling of SIF at fine spatial resolution(2 km × 2 km), thus improving photosynthesis observations from space. | Shanshan Du Liangyun Liu Xinjie Liu Xiao Zhang Xingying Zhang Yanmeng Bi Lianchong Zhang | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018，63，22： | 29 |
| 10 | Prognostic value of systemic immune.inflammation index in patients with gastric cancer显示文摘Background:Inflammation-based indexes have been used to predict survival and recurrence in cancer patients.Systemic immune-inflammation index(Sll) was reported to be associated with prognosis in some malignant tumors.In the present study,we aimed to explore the association between Sll and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed data from 444 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 1994 and December 2005.Preoperative Sll was calculated.The Chi square test or Fisher's exact test was used to determine the relationship between preoperative Sll and clinicopathologic characteristics.Overall survival(OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the effect of Sll on OS was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to compare the predictive ability of Sll,NLR,and PLR.Results:Sll equal to or higher than 660 was significantly associated with old age,large tumor size,unfavorable Borrmann classification,advanced tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,advanced TNM stage,and high carcino-embryonic antigen level,high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,and high platelet-lymphocyte ratio(all P<0.05).High Sll was significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis(P<0.001) and Sll was an independent predictor for OS(P=0.015).Subgroups analysis further showed significant associations between high Sll and short OS in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ subgroups(all P<0.05).Sll was superior to NLR and PLR for predicting OS in patients with gastric cancer.Conclusion:Preoperative Sll level is an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with gastric cancer. | Kang Wang Feiyu Diao Zhijun Ye Xinhua Zhang Ertao Zhai Hui Ren Tong Li Hui Wu Yulong He Shirong Cai Jianhui Chen | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，9： | 30 |
| 11 | 大米蛋白酶法改性及酶解物功能特性研究显示文摘利用碱性蛋白酶对米糟中的大米蛋白进行了改性研究。结果表明:最佳酶解反应条件为酶量[E]/[S]=1%、pH8.0、温度65℃、固液比1:5,该条件下经改性后的大米蛋白的氮溶解指数(nitrogensolubilityindex,NSI)、起泡性、乳化性得到了显著的改善,且氨基酸组成保持均衡,比较适合食品工业上应用。 | 玄国东 何国庆 熊皓平 徐莹 | 2005 | 中国粮油学报2005，20，3： | 26 |
| 12 | 我国城市供水水质指数与信息公开制度探讨显示文摘 | 袁志彬 | 2005 | 中国公共卫生2005，21，2： | 23 |
| 13 | 右旋美托咪啶的镇静效应及其对国人颈内动脉血流量的影响显示文摘目的研究右旋美托咪啶(dexmedetomidine,Dex)的镇静效应及其对国人颈内动脉血流量的影响。方法选择30例年青患者(ASAⅠ~Ⅱ)随机分为两组,各15例,Dex镇静组(D组)和对照组(C组),D组输注负荷剂量Dex0.4μg/kg(5min内)后以0.4μg/(kg·h)维持30min,C组输注生理盐水对照。监测所有患者的脑电双频谱指数(BIS)、听觉诱发电位指数(A-lineARXIndex,AAI)、MAP、HR、SpO2、PETCO2、OAA/S和Ramsay镇静评分,并采用AU4型彩色多普勒仪测量颈总动脉、颈内动脉内径、血流速率、血流量。连续记录基础值(T0),负荷剂量后即刻(T1),以及持续泵注Dex后5,10,15,20,25,30min(T2~7)上述各项指标。结果Dex负荷剂量输注后以及维持期间,镇静效应明显,BIS和AAI比基础值分别降低17.0%~30.9%(P<0.05)及30.1%~43.4%(P<0.05);OAA/S和Ramsay镇静评分也明显降低(P<0.05)。Dex负荷量输注后患者颈总动脉血流速率、血流量先明显增加(P<0.05)后逐渐回落;持续输注25min后患者颈内动脉血流速率、血流量比基础值降低17%~21%(P<0.05);期间患者HR和MAP与比基础值均引起无临床意义的降低(P<0.05);所有患者无明显呼吸抑制。结论Dex负荷剂量0.4μg/kg继以0.4μg/(kg·h)维持输注对国人产生明显镇静,同时减少颈内动脉的血流量。 | 佘守章 许学兵 李慧玲 吴戴红 莫世湟 | 2005 | 广东医学2005，26，6： | 23 |
