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| 1 | Nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based materials显示文摘Graphene,a two-dimensional carbon atom sheet,has attracted tremendous attention and research interest because of its exceptional physical properties.Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency,in addition to flexibility,robustness and environmental stability.The main focus so far has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices.However,because the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons enables ultrawideband tunability,we believe its true potential lies in photonics and optoelectronics.In this review,we introduce recent advances in the nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based materials.The rise of graphene in nonlinear optics is shown by several recent results,ranging from saturable absorbers and the four-wave mixing effect to giant two-photon absorption,reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting.The relevant forms of the graphene-based materials include pure graphene,graphene oxide and graphene hybrids. | LIU ZhiBo ZHANG XiaoLiang YAN XiaoQing CHEN YongSheng TIAN JianGuo | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，23： | 10 |
| 2 | Nonlinear photoresponse of metallic graphene-like VSe2 ultrathin nanosheets for pulse laser generation显示文摘Vanadium diselenide(VSe2), a typical metallic behaviour material among transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs) family, exhibits excellent photoelectric characteristics with a zero band gap, missing applicaiotn in pulse generation. In this work, a high-quality VSe2 saturable absorber(SA) was synthesized through a liquid-phase exfoliation method. The saturable absorption of obtained VSe2-SA was characterized systematically. The measured modulation depth was 9.9%, and the saturated intensity was 533.8 μJ/cm2. By incorporating this optical modulator into a ytterbium-doped fiber laser cavity, a stable passively Q-switched laser could be achieved. The pulse had the central wavelength of 1064.03 nm. As the pump power was increased, the repetition rate increased from 24.3 k Hz to 35.6 k Hz, and the pulse duration decreased from7.21 μs to 5.27 μs. The output power had the maximum value of 28.55 m W. These results indicated that VSe2 is an effective candidate to generate pulse laser due to its excellent nonlinear optical properties and universal photoelectric response, which may advance the applications of VSe2-based nonlinear optics and photoelectric devices. | Tao WANG Xinyao SHI Jin WANG Yijun XU Jie CHEN Zhuo DONG Man JIANG Pengfei MA Rongtao SU Yanxing MA Jian WU Kai ZHANG Pu ZHOU | 2019 | Science China(Information Sciences)2019，62，12： | 3 |
| 3 | Photonic integrated spiking neuron chip based on a self-pulsating DFB laser with a saturable absorber显示文摘We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a simple and novel photonic spiking neuron based on a distributed feedback(DFB)laser chip with an intracavity saturable absorber(SA).The DFB laser with an intracavity SA(DFBSA)contains a gain region and an SA region.The gain region is designed and fabricated by the asymmetric equivalentπ-phase shift based on the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technique.Under properly injected current in the gain region and reversely biased voltage in the SA region,periodic self-pulsation was experimentally observed due to the Q-switching effect.The self-pulsation frequency increases with the increase of the bias current and is within the range of several gigahertz.When the bias current is below the self-pulsation threshold,neuronlike spiking responses appear when external optical stimulus pulses are injected.Experimental results show that the spike threshold,temporal integration,and refractory period can all be observed in the fabricated DFB-SA chip.To numerically verify the experimental findings,a time-dependent coupled-wave equation model was developed,which described the physics processes inside the gain and SA regions.The numerical results agree well with the experimental measurements.We further experimentally demonstrated that the weighted sum output can readily be encoded into the self-pulsation frequency of the DFB-SA neuron.We also benchmarked the handwritten digit classification task with a simple single-layer fully connected neural network.By using the experimentally measured dependence of the self-pulsation frequency on the bias current in the gain region as an activation function,we can achieve a recognition accuracy of 92.2%,which bridges the gap between the continuous valued artificial neural networks and spike-based neuromorphic networks.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first experimental demonstration of a photonic integrated spiking neuron based on a DFB-SA,which shows great potential to realizing large-scale multiwavelength photonic spiking neural network chips. | YUECHUN SHI SHUIYING XIANG XINGXING GUO YAHUI ZHANG HONGJI WANG DIANZHUANG ZHENG YUNA ZHANG YANAN HAN YONG ZHAO XIAOJUN ZHU XIANGFEI CHEN XUN LI YUE HAO | 2023 | Photonics Research2023，11，8： | 2 |
