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| 1 | Failed medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction:Causes and surgical strategies显示文摘Patel ar instability is a common clinical problem encountered by orthopedic surgeons specializing in the knee. For patients with chronic lateral patellar instability, the standard surgical approach is to stabilize the patella through a medial patellofemoral ligament(MPFL) reconstruction. Foreseeably, an increasing number of revision surgeries of the reconstructed MPFL will be seen in upcoming years. In this paper, the causes of failed MPFL reconstruction are analyzed:(1) incorrect surgical indication or inappropriate surgical technique/patient selection;(2) a technical error; and(3) an incorrect assessment of the concomitant risk factors for instability. An understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the MPFL and cautiousness with the imaging techniques while favoring clinical over radiological findings and the use of common sense to determine the adequate surgical technique for each particular case, are critical to minimizing MPFL surgery failure. Additionally, our approach to dealing with failure after primary MPFL reconstruction is also presented. | Vicente Sanchis-Alfonso Erik Montesinos-Berry Cristina Ramirez-Fuentes Joan Leal-Blanquet Pablo E Gelber Joan Carles Monllau | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，2： | 14 |
| 2 | Bilateral medial medullary infarction with distal stenosis of hypoplastic vertebral artery显示文摘To the Editor:Bilateral medial medullary infarction(MMI)is a rare stroke subtype.[1]usually leads to quadriplegia,sensory disturbance,hypoglossal palsy,bulbar paralysis,etc.[2]We encountered a patient with rapidly progressive tetraparesis and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)exhibited a“heart appearance”sign in the bilateral ventral medulla.Computed tomography angiography(CTA)demonstrated that the left vertebral artery(VA)was hypoplastic and there was an atherosclerotic stenosis in the V4 segment. | Jie-Ping Lu Yan Wu Fang Xiao Huai-Yu Li Qi-Qiang Tang | 2019 | Chinese Medical Journal2019，，8： | 13 |
| 3 | Posttraumatic incarceration of medial collateral ligament into knee joint with anterior cruciate ligament injury显示文摘Medial collateral ligament of the knee is an important coronal stabiliser and often injured in isolation or as combination of injuries. The article reports a case of incarcerated medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury in combination with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in 20 year old male who presented to us 4 weeks after injury. Clinical examination and MRI was correlated to complete ACL tear with torn distal MCL and incarceration into the joint. Patient was taken up for ACL hamstring graft reconstruction with mini-arthrotomy and repair of the torn MCL. Patient was followed up with dedicated rehabilitation protocol with good functional results. At one year follow-up, patient exhibited full range of motion with negative Lachman, Pivot shift and valgus stress tests. This article highlights the rare pattern of MCL tear and also reviews the literature on this pattern of injury. | Sunil Gurpur Kini Karel du Pre Warwick Bruce | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2015，18，6： | 7 |
| 4 | Aetiology and mechanisms of injury in medial tibial stress syndrome: Current and future developments显示文摘Medial tibial stress syndrome(MTSS) is a debilitating overuse injury of the tibia sustained by individuals whoperform recurrent impact exercise such as athletes and military recruits. Characterised by diffuse tibial anteromedial or posteromedial surface subcutaneous periostitis, in most cases it is also an injury involving underlying cortical bone microtrauma, although it is not clear if the soft tissue or cortical bone reaction occurs first. Nuclear bone scans and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) can both be used for the diagnosis of MTSS, but the patient's history and clinical symptoms need to be considered in conjunction with the imaging findings for a correct interpretation of the results, as both imaging modalities have demonstrated positive findings in the absence of injury. However, MRI is rapidly becoming the preferred imaging modality for the diagnosis of bone stress injuries. It can also be used for the early diagnosis of MTSS, as the developing periosteal oedema can be identified. Retrospective studies have demonstrated that MTSS patients have lower bone mineral density(BMD) at the injury site than exercising controls, and preliminary data indicates the BMD is lower in MTSS subjects than tibial stress fracture(TSF) subjects. The values of a number of tibial geometric parameters such as cross-sectional area and section modulus are also lower in MTSS subjects than exercising controls, but not as low as the values in TSF subjects. Thus, the balance between BMD and cortical bone geometry may predict an individual's likelihood of developing MTSS. However, prospective longitudinal studies are needed to determine how these factors alter during the development of the injury and to find the detailed structural cause, which is still unknown. Finite element analysis has recently been used to examine the mechanisms involved in tibial stress injuries and offer a promising future tool to understand the mechanisms involved in MTSS. Contemporary accurate diagnosis of either MTSS or a TSF includes a thorough clinical examination to identify signs of bone stress injury and to exclude other pathologies. This should be followed by an MRI study of the whole tibia. The cause of the injury should be established and addressed in order tofacilitate healing and prevent future re-occurrence. | Melanie Franklyn Barry Oakes | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，8： | 7 |