| 14 | Climate and litter C/N ratio constrain soil organic carbon accumulation显示文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC) plays critical roles in stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentration, but the mechanistic controls on the amount and distribution of SOC on global scales are not well understood. In turn, this has hampered the ability to model global C budgets and to find measures to mitigate climate change. Here, based on the data from a large field survey campaign with 2600 plots across China’s forest ecosystems and a global collection of published data from forested land, we find that a low litter carbon-to-nitrogen ratio(C/N) and high wetness index(P/PET, precipitation-to-potentialevapotranspiration ratio) are the two factors that promote SOC accumulation, with only minor contributions of litter quantity and soil texture. The field survey data demonstrated that high plant diversity decreased litter C/N and thus indirectly promoted SOC accumulation by increasing the litter quality. We conclude that any changes in plant-community composition, plant-species richness and environmental factors that can reduce the litter C/N ratio, or climatic changes that increase wetness index, may promote SOC accumulation. The study provides a guideline for modeling the carbon cycle of various ecosystem scales and formulates the principle for land-based actions for mitigating the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. | Guoyi Zhou Shan Xu Philippe Ciais Stefano Manzoni Jingyun Fang Guirui Yu Xuli Tang Ping Zhou Wantong Wang Junhua Yan Gengxu Wang Keping Ma Shenggong Li Sheng Du Shijie Han Youxin Ma Deqiang Zhang Juxiu Liu Shizhong Liu Guowei Chu Qianmei Zhang Yuelin Li Wenjuan Huang Hai Ren Xiankai Lu Xiuzhi Chen | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，4： | 21 |
| 15 | 葛根素对胰岛素抵抗高血压模型大鼠血压和肾素血管紧张素系统的影响显示文摘目的:观察葛根素对胰岛素抵抗高血压模型大鼠血压(BP)以及胰岛素敏感性的影响,并探讨其降压作用与肾素血管紧张素系统之间的关系。方法:采用高脂、高糖和高盐饲料喂养大鼠,饲养8周时,肌肉注射葛根素,每天1次,连续4周。于造模前、造模8周后和给药4周末测定大鼠血压,并于给药4周末测量大鼠血浆肾素(Renin)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)水平,测定空腹血清血糖(fastingserumglucose ,FSG)和胰岛素(fastinginsulin ,FINS)水平,并计算胰岛素敏感指数(in sulinsensitivityindex ,IAI)。结果:葛根素高、中剂量均能明显降低胰岛素抵抗高血压模型大鼠的BP和血浆AngⅡ的水平。结论:葛根素对胰岛素抵抗高血压模型大鼠具有降低血压的作用,其降压机制可能与其影响RAS系统有关。 | 玉从容 吕俊华 | 2005 | 四川中医2005，23，4： | 20 |
| 16 | 基于连续分布方向图和改进的Poincaré Index的指纹分类显示文摘本文提出了指纹连续分布方向图(场)的概念及其算法,连续分布方向图具有很好的连续性、渐变性、抗噪性和较高的精确度;对经典的PoincaréIndex计算公式和指纹奇异点检测算法进行了改进,改进后的PoincaréIndex不仅能精确表示向量场的旋转角度,而且还能精确表示向量场的旋转方向,能够在像素级水平精确定位指纹奇异点(core点和delta点).在此基础上,提出了一种新的基于连续分布方向图和改进的PoincaréIn-dex的5类自动指纹分类算法,在江苏科技大学指纹库(含4000幅指纹)上的分类结果表明,本算法能抗任意角度的指纹图像旋转,成功地解决了指纹分类中的图像平移、旋转和形变不变性问题,分类正确率达到97.05%,具有较好的健壮性,满足实用要求. | 聂桂军 吴陈 叶锡君 徐荣青 | 2006 | 电子学报2006，34，5： | 20 |
| 17 | 西安市养老机构老年人牙齿缺失状况及GOHAI分析显示文摘目的:了解西安市养老机构老年人牙齿缺失及修复状况,进行口腔健康相关生命质量分析。方法:根据第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方法,对陕西省西安市16家养老机构中老年人牙齿缺失及义齿修复状况进行调查;采用老年口腔健康评价指数(Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index,GOHAI)评价其口腔健康相关生命质量。数据采用SPSS18.0软件进行统计分析。结果:牙列完整者12.50%,牙列缺失者20.29%;失牙均数11.42。210名接受GOH AI量表调查者平均得分49.46,其中生理功能方面15.20,疼痛不适方面12.69,心理社会功能方面21.58;在各条目负面影响的分析中,'咬或咀嚼食物时有困难'最常给老年人带来困扰,达46.20%。牙列完整、牙列缺损、牙列缺失老年人GOH AI得分依次降低。结论:西安市养老机构失牙老年人占较大比例,义齿修复率偏低,口腔健康状况及相关生命质量较差,牙列是否完整是口腔健康相关生命质量的重要影响因素。 | 王旭 徐小乔 吴昊 王丽媛 李娜 黄瑞哲 田剑刚 | 2018 | 中华老年口腔医学杂志2018，16，2： | 20 |