| 4 | Principles to tailor the saturable and reverse saturable absorption of epsilon-near-zero material显示文摘Indium tin oxide(ITO) films have recently emerged as a new class of functional materials for nonlinear optical(NLO) devices due to their exotic properties around epsilon-near-zero(ENZ) wavelength. Here, we experimentally investigated and tailored the NLO absorption properties of ITO films. The NLO absorption response of ITO films is investigated by using the femtosecond Z-scan measurement technique at two different wavelengths of 1030 nm(out of ENZ region) and 1440 nm(within ENZ region). Interestingly, we observed conversion behavior from saturable absorption(SA) to reverse saturable absorption(RSA) at 1030 nm with the increasing incident laser intensity, whereas only SA behavior was observed at 1440 nm. We demonstrate that SA behavior was ascribed to ground-state free electrons bleaching in the conduction band, and RSA was attributed to three-photon absorption. Moreover, results reveal that ITO film shows more excellent SA performance at 1440 nm with a nonlinear absorption coefficient of ~-23.2 cm∕GW and a figure of merit of ~1.22 × 10^(-16) esu · cm.Furthermore, we tailored the SA and RSA behaviors of ITO films at 1030 and 1440 nm wavelengths via post-annealing treatment. The modulatable NLO absorption was ascribed to the changing of free-carrier concentration in ITO films via annealing treatment. The experimental findings offered an inroad for researchers to tailor its NLO absorption properties by changing the free-carrier concentration through chemical modification such as annealing, oxidation, or defect implantation. The superior and tunable nonlinear optical response suggests that ITO film might be employed as a new class material with potential applications in novel optical switches or optical limiters to realize the all-optical information process. | HAO MA YUANAN ZHAO YUCHEN SHAO YAFEI LIAN WEILI ZHANG GUOHANG HU YUXIN LENG JIANDA SHAO | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Nonlinear optical absorption properties of InP nanowires and applications as a saturable absorber显示文摘Indium phosphide(InP)nanowires(NWs)have attracted significant attention due to their exotic properties that are different from the bulk counterparts,and have been widely used for light generation,amplification,detection,modulation,and switching,etc.Here,high-quality InP NWs were directly grown on a quartz substrate by the Au-nanoparticle assisted vapor-liquid-solid method.We thoroughly studied their nonlinear optical absorption properties at 1.06μm by the open-aperture Z-scan method.Interestingly,a transition phenomenon from satu-rable absorption(SA)to reverse saturable absorption(RSA)was observed with the increase of the incident laser intensity.In the analysis,we found that the effective nonlinear absorption cofficient(βeff-10^2 cm/MW)under the SA process was 3 orders of magnitude larger than that during the RSA processes.Furthermore,the SA proper-ties of InP NWs were experimentally verified by using them as a saturable absorber for a passively Q-switched Nd:YVO4 solid-state laser at 1.06μm,where the shortest pulse width of 462 ns and largest single pulse energy of 1.32μJ were obtained.Moreover,the ultrafast carrier relaxation dynamics were basically studied,and the intraband and inter-band ultrafast carrier relaxation times of 8.1 and 63.8 ps,respectively,were measured by a degenerate pump-probe method with the probe laser of 800 nm.These results well demonstrate the nonlinear optical absorption properties,which show the excellent light manipulating capabilities of InP NWs and pave a way for their applications in ultrafast nanophotonic devices. | JUNTING LIU HONGKUN NIE BINGZHENG YAN KEJIAN YANG HE YANG VLADISLAV KHAYRUDINOV HARRI LIPSANEN BAITAO ZHANG JINGLIANG HE | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，6： | 2 |
| 6 | Strain compensated robust semiconductor saturable absorber mirror for fiber lasers显示文摘We demonstrate a strain compensated long lifetime semiconductor saturable absorber mirror(SESAM) with a high modulation depth for fiber lasers.The SESAM was measured to have a damage threshold of 9.5 m J/cm^2, a modulation depth of 11.5%, a saturation fluence of 39.3 μJ/cm^2, and an inversed saturable absorption coefficient of 630 m J/cm^2.The SESAM has been applied to a linear cavity mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser, which has been working for more than a year without damage of the SESAM. | 王燕 林楠 高婉丽 宋寰宇 胡明列 黎海明 包文霞 马骁宇 张志刚 | 2019 | Chinese Optics Letters2019，17，7： | 2 |