| 5 | In search of the Chinese self:An fMRI study显示文摘Cultural influences on the concept of self is a very important topic for social cognitive neuroscientific exploration, as yet, little if anything is known about this topic at the neural level. The present study investigates this problem by looking at the Chinese culture’s influence on the concept of self, in which the self includes mother. In Western cultures, self-referential processing leads to a memory performance advantage over other forms of semantic processing including mother-referential, other-referential and general semantic processing, and an advantage that is potentially localizable to the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). In Chinese culture, however, the behavioral study showed that mother-referential processing was comparable with self-referential processing in both memory per-formance and autonoetic awareness. The present study attempts to address whether similar neural correlates (e.g. MPFC) are acting to facilitate both types of referencing. Participants judged trait ad-jectives under three reference conditions of self, other and semantic processing in Experiment I, and a mother-reference condition replaced the other-reference condition in Experiment II. The results showed that when compared to other, self-referential processing yielded activations of MPFC and cingulate areas. However, when compared to mother, the activation of MPFC disappeared in self-referential processing, which suggests that mother and self may have a common brain region in the MPFC and that the Chinese idea of self includes mother. | ZHANG Li1,4, ZHOU Tiangang2, ZHANG Jian1, LIU Zuxiang1,2, FAN Jin3 & ZHU Ying11. Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Graduate School and Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 3. Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY 10029, USA 4. Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100089, China | 2006 | Science China(Life Sciences)2006，49，1： | 7 |
| 6 | Modified contralateral C7 nerve transfer: the possibility of permitting ulnar nerve recovery is confirmed by 10 cases of autopsy显示文摘Contralateral C7 nerve transfer surgery is one of the most important surgical techniques for treating total brachial plexus nerve injury. In the traditional contralateral C7 nerve transfer surgery, the whole ulnar nerve on the paralyzed side is harvested for transfer, which completely sacrifices its potential of recovery. In the present, novel study, we report on the anatomical feasibility of a modified contralateral C7 nerve transfer surgery. Ten fresh cadavers (4 males and 6 females) provided by the Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology at the Medical College of Fudan University, China were used in modified contralateral C7 nerve transfer surgery. In this surgical model, only the dorsal and superficial branches of the ulnar nerve and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve on the paralyzed side (left) were harvested for grafting the contralateral (right) C7 nerve and the recipient nerves. Both the median nerve and deep branch of the ulnar nerve on the paralyzed (left) side were recipient nerves. To verify the feasibility of this surgery, the distances between each pair of coaptating nerve ends were measured by a vernier caliper. The results validated that starting point of the deep branch of ulnar nerve and the starting point of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve at the elbow were close to each other and could be readily anastomosed. We investigated whether the fiber number of donor and recipient nerves matched one another. The axons were counted in sections of nerve segments distal and proximal to the coaptation sites after silver impregnation. Averaged axon number of the ulnar nerve at the upper arm level was approximately equal to the sum of the median nerve and proximal end of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (left: 0.94:1;right: 0.93:1). In conclusion, the contralateral C7 nerve could be transferred to the median nerve but also to the deep branch of the ulnar nerve via grafts of the ulnar nerve without deep branch and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. The advantage over traditional surgery was that the recovery potential of the deep branch of ulnar nerve was preserved. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University (approval number: 2015-064) in July, 2015. | Guang-Hui Hong Jing-Bo Liu Yu-Zhou Liu Kai-Ming Gao Xin Zhao Jie Lao | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，8： | 7 |
| 7 | 初次全膝关节置换术中内侧副韧带损伤的诊治研究现状显示文摘全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)已经使用很多年,但它绝不是没有风险的手术[1]。初次TKA术中医源性内侧副韧带(medial collateral ligament,MCL)损伤是一种并不常见的并发症,文献报道其发生率在(0.43%~2.7%)[2-4]。但是一旦发生,若处理不当。 | 马路遥 郭万首 | 2015 | 中华关节外科杂志(电子版)2015，9，5： | 6 |