| 18 | 康奈尔健康量表在健康评价中的应用显示文摘众所周知,症状、体征、实验室及特殊检查,功能检测和病史是区别“正常”或“异常”或“健康”与“疾病”的相互联系的五个方面,但在实际工作中往往只注重体征和实验室等检查这类硬指标,而忽视了对症状和功能的评价,尤其是对功能的评价更未予足够的重视。在医学模式转变和现代医疗保健发展的今天,WHO早期对健康的定义(即“健康,不但是没有疾病,还要有完整的生理、心理状态和社会适应能力”) | 许丽英 | 1988 | 中国心理卫生杂志1988，2，6： | 20 |
| 19 | Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation on flexural performance of steel reinforced ultrahigh toughness cementitious composite (RUHTCC) beams显示文摘UHTCC (ultrahigh toughness cementitious composite), which is a kind of ultrahigh toughness cemen- titious composites material, exhibits pseudo strain hardening feature when subjected to tension load, and has enormous ductility and prominent crack dispersal ability. Accordingly, UHTCC can improve mechanical behavior of ordinary concrete structure especially its durability, and has been regarded as historical breakthrough to traditional cementitious materials. In this paper, the study focuses on flexure behavior of steel reinforced beam made of UHTCC. Based on the plane section assumption, along with two equilibrium equations of force and moment, the formulae to calculate the flexural load capability for the reinforced ultrahigh toughness cementitious composite (RUHTCC) beam were developed under the assumption that the compression stress- strain relationship in the UHTCC material is a bilinear model. Following this, the simplified formulae were further evolved by effective rectangle stress distribution approach in order to facilitate design of practical engineering. Two effective parameters introduced in effective rectangle approach were determined. The mathematical expressions to evaluate limited rein- forcement ratio, flexural stiffness as well as ductility index were proposed, too. Last, two series of dif- ferent reinforcement ratios of the RUHTCC beams were tested in four-point flexure loading. For com- parison purposes, ordinary RC (reinforced concrete) beams also were prepared. Both moment curva- ture curves and load mid-span displacement curves were recorded and compared with the theoretical calculations. A good agreement between them was found, which validates the proposed theoretical formulae. For ductility index, a slightly big difference between the experimental values and the calcu- lated ones exists. The experimental results show that, compared to control RC beams, the RUHTCC beam can improve both flexural capacity and ductility index, and the degree of improvement will de- crease with the increase in the reinforcement ratio. Particularly, the results also reveal that lager crack width in control beams can be greatly reduced by formation of tightly-spaced fine cracks in UHTCC, which offers more durable structures. | XU ShiLang ZHANG XiuFang | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，4： | 18 |
| 20 | 医疗服务中顾客满意度的模糊综合评价显示文摘随着我国医疗服务市场的开放和医疗卫生体制改革的不断深化,医疗机构所面临的市场竞争日益激烈.医院的生存与发展,在很大程度上取决于顾客对其所受服务的满意程度,只有赢得顾客,才能赢得市场[1].顾客满意度(cuStomer satisfaction index,CSI)是衡量医疗服务质量的重要指标,能较为客观地反映医疗服务质量的好坏[2].因此,科学地进行顾客满意度的评价对于医院参与竞争、获得竞争优势显得尤为重要和紧迫. | 张波 | 2005 | 中华医院管理杂志2005，21，7： | 18 |
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