| 7 | Towards an optimum saturable absorber for the multi-gigahertz harmonic mode locking of fiber lasers显示文摘Ultra-high-pulse-repetition-rate lasers are essential for a number of applications, including, e.g., optical communication and ablation-cooled material processing. Despite several techniques to generate pulses with gigahertzrange repetition rate, incorporating mainly short-length resonators, more widespread applications are still limited by the lack of a robust, simple, and cost-effective solution. Here, we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, fully passive harmonic mode locking in an all-polarization-maintaining(PM) fiber laser. The design guarantees a fixed polarization state and stable operation, where the cavity harmonic number is controlled by the pump power only. Self-starting operation is provided by the antimony telluride(Sb2Te3) thin-film saturable absorber(SA), which facilitates multiple pulse operation. The SA acts by means of low modulation depth, low saturation fluence, and an inverse slope in the saturable absorption curve. The optimum features of the SA and limiting factors for high-repetition-rate pulse generation in this regime of operation are discussed. As a result, 2.2 ps pulses with 3 GHz repetition rate are generated at 1560 nm wavelength. The study reports a new approach towards an optimal SA for multi-gigahertz pulse generation in practical, all-PM fiber lasers. | JAKUB BOGUSLAWSKI GRZEGORZ SOBON RAFALZYBALA JAROSLAW SOTOR | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，9： | 2 |
| 8 | Transition Metal Dichalcogenides(WS2 and MoS2)Saturable Absorbers for Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers显示文摘We demonstrate an ultrafast fiber laser based on transition metal dichalcogenide materials which are tungsten disulfide(WS2) and molybdenum disulfide(MoS_2) as saturable absorber(SA). These materials are fabricated via a simple drop-casting method. By employing WS_2, we obtain a stable harmonic mode-locking at the threshold pump power of 184 mW, and the generated soliton pulse has 3.48 MHz of repetition rate. At the maximum pump power of 250 mW, we also obtain a small value of pulse duration, 2.43 ps with signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of 57 dB.For MoS_2 SA, the pulse is generated at 105 mW pump power with repetition rate of 1.16 MHz. However, the pulse duration cannot be detected by the autocorrelator device as the pulse duration recorded is 468 ns, with the SNR value of 35 dB. | N.A.A.Kadir E.I.Ismail A.A.Latiff H.Ahmad H.Arof S.W.Harun | 2017 | Chinese Physics Letters2017，34，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Ternary ReS_(2(1-x))Se_(2x) alloy saturable absorber for passively Q-switched and mode-locked erbium-doped all-fiber lasers显示文摘We report Q-switched and mode-locked erbium-doped all-fiber lasers using ternary ReS_(2(1-x))Se_(2x) as saturable absorbers(SAs). The modulation depth and saturable intensity of the film SA are 1.8% and 0.046 MW∕cm2.In Q-switched mechanism output, the pulse was centered at 1531.1 nm with maximum pulse energy and minimum pulse width of 28.29 nJ and 1.07 μs, respectively. In mode-locked operation, the pulse was centered at1561.15 nm with pulse width of 888 fs, repetition rate of 2.95 MHz, and maximum pulse energy of 0.275 nJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the mode-locked Er^(3+)-doped fiber laser using ternary transition metal dichalcogenides. This work suggests prospective 2 D-material SAs can be widely used in versatile fields due to their attractive optoelectronic and tunable energy bandgap properties. | CHENXI DOU WEN WEN JUNLI WANG MENGYUAN MA LIMING XIE CHING-HWA HO ZHIYI WEI | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，3： | 1 |
| 10 | REVERSE SATURABLE ABSORPTION AND THIRD-ORDER OPTICAL NONLINEARITY IN PORPHYRIN显示文摘The optical saturable absorption in which the absorption coefficient decreases with the increase of the light intensity has been known for many years. The third-order optical nonlinearity in these media has received much attention recently. In contrast, the reverse saturable absorption in which the optical absorption increases with the increase of the | 费浩生 韩力 艾希成 殷锐 沈家聪 | 1992 | Chinese Science Bulletin1992，37，4： | 0 |