| 8 | Neural mechanisms of mindfulness and meditation: Evidence from neuroimaging studies显示文摘Mindfulness is the dispassionate,moment-by-moment awareness of sensations,emotions and thoughts.Mindfulness-based interventions are being increasingly used for stress,psychological well being,coping with chronic illness as well as adjunctive treatments for psychiatric disorders.However,the neural mechanisms associated with mindfulness have not been well characterized.Recent functional and structural neuroimaging studies are beginning to provide insights into neural processes associated with the practice of mindfulness.A review of this literature revealed compelling evidence that mindfulness impacts the function of the medial cortex and associated default mode network as well as insula and amygdala.Additionally,mindfulness practice appears to effect lateral frontal regions and basal ganglia,at least in some cases.Structural imaging studies are consistent with these findings and also indicate changes in the hippocampus.While many questions remain unanswered,the current literature provides evidence of brain regions and networks relevant for understanding neural processes associated with mindfulness. | William R Marchand | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，7： | 5 |
| 9 | Dopamine as a growth differentiation factor in the mammalian brain显示文摘The catecholamine,dopamine,plays an important role in the central nervous system of mammals,including executive functions,motor control,motivation,arousal,reinforcement,and reward.Dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system lead to diseases of the brains,such as Parkinson’s disease,Tourette’s syndrome,and schizophrenia.In addition to its fundamental role as a neurotransmitter,there is evidence for a role as a growth differentiation factor during development.Recent studies suggest that dopamine regulates the development ofγ-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex.Moreover,in adult brains,dopamine increases the production of new neurons in the hippocampus,suggesting the promoting effect of dopamine on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and progenitor cells in the adult brains.In this mini-review,I center my attention on dopaminergic functions in the cortical interneurons during development and further discuss cell therapy against neurodegenerative diseases. | Koji Ohira | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，3： | 4 |
| 10 | Subtalar dislocation without associated fractures: Case report and review of literature显示文摘Isolated subtalar dislocations are unusual injuries due to the inherent instability of the talus. Subtalar dislocations are frequently associated with fractures of the malleoli, the talus, the calcaneus or the fifth metatarsal. Four types of subtalar dislocation have been described according to the direction of the foot in relation to the talus: medial, lateral posterior and anterior. It has been shown that some of these dislocations may spontaneously reduce. A rare case of a 36-year-old male patient who sustained a closed medial subtalar dislocation without any associated fractures of the ankle is reported. The patient suffered a pure closed medial subtalar dislocation that is hardly reported in the literature. Six months after injury the patient did not report any pain, had a satisfactory range of motion, and no signs of residual instability or early posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The traumatic mechanism, the treatment options, and the importance of a stable and prompt closed reduction and early mobilization are discussed. | Dionisios Giannoulis Dimitrios V Papadopoulos Marios G Lykissas Panagiotis Koulouvaris Ioannis Gkiatas Alexandros Mavrodontidis | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，3： | 4 |
| 11 | Understanding the medial ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: Review of native ligament anatomy and function显示文摘The medial ulnar collateral ligament complex of the elbow, which is comprised of the anterior bundle [AB, more formally referred to as the medial ulnar collateral ligament(MUCL)], posterior(PB), and transverse ligament, is commonly injured in overhead throwing athletes. Attenuation or rupture of the ligament results in valgus instability with variable clinical presentations. The AB or MUCL is the strongest component of the ligamentous complex and the primary restraint to valgus stress. It is also composed of two separate bands(anterior and posterior) that provide reciprocal function with the anterior band tight in extension, and the posterior band tight in flexion. In individuals who fail co-mprehensive non-operative treatment, surgical repair or reconstruction of the MUCL is commonly required to restore elbow function and stability. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy and biomechanical properties of the MUCL is imperative to optimize reconstructive efforts, and to enhance clinical and radiographic outcomes. Our understanding of the native anatomy and biomechanics of the MUCL has evolved over time. The precise locations of the origin and insertion footprint centers guide surgeons in proper graft placement with relation to bony anatomic landmarks. In recent studies, the ulnar insertion of the MUCL is described as larger than previously thought, with the center of the footprint at varying distances relative to the ulnar ridge, joint line, or sublime tubercle. The purpose of this review is to consolidate and summarize the existing literature regarding the native anatomy, biomechanical, and clinical significance of the entire medial ulnar collateral ligament complex, including the MUCL(AB), PB, and transverse ligament. | Joshua R Labott William R Aibinder Joshua S Dines Christopher L Camp | 2018 | World Journal of Orthopedics2018，9，6： | 4 |
| 12 | 双侧延髓内侧梗死1例报道显示文摘1病例 延髓内侧梗死(medial medullary infarction,MMI)发病率很低,占后循环梗死不到1%,双侧MMI更罕见。本研究报道1例我院1例双侧延髓内侧梗死,如下:病例介绍患者,男,60岁,因"头晕3天,四肢无力2天"收治入院。 | 高琳芝 张爱娟 | 2016 | 卒中与神经疾病2016，23，2： | 3 |
| 13 | Posterolateral dislocation of the knee:Recognizing an uncommon entity显示文摘Posterolateral dislocations of the knee are rare injuries.Early recognition and emergent open reduction is crucial.A 48-year-old Caucasian male presented with right knee pain and limb swelling 3 d after sustaining a twisting injury in the bathroom.Examination revealed the pathognomonic anteromedial 'pucker' sign.Anklebrachial indices were greater than 1.0 and symmetrical.Radiographs showed a posterolateral dislocation of the right knee.He underwent emergency open reduction without an attempt at closed reduction.Attempts at closed reduction of posterolateral dislocations of the knee are usually impossible because of incarceration of medial soft tissue in the intercondylar notch and may only to delay surgical management and increase the risk of skin necrosis.Magnetic resonance imaging is not crucial in the preoperative period and can lead to delays of up to 24 h.Instead,open reduction should be performed once vascular compromise is excluded. | Colin YL Woon Mark R Hutchinson | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，6： | 3 |
| 14 | 前外侧韧带对膝关节旋转稳定作用的研究进展显示文摘膝关节的肌肉、韧带及关节囊共同维持着膝关节的动、静态稳定,其动态稳定结构主要包括前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)和后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL),而静态稳定结构主要包括内侧副韧带(medial collateral ligament,MCL)和外侧副韧带(lateral collateral liga-ment,LCL). | 范亚杰 张民泽 | 2017 | 骨科临床与研究杂志2017，2，4： | 2 |
| 15 | MODULATION OF PREOPTIC AREA ON DISCHARGES OF PARAFASCICULAR PAIN NEURONS显示文摘The preoptic area of limbic system, either from an anatomical or from a physiological points of view, is located at an important place. Much work at home and abroad proved that it was a structure related to analgesia. When stimulated electrically | 王绍 付庆功 富继义 | 1983 | Chinese Science Bulletin1983，28，3： | 2 |
| 16 | 关节镜下膝关节内侧副韧带重建的术后护理体会显示文摘膝关节内侧副韧带(medial collateral ligaments,MCL)是膝关节内侧的主要稳定结构,来自膝关节外侧的暴力是致其损伤的常见原因,若治疗护理不当将引起膝关节功能严重障碍[1]。MCL损伤后的修复重建尤为重要,关节镜下进行MCL重建是目前常用的有效治疗方法[2]。重建术后功能锻炼对膝关节的功能恢复起着至关重要的作用,合理有效的术后康复训练可改善血液循环,牵拉挛缩组织,防止术后并发症的发生[3]。 | 刘蓓蓓 赵敏霞 李传和 | 2016 | 基层医学论坛2016，20，16： | 2 |
| 17 | Lesions of mediodorsal thalamic nucleus reverse abnormal firing of the medial prefrontal cortex neurons in parkinsonian rats显示文摘The dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex is associated with affective disorders and non-motor features in Parkinson’s disease.However,the exact role of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in the function of the prefrontal cortex remains unclear.To study the possible effects of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus on the neurological function of the medial prefrontal cortex,a model of Parkinson’s disease was established by injecting 8μg 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra compacta of rats.After 1 or 3 weeks,0.3μg ibotenic acid was injected into the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus of the midbrain.At 3 or 5 weeks after the initial injury,neuronal discharge in medial prefrontal cortex of rat brain was determined electrophysiologically.The numbers of dopamine-positive neurons and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in substantia nigra compacta and ventral tegmental area were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results demonstrated that after injury,the immunoreactivity of dopamine neurons and tyrosine hydroxylase decreased in the substantia nigra compacta and ventral tegmental areas of rats.Compared with normal medial prefrontal cortical neurons,at 3 and 5 weeks after substantia nigra compacta injury,the discharge frequency of pyramidal neurons increased and the discharge pattern of these neurons tended to be a burst-discharge,with an increased discharge interval.The discharge frequency of interneurons decreased and the discharge pattern also tended to be a burst-discharge,but the discharge interval was only higher at 3 weeks.At 3 weeks after the combined lesions,the discharge frequency,discharge pattern and discharge interval were restored to a normal level in pyramidal neurons and interneurons in medial prefrontal cortex.These findings have confirmed that mediodorsal thalamic nucleus is involved in regulating neuronal activities of the medial prefrontal cortex.The changes in the function of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus may be associated with the abnormal discharge activity of the medial prefrontal cortex neurons after substantia nigra compacta injury.All experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University,China(approval No.XJTULAC2017-067)on August 26,2017. | Ling-Ling Fan Bo Deng Jun-Bao Yan Zhi-Hong Hu Ai-Hong Ren Dong-Wei Yang | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，9： | 2 |