| 11 | Nanosecond Pulse Generation with Silver Nanoparticle Saturable Absorber显示文摘Nanosecond pulse generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) passively mode-locked by a silver nanoparticle(SNP)-based saturable absorber(SA) is experimentally demonstrated. The SA is fabricated by depositing a nanosized SNP layer onto the surface of polyvinyl alcohol film through the thermal evaporation process. By inserting the SA into an EDFL cavity, stable mode-locked operation is achieved at 1561.5 nm with the maximum pulse energy up to 52.3 nJ. The laser operates at a pulse repetition frequency of 1.0 MHz with a pulse width of 202 ns. These results suggest that SNPs could be developed as an effective SA for mode-locking pulse generation. | R.Z.R.R.Rosdin M.T.Ahmad A.R.Muhammad Z.Jusoh H.Arof S.W.Harun | 2019 | Chinese Physics Letters2019，36，5： | 0 |
| 12 | CsPbBr3 nanocrystal for mode-locking Tm-doped fiber laser显示文摘CsPbBr3 nanocrystal is used as the saturable absorber(SA) for mode-locking Tm-doped fiber laser in a ring fiber cavity.The modulation depth, saturable intensity, and non-saturable loss of the fabricated SA are 14.1%, 2.5 MW/cm^2,and 5.9%, respectively.In the mode-locking operation, the mode-locked pulse train has a repetition rate of 16.6 MHz with pulse width of 24.2 ps.The laser wavelength is centered at 1992.9 nm with 3-dB spectrum width of 2.5 nm.The maximum output power is 110 mW with slope efficiency of 7.1%.Our experiment shows that CsPbBr3 nanocrystal can be used as an efficient SA in the 2-μm wavelength region. | 周延 张仁栗 李夏 关珮雯 贺冬钰 侯京山 刘玉峰 房永征 廖梅松 | 2019 | Chinese Physics B2019，28，9： | 0 |
| 13 | Exact solitary wave solutions of a nonlinear Schrdinger equation model with saturable-like nonlinearities governing modulated waves in a discrete electrical lattice显示文摘In this paper, we introduce and propose exact and explicit analytical solutions to a novel model of the nonlinear Schr¨odinger(NLS) equation. This model is derived as the equation governing the dynamics of modulated cutoff waves in a discrete nonlinear electrical lattice. It is characterized by the addition of two terms that involve time derivatives to the classical equation. Through those terms, our model is also tantamount to a generalized NLS equation with saturable;which suggests that the discrete electrical transmission lines can potentially be used to experimentally investigate wave propagation in media that are modeled by such type of nonlinearity. We demonstrate that the new terms can enlarge considerably the forms of the solutions as compared to similar NLS-type equations. Sine–Gordon expansion-method is used to derive numerous kink, antikink, dark, and bright soliton solutions. | Serge Bruno Yamgoue Guy Roger Deffo Eric Tala-Tebue Francois Beceau Pelap | 2018 | Chinese Physics B2018，27，12： | 0 |
| 14 | Broadband 1T-polytype tantalum disulfide saturable absorber for solid-state bulk lasers显示文摘1T-polytype tantalum disulfide(1T-TaS_(2)),an emerging strongly correlated material,features a narrow bandgap of 0.2 e V,bridging the gap between zero-bandgap graphene and large-bandgap 2D nonlinear optical(NLO)materials.Combined with its intense light absorption,high carrier concentration,and high mobility,1T-TaS_(2) shows considerable potential for applications in broadband optoelectronic devices.However,its NLO characteristics and related applications have rarely been explored.Here,1T-TaS_(2) nanosheets are prepared by chemical vapor deposition.The ultrafast carrier dynamics in the 400–1100 nm range and broadband NLO performance in the 515–2500 nm range are systematically studied using femtosecond lasers.An obvious saturable absorption phenomenon is observed in the visible to IR range.The nonlinear absorption coefficient is measured to be-22.60±0.52 cm MW-1under 1030 nm,which is larger than that of other typical 2D saturable absorber(SA)materials(graphene,black phosphorus,and MoS_(2))under similar experimental conditions.Based on these findings,using 1T-TaS_(2) as a new SA,passively Q-switched laser operations are successfully performed at 1.06,1.34,and 1.94μm.The results highlight the promise of 1T-TaS_(2) for broadband optical modulators and provide a potential candidate material system for mid-IR nonlinear optical applications. | MENGXIA WANG HAILONG QIU TIANWEN YANG ZHENGPING WANG CHUANRUI ZHAO YUANAN ZHAO TING YU YUYAO JIANG MEILING CHEN YAFEI LIAN GE ZHANG HONGJUN LIU ZHANGGUI HU JIANDA SHAO | 2022 | Photonics Research2022，10，9： | 0 |