| 18 | Altered heartbeat perception sensitivity associated with brain structural alterations in generalised anxiety disorder显示文摘Background Palpitation is a common complaint in generalised anxiety disorder(GAD).Brain imaging studies have Investigated the neural mechanism of heartbeat perception in healthy volunteers.This study explored the neuroanatomical differences of altered heartbeat perception in patients with GAD using structural MRI.Aims Based on the strong somatic-interoceptive symptoms in GAD,we explored the regional structural brain abnormalities involved in heartbeat perception in patients with GAD.Methods This study was applied to the a priori regions using neuroanatomical theories of heartbeat perception,including the insula,anterior cingulate cortex,supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex.A total of 19 patients with GAD and 19 healthy control subjects were enrolled.We used the FMRIB Software Library voxel-based morphometry software for estimating the grey matter volume of these regions of interest and analysed the correlation between heartbeat perception sensitivity and the volume of abnormal grey matter.Results Patients with GAD showed a significantly decreased volume of grey matter in their left medial prefrontal cortex,right orbital frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.The grey matter volume of the left medial prefrontal cortex negatively correlated with heartbeat perception sensitivity in patients with GAD.Conclusions It should be the first study that shows heartbeat perception is associated with brain structure in GAD.Our findings suggest that the frontal region may play an important role in aberrant heartbeat perception processing in patients with GAD,and this may be an underlying mechanism resulting in the abnormal cardiovascular complaints in GAD.This is hypothesised as a'top-down'deficiency,especially in the medial prefrontal cortex.This will provide the foundation for a more targeted region for neuromodulation intervention in the future. | Hui Li Bin Zhang Qiang Hu Lanlan Zhang Yi Jin Jijun Wang Huiru Cui Jiaoyan Pang Chunbo Li | 2020 | General Psychiatry2020，33，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Beamforming of random line array显示文摘In order to solve the problem of the sensor location uncertaintyfor a towed line array,the sample matrix of the signal and time-spacecurve equations of the simulated array shape are presented in this paper.Average beampatterns of randomized processing are given too.The quan-titative results of array shape variation and distortion losses are obtainedfrom the comparison between the computer simulation and the experimen-tal results.In addition,a model for estimating array shape is offered.Anexperiment on dynamical beamforming is carried out.The results showthat SNR improvement of about 4dB may be obtained by dynamic com-pensation for a small array when the distortion is medial and the towspeed is low. | SHAN Bingyi(Hangzhou Applied Acoustics Institute Hangzhou 311400) | 1992 | Chinese Journal of Acoustics1992，11，2： | 2 |
| 20 | Enhanced Biocompatibility and Osseointegration of Calcium Titanate Coating on Titanium Screws in Rabbit Femur显示文摘This study aimed to examine the biocompatibility of calcium titanate(CaTiO_3) coating prepared by a simplified technique in an attempt to assess the potential of CaTiO_3 coating as an alternative to current implant coating materials. CaTiO_3-coated titanium screws were implanted with hydroxyapatite(HA)-coated or uncoated titanium screws into medial and lateral femoral condyles of 48 New Zealand white rabbits. Imaging, histomorphometric and biomechanical analyses were employed to evaluate the osseointegration and biocompatibility 12 weeks after the implantation. Histology and scanning electron microscopy revealed that bone tissues surrounding the screws coated with CaTiO_3 were fully regenerated and they were also well integrated with the screws. An interfacial fibrous membrane layer, which was found in the HA coating group, was not noticeable between the bone tissues and CaTiO_3-coated screws. X-ray imaging analysis showed in the CaTiO_3 coating group, there was a dense and tight binding between implants and the bone tissues; no radiation translucent zone was found surrounding the implants as well as no detachment of the coating and femoral condyle fracture. In contrast, uncoated screws exhibited a fibrous membrane layer, as evidenced by the detection of a radiation translucent zone between the implants and the bone tissues. Additionally, biomechanical testing revealed that the binding strength of CaTiO_3 coating with bone tissues was significantly higher than that of uncoated titanium screws, and was comparable to that of HA coating. The study demonstrated that CaTiO_3 coating in situ to titanium screws possesses great biocompatibility and osseointegration comparable to HA coating. | 王梓力 何榕真 涂斌 曹旭 何金深 夏晗松 梁驰 邹敏 吴松 吴振军 熊鲲 | 2017 | Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)2017，37，3： | 2 |
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