| 15 | Zinc-oxide nanoparticle-based saturable absorber deposited by simple evaporation technique for Q-switched fiber laser显示文摘A Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser(EDFL)incorporating zinc-oxide(ZnO)nanoparticles-based saturable absorber(SA)is proposed and demonstrated.To form the SA,the ZnO nanoparticles,which are originally in the powder form,are first dissolved in ethanol and subsequently deposited onto the surface of fiber ferrule by using the adhesion effect with the evaporation technique.By integrating the ZnO nanoparticle-based SA into a laser cavity of an EDFL,a self-started and stable Q-switching is achieved at a low threshold power of 20.24 mW.As the pump power is increased,the pulse repetition rate is tunable from 10.34 kHz to 25.59 kHz while pulse duration decreases from 21.39μs to 3.65μs.Additionally,this Q-switched laser has a maximum energy per pulse of 19.34 nJ and an average output power of 0.46 mW.These results indicate the feasibility and functionality of the ZnO nanoparticles-based SA for Q-switched generation,which offers the flexibility and easy integration of the SA into a ring laser cavity. | Syarifah Aloyah Syed Husin Farah Diana Muhammad Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah Siti Huzaimah Ribut Mohd Zamani Zulkifli Mohd Adzir Mahdi | 2019 | Chinese Physics B2019，28，8： | 0 |
| 16 | Wavelength-dependent nonlinear absorption of gold nanocages显示文摘The dipole resonances of gold nanocages were investigated theoretically using finite difference time domain method.The results show that field enhancement is obtained at the walls of the gold nanocages.It is believed that the effect can cause a strong optical nonlinear property.To test the hypothesis,nonlinear absorption was investigated using a broadband 5 ns Z scan.It was found that at low intensities the sample shows saturable absorption(SA),while at higher intensities a switch from SA to reverse SA occurs.Moreover,the nonlinear absorption of the sample is sensitively wavelength-dependent,and,in the resonant region,saturation intensity is the largest. | 陈爽 杨素英 黄妍 焦威严 范光华 高亚臣 | 2020 | Chinese Optics Letters2020，18，1： | 0 |
| 17 | Passive mode-locking in semiconductor lasers with saturable absorbers bandgap shifted through quantum well intermixing显示文摘Passive mode-locking in semiconductor lasers in a Fabry–Perot configuration with a bandgap blueshift applied to the saturable absorber(SA)section has been experimentally characterized.For the first time a fully post-growth technique,quantum well intermixing,was adopted to modify the material bandgap in the SA section.The measurements showed not only an expected narrowing of the pulse width but also a significant expansion of the range of bias conditions generating a stable train of optical pulses.Moreover,the pulses from lasers with bandgap shifted absorbers presented reduced chirp and increased peak power with respect to the nonshifted case. | Vincenzo Pusino Michael J.Strain Marc Sorel | 2014 | Photonics Research2014，2，6： | 0 |
| 18 | Excited-state nonlinear absorption and its description using density matrix theory显示文摘A density matrix theory with a ten-energy-level model in the molecular system irradiated bya pulsed laser at non-resonant wavelength is proposed. The reverse saturable absorption under ns and pspulses and the transformation from reverse saturable absorption to saturable absorption under strong ps pulses are described by this model. The correctness of the theoretical model is proved by experiments. | 李淳飞 司金海 杨淼 王瑞波 张雷 | 1995 | Science China Mathematics1995，38，8： | 0 |
| 19 | A wave controlling method for CO_2 welding using saturable inductor显示文摘A new current wave controlling method for short circuit transition CO 2 welding using saturable inductor is put forward in this paper. Theory analysis and experiment results prove that the inverter’s dynamic characteristics is greatly improved, the declining speed of current during liquid bridge neck shrinking is quicker, subsequently the energy accumulated in the bridge and the radius of the bridge before rupturing is reduced thus the low spatter result is achieved. | 王新之 陈武柱 程世红 | 1999 | China Welding1999，8，1： | 0 |
| 20 | WSe_2 as a saturable absorber for multi-gigahertz Q-switched mode-locked waveguide lasers [Invited]显示文摘Graphene and other extraordinary two-dimensional materials together with recent advances in optical modulators have set the foundations for the widespread applications of next-generation optoelectronic devices. In this work, we report on the high-performance fundamentally mode-locked waveguide laser modulated by chemicalvapor-deposition-grown WSe2 as a saturable absorber. By incorporating a WSe2 sample into a monolithic Nd:YVO4 waveguide platform, 6.526 GHz picosecond pulsed laser generation has been achieved at the wavelength of 1 μm with pulse duration of 47 ps. | 李子琦 李让 逄驰 张玉霞 于浩海 陈峰 | 2019 | Chinese Optics Letters2019，17，2： | 0 |